TU

T
D E N B OO

UNIT 5

Equivalent
Fractions
Xxx

LESSO N

Quick Review

!1!
3

of the circle
is shaded.
!

!2!
6

of the circle
is shaded.

!3!
9

!4!
12

of the circle
is shaded.

of the circle
is shaded.

!1!, !2!, !3!,

3 6 9

and !14!2 name the same amount.

They are equivalent fractions.

! There are patterns in the equivalent fractions.

1 2 3 4
The numerators are multiples of the least numerator, 1.
!!, !!, !!, !!
3 6 9 12
The denominators are multiples of the least denominator, 3.
! You can multiply or divide the numerator
and the denominator of a fraction by the
same number to find equivalent fractions.

!6
3
4

"4
18
24

!6

12
16

3
4

"4

Try These
Write 3 equivalent fractions for each picture.
1.
2.

________________
68

________________

3.

________________

Practice
1. Write 2 equivalent fractions for each fraction.
Use the diagram to help.

a)

!1!
4

__________

b)

!2!
4

__________ c)

!3!
4

__________ d)

!4!
4

__________

2. Write as many equivalent fractions as you can for each picture.

a)
b)
c)

______________

______________

______________

3. Draw a picture to show each pair of equivalent fractions.

a) !25! and !16!5
b) !46! and !1264!

Stretch Your Thinking

Find as many equivalent fractions as you can
for the shaded section of this hundredths grid.
___________________________________________

69

TU

Comparing and Ordering

Fractions

T
D E N B OO

UNIT 5

LESSO N

Quick Review
Here are some ways to compare and order fractions.
! To order !12!, !45!, and !23!: 0
1
1
3
5
Draw a number line.
Divide, mark, and label the number line.
From least to greatest: !12!, !23!, !45!

2
5

1
2

3
5

2
3

4
5

! To compare !45! and !34!:

List equivalent fractions until the numerators or denominators are
the same.
!4!
5

16
20
= !18!0 = 12
15 = 20 = 25

3
4

6
8

Since

=
12
15

or, since

9
12

15
= 12
16 = 20

>

, then

16
20

12
16

>

15
20

4
5

, then

>
4
5

3
4

> 34 .

Try These
1. a) Show thirds, fourths, and sixths on a number line.
0

1
2

b) Use the number line above to order these fractions from least to greatest:
!2! , !3! , !2!.
3 4 6
________________
2. Use equivalent fractions to compare the fractions in each pair.
9
a) !45! and 10
b)
70

!2!
3

and !58!

Practice
1. Use the strips below to order these fractions from least to greatest: !34!, !56!, !58!

________________________________________________________________
2. Use equivalent fractions to compare the fractions in each pair.
Write >, <, or =.
a)

!3!
4

______ !78!

b)

!1!
2

______ !37!

c)

!2!
3

______ !59!

d)

!3!
5

______ !12!0

3. Which fraction in each pair is greater? Tell how you know.

a) !38! or !58!
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
b)

4
!!
9

or !47!

_____________________________________________________________
c)

6
7
!! or !!
12
24

_____________________________________________________________
4. Name 4 fractions that are less than !23!.
Each fraction should have a different denominator.
________________________________________________________________

Stretch Your Thinking

1. Write a fraction to make each statement true.
a)

!7!
8

< _______

b)

99
!!
100

> _______ c) _______ < !14!

d) _______ > !18!

71

TU

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D E N B OO

UNIT 5

Relating Fractions to
Decimals

LESSO N

Quick Review
! You can write fractions with denominators of 10 and 100 as decimals.
!6!
10

9!
is 6 tenths or 0.6. !
100 is 9 hundredths or 0.09.

! If a fraction does not have a denominator of 10 or 100, try to find an

equivalent fraction that does.
1
!!
5

is equivalent to !12!0 .

!2!
10

is 2 tenths, or 0.2.

1
!!
5

and 0.2 are equivalent.

!1!
4

25
!
is equivalent to !
100 .

25
!!
100
!1!
4

is 25 hundredths or 0.25.

and 0.25 are equivalent.

Try These
1. Write a fraction and a decimal to describe the shaded part of each grid.
a)
b)
c)

_______________
72

_______________

_______________

Practice
1. Colour each grid to show the fraction.
Then, write the fraction as a decimal.
a)
b)

3
!!
4

8
!!
100

______________

c)

3
!!
5

______________

______________

2. Use >, <, or = to make each statement true.

a)

1
!!
4

25
!
______ !
100

2
!
b) 0.07 ______ !
100

d)

2
!!
5

30
!
______ !
100

e)

3
!!
4

95
!
______ !
100

20
!
c) 0.2 ______ !
100

f)

1
!!
2

______ 0.5

c)

!3!
5

___________

f)

!4!
5

___________

3. Write an equivalent fraction for each decimal.

a) 0.25 ___________

b) 0.4 ____________

c) 0.6 ____________

d) 0.75 ___________

4. Write each fraction as a decimal.

a)

!1!
2

d)

3!
6
!
100

___________
___________

b)

16
!
!
20

e)

!3!
4

___________

___________

Stretch Your Thinking

Write a decimal that is close in value to each of these fractions:
!1!
3

___________

!2!
3

___________

!1!
8

___________

!5!
8

___________

73

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UNIT 5

Fraction and Decimal

Benchmarks

LESSO N

Quick Review
You can use benchmarks to compare and order decimals.
0.5

0.0

1.0

! Order 0.8, 0.42 and 0.31 from least to greatest.

Use equivalent decimals.
0.0 = 0.00
0.5 = 0.50
0.00

0.31

0.42

0.8 = 0.80

0.50

0.80

1.0 = 1.00
1.00

0.31 and 0.42 are between 0.00 and 0.50.

0.31 < 0.42
0.80 is between 0.50 and 1.00
From least to greatest: 0.31, 0.42, 0.8

Try These
1. Estimate to place the decimals on the number line.
Order the decimals from least to greatest.
a) 0.30, 0.10, 0.70
0.00

0.50

1.00

0.50

1.00

From least to greatest:

b) 0.65, 0.6, 0.2
0.00

From least to greatest:

74

Practice
1. Complete. Use >, <, or =.
a) 0.40 ______ 0.70

b) 0.25 ______ 0.17

c) 0.7 ______ 0.70

d) 0.48 ______ 0.4

e) 0.90 ______ 0.9

f) 1.0 ______ 0.99

2. Order the decimals in each set from greatest to least.

a) 0.6, 0.24, 0.12 ______________ b) 0.8, 0.75, 0.3 ______________
c) 0.14, 0.2, 0.35 ______________ d) 0.92, 0.1, 0.11 ______________
3. a) Complete the table.

Decimal

b) Order the decimals in the

table from least to greatest.
_____________________

Lower
Upper
Nearest
Benchmark Benchmark Benchmark

0.19
0.40
0.86
0.07

4. Use the number line below to compare the numbers !34! and 0.7.
0.00

0.50

1.00

5. Mannys snail travelled 0.89 m in 10 min.

Berthas snail travelled 0.9 m in 10 min.
Whose snail travelled the greater distance?
_____________________

Stretch Your Thinking

Order these numbers from least to greatest:
7
0.23, 10
, 0.04, !14!, 0.8
_______________________________________________________________

75

TU

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D E N B OO

Exploring Thousandths

UNIT 5

LESSO N

Quick Review

me

At Sc

At Ho

hoo

! Numbers with thousandths can be shown in different ways.

Ones Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
2

! We can write some fractions with denominator 1000.

! 25
1
4

=
! 25

1
!!
4

! 10
25
100

250
1000

250
!! is 0.250.
1000
So, !14! is equivalent

! 10

250

!
is equivalent to !
1000 .

to 0.250.

! We can write decimals in expanded form.

4.623= 4 ones + 6 tenths + 2 hundredths + 3 thousandths
= 4 + 0.6 + 0.02 + 0.003
! 0.700, 0.70, and 0.7 name the same amount.
They are equivalent decimals.

Try These
1. Write each number as a decimal.
a)

7
!!
100

b)

14
!!
1000

c)

19
!
100

d)

6
!!
1000

e)

374
!!
1000

f)

108
!!
1000

2. Write each decimal in expanded form.

a) 0.405
b) 84.037
3. Write an equivalent decimal for each decimal.
a) 0.23
76

b) 0.6

234
1000

= 0.234

Practice
1. Record each number in the place-value chart.
a) 76 thousandths

b) 316 and 536 thousandths

c) 185 thousandths

d) 93 and 3 thousandths

Hundreds

Tens

Ones

Tenths

Hundredths Thousandths

a)
b)
c)
d)

2. Write each number as a fraction.

a) 0.047 ___________

b) 0.354 ____________ c) 0.739 ___________

d) 0.001 ___________

e) 0.72 _____________ f) 0.506 ___________

3. Write each number in question 2 in expanded form.

a) ___________________________

b) ___________________________

c) ___________________________

d) ___________________________

e) ___________________________

f) ___________________________

4. Write each fraction as a decimal.

a)

9
!!
1000

____________

b)

6
!!
100

d)

25
!!
1000

____________

e)

367
!!
1000

_____________
____________

c)

85
!!
1000

____________

f)

8
!!
1000

____________

Stretch Your Thinking

Use the digits 0, 2, 3, and 6.
Make a number that is greater than 1 but less than 4.
Find as many numbers as you can.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
77

TU

Comparing and
Ordering Decimals

T
D E N B OO

UNIT 5

LESSO N

Quick Review

me

At Sc

At Ho

The table shows the masses

of Henrys 3 kittens.

Kitten

Mass (kg)

Foofoo

0.395

Here are 2 ways to order the pets

from least to greatest mass.

Quigley

0.364

Oscar

0.391

hoo

Use a place-value chart.

Ones

Tenths

Hundredths

Thousandths

All 3 numbers have 0 ones and 3 tenths.

0.364 has the least number of hundredths, so it is the least number.
0.395 has the greatest number of thousandths, so it is the greatest.
The pets in order from least to greatest mass are: Quigley, Oscar, Foofoo.
Use a number line.
0.364

0.391 0.395

0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40

Reading numbers from left to right gives the masses from least to greatest.

Try These
1. Use ", #, or $ to make each statement true.
a) 0.457 ______ 0.406

b) 17.63 ______ 17.630

c) 5.976 ______ 6.0

2. Order the numbers from greatest to least.

a) 0.36, 0.371, 0.329 ________________ b) 2.76, 5.3, 2.485 ______________
78

Practice
1. Play this game with a partner.
You will need 2 sets of 10 cards numbered 0 to 9, in a paper bag.
Take turns drawing a card from the bag.
Record the digit in any space in the first row of your game board.
Return the card to the bag.
Continue until all 4 spaces in a row are filled.
Compare your numbers using " or #.
The player with the greater number wins a point.
Play 4 more rounds.
The player with the higher score wins.
Player A

Player B

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

_____ . _____ _____ _____

2. a) Write your numbers from the game in order from greatest to least.

b) Write your partners numbers from the game in order from least
to greatest.

Stretch Your Thinking

Write all the numbers from the game in order from least to greatest.

79

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UNIT 5

Using Decimals to Relate

Units of Measure

LESSO N

Quick Review
There are relationships among the units you use to measure length.
! You can read the length of this shoe in several ways.
The shoe is
17 cm long.

Since 1 cm is 10 mm,
then 17 cm is 170 mm.
The shoe is 170 mm long.

Since 1 cm is 0.01 m,
then 17 cm is 0.17 m.
The shoe is 0.17 m long.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 mm = 0.1 cm
1 mm = 0.001 m

1 cm = 10 mm
1 cm = 0.01 m

1 m = 1000 mm
1 m = 100 cm

Try These
1. Record each measure in millimetres and metres.
a) 7 cm _______________________ b) 56 cm ________________________
c) 13 cm ______________________ d) 40 cm ________________________
2. Record each measure in millimetres and centimetres.
a) 4 m ________________________ b) 6 m __________________________
c) 3.2 m ______________________ d) 40 m _________________________
3. Use =, <, or > to make each statement true.
a) 4.16 m ____ 416 cm
c) 7.2 m ____ 7200 mm
80

b) 75 cm ____ 7.5 m

Practice
1. Complete.
a) 53 cm = ______ m

b) 4.1 m = ______ cm

c) 85 mm = ______ cm

d) 0.25 m = ______ cm e) 8.6 m = ______ mm f) 25 cm = ______ mm

2. Write each length using 2 different units.
a) 60 mm _____________________

b) 4 cm _____________________

c) 0.03 m _____________________

d) 2.5 m ____________________

3. Here are the lengths of 5 types of eggs.

a) Which is longer, a robin egg
or a cuckoo egg? ________________
b) Which is shorter, a hummingbird egg
or a robin egg? _________________

Type of Egg
Canada Goose
Robin
Hummingbird
Ostrich
Cuckoo

c) About how many times as long as

a Canada goose egg is an ostrich egg? ______

Length
8.6 cm
1.9 cm
13 mm
18 cm
35 mm

d) Put the eggs in order from shortest to longest.

______________________________________________________________
4. Darwin is 1.06 m tall. Carleton is 157 cm tall.
Which boy is taller? _______________ How much taller is he? ________
5. Draw a line 9 cm long. Write its length using 2 other units.

________________________________________________________________

Stretch Your Thinking

Which would you rather have, a pile of loonies 350 mm tall or a pile of loonies
0.49 m tall? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
81

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UNIT 5

Relating Fractions and

Decimals to Division

LESSO N

Quick Review
! Wayne has 5 fruit bars to share among 3 people.
How much will each person get?
Divide.
Five fruit bars shared among 3 people
is written as 5 3.

1 R2
3 5

There are 2 left over.

Divide each leftover fruit bar in thirds.
There are 6 thirds.
Each person gets 2 thirds
of the leftover fruit bars.
So, each person gets 1 fruit bar and !23! more.
! Any division statement can be written as a fraction.
5 3 = !53!

Try These
1. Write each division statement as a fraction.
a) 3 7 ________

b) 4 6 _________

c) 5 9 _________

d) 8 6 ________

e) 10 4 ________

f) 12 5 ________

2. Write each fraction as a division statement.

82

a)

4
!!
5

________

b)

12
!!
8

________

c)

15
!!
4

________

d)

1
!!
6

________

e)

3
!!
4

_________

f)

26
!!
3

________

Practice
Draw a picture to solve each problem. Show all your work.
1. How many pears would each person get if 14 pears are shared among
4 people?

________________________________________________________________
2. Salvador baked 3 apple tarts.
He shared them equally among 4 friends.
How much did each friend get?
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
3. Eight people won $200. How much will each persons share be?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Stretch Your Thinking

Each of 4 people got 5 cookies and !34! more.
How many cookies were shared?
__________________________________
__________________________________
83

UNIT 5
TU

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D E N B OO

10

Estimating Sums
and Differences

LESSO N

Quick Review

Here are 2 ways to estimate 4.538 & 2.417.

Write the second decimal to the nearest whole number:
4.538 & 2 $ 2.538
So, 4.538 2.417 is about 2.538.
Write both decimals to the nearest whole number:
52=3
So, 4.538 2.417 is about 3.

Try These
1. Estimate each sum.
b) 4.197 % 3.864

c) 0.765 % 1.295

____________

____________

____________

d) 5.765 % 3.189

e) 0.473 % 1.697

f) 2.008 % 3.801

____________

____________

____________

2. Estimate each difference.

84

a) 7.546 & 3.518

b) 2.476 & 1.555

____________

____________

d) 3.204 & 0.938

e) 1.497 & 0.126

____________

____________

c) 7.9 & 3.267

____________
f) 12.094 & 8.259
____________

hoo

Here are 2 ways to estimate 4.548 % 2.417.

Write each decimal to the nearest whole number:
5 % 2 $ 7 So, 4.548 + 2.417 is about 7.
Write only 1 decimal to the nearest whole number:
5 % 2.417 $ 7.417
So, 4.548 + 2.417 is about 7.417.

a) 2.54 % 7.16

me

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Practice
1. Estimate each sum or difference.
a) 27.6 " 49.23

b) 16.257 # 9.396

c) 4.875 # 2.93

d) 7.596 " 2.17

e) 13.123 # 6.959

f) 10.67 " 7.834

2. a) Joline bought a pair of skates for $79.95.

She also bought a pullover for $45.25.
Estimate the total cost of Jolines purchases.
b) Estimate how much more Joline paid for the skates than the pullover.
3. The table shows the masses of five puppies.
a) Estimate the combined masses of:

Masses of Puppies

Brutus and Zeus

Name

Mass (kg)

Tawny and Zena

Brutus

3.106

Zeus and Zara

Tawny

0.992

Zara and Tawny

Zara

1.935

Zena

2.791

Zeus

1.276

b) Estimate the difference in masses of:

Zara and Zena
Brutus and Zeus
Tawny and Zara
The heaviest and lightest puppies
4. Circle the better estimate.
a) 3.549 " 6.831

9 or 10

b) 4.316 # 0.135

3 or 4

Stretch Your Thinking

Estimate the combined mass of the five puppies.

85

UNIT 5
TU

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D E N B OO

11

Adding Decimals

LESSO N

Quick Review
Madison rode her bike 11.76 km on Saturday and 6.18 km on Sunday.
What total distance did Madison ride?
You can use place value to add 11.76 + 6.18.
First estimate.
11.76 is about 12.
6.18 is about 6.
12 + 6 = 18
Step 1:

Step 2:

Record the numbers.

Align them as they are
aligned in the
place-value chart.
11.76
+ 6.18

Tens

Ones

Tenths

Hundredths

Add as you would with

whole numbers.
1
11.76
+ 6.18
17.94

Add the hundredths.

Regroup 14 hundredths
as 1 tenth 4 ones.
Add the tenths.
Add the ones.
Add the tens.

17.94 is close to the estimate of 18, so the answer is reasonable.

Try These
1. Estimate first. Then add.
a)
3.4
b)
6.8
+ 9.3
+ 4.7

e)

86

25.2
+ 13.9

f) $43.16
+$ 8.97

c)

7.54
+ 3.62

d) $8.09
+ $7.68

g) 0.97
+ 1.23

h) 18.40
+ 26.60

Practice
1. Add. Estimate to check.
a)
9.7
b) 16.3
+ 4.9
+ 12.8

e)

35.7
+ 98.6

f) $1.54
+ $3.65

c) $4.07
+ $8.63

d) 21.60
+ 14.73

g) 6.28
+ 12.32

h) 47.37
+ 19.08

2. Play this game with a partner.

You will need paper, pencils, and a number cube, labelled 1 to 6.
The object of the game is to get the greater sum.
! Draw an addition grid like this on your paper:

! Take turns to roll the number cube. Record the number rolled in any box
in your addition grid.
! Continue until all the boxes in your grid are full.
! Add. The player with the greater sum scores 1 point.
! Play 4 more rounds to find the overall winner.
! Play the game again. This time, try to get the lesser sum.

Stretch Your Thinking

Find 2 decimals with a sum of 9.76.
Do this in as many ways as you can.
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
87

UNIT 5
TU

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D E N B OO

12

Subtracting Decimals

LESSO N

Quick Review
Joline grew 2 pumpkins in her garden.
The masses of her pumpkins are 7.05 kg and 9.84 kg.
What is the difference in the masses?
You can use place value to find 9.84 7.05.

Step 1:

Record the numbers.

Align them as they are aligned
in the place-value chart.

Ones

Tenths

Hundredths

9.84
7.05
Step 2:

Subtract as you would with whole numbers.

7 14

9.84
7.05
2.79
Add to check your answer.

Regroup 1 tenth as 10 hundredths.

Subtract the hundredths.
Subtract the tenths.
Subtract the ones.
1

7.05
+ 2.79
9.84

Try These
1. Estimate first. Then subtract.
a) 6.8
b) 8.5
4.3
0.9

88

c)

2.67
1.38

d) $12.45
$ 8.68

Practice
1. Subtract. Add to check.
a)
9.4
b) 25.8
6.8
16.9

e) 14.25
8.37

f) $ 20.15
$ 9.48

c)

7.04
2.13

g) 84.08
47.16

d)

8.62
5.74

h) 52.34
26.89

2.

a) How much more than the jacket do the jeans cost? __________________
b) Jerry paid for a baseball hat with a $10 bill.
How much change did he get? ___________________________________
c) Sylvie bought a shirt and a pair of socks. She gave the clerk $20.
How much change did she get? __________________________________
d) What is the difference in price between the least expensive and most
expensive items? ______________________________________________
e) Which 2 items have each difference in price?
$26.30 ____________________________________________________
$15.10 ____________________________________________________
$6.76 _____________________________________________________

Stretch Your Thinking

Name 2 decimals whose difference is between 9 and 10, but closer to 9.
___________________________________________________________________
89

UNIT 5
TU

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D E N B OO

13

Adding and Subtracting

Decimals

LESSO N

Quick Review

me

At Sc

At Ho

hoo

! You can use place value to add 5.763 and 3.949.

Step 1: Estimate.
Step 2: Add as you would with
Write the second decimal to
whole numbers.
the nearest whole number.
1 11
5.763
" 3.949
Add: 5.763 " 4 $ 9.763
So, 5.763 + 3.949 is about 9.763.
9.712
9.712 is close to the estimate, so the answer is reasonable.
! You can use place value to subtract 3.949 from 5.763.
Step 1: Subtract as you
Step 2: Estimate to check the
would with whole
answer is reasonable.
numbers.
Write 3.949 as 4.
4 17513
Subtract: 5.763 # 4 = 1.763
5.763
# 3.949
1.814
1.814 is close to the estimate, so the answer is reasonable.

Try These
1. Add. Estimate to check your answers.
a)

4.521
" 3.097

b)

2.168
" 0.948

c)

7.169
" 8.473

d)

6.704
" 0.491

c)

4.152
# 4.097

d)

3.652
# 1.984

2. Subtract. Estimate first. Then subtract.

a)

90

9.732
# 0.489

b)

6.371
# 1.098

Practice
1. Add. Use subtraction to check each answer.
a)

4.157
% 6.346 & 51.765

d)
5.138
% 12.349 & 51.765

b) 27.309
% 14.167 & 51.765

c)

3.187
% 4.679 & 51.765

e)

f)

36.234
% 14.875 & 51.765

0.573
% 4.497 & 51.765

2. Subtract. Use addition to check each answer.

a)

7.243
& 2.807 % 51.765

b)

4.583
& 2.338 % 51.765

c)

13.040
& 7.862 % 51.765

d)

11.431
& 8.763 % 51.765

e)

4.010
& 2.862 % 51.765

f)

73.832
& 51.765 % 51.765

3. The difference in the masses of 2 objects is 0.479 kg.

a) What might the mass of each object be? __________________________
b) What might the objects be? __________________________
4. Salvatore ran 2.457 km on Saturday and 3.169 km on Sunday.
a) How far did Salvatore run in all? __________________________
b) How much further did he run on Sunday than on Saturday?
__________________________

Stretch Your Thinking

Use each of the digits 1 to 8 once
to make this subtraction true.

.
&

.
1 . 3

7
91