AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by

Sarita Yadav
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI

ABSTRACT

This Project Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional Visitor Counter is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of persons / visitors in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. INTRODUCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 2.1 Power Supply 2.2 Enter and Exit Circuits 2.3 89S52 Microcontroller 2.4 Relay Driver Circuit

3.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Transmission Circuit 3.2 Receiver circuit

4. 5.

LIST OF COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENTS USED 5.1 Microcontroller AT89S52 5.2 TSOP1738 5.3 555 (TIMER IC) 5.4 LTS 542 5.5 LM7805 5.6 Relay Circuit

6. 7.

FLOW CHART PROGRAM

8. 9.

CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
Project title is AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER. The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons. In todays world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances. With the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life. Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

ENTER SENSOR

SIGNAL CONDITIONING

EXIT SENSOR

SIGNAL CONDITIONING

A T 8 9 S 5 2

RELAY DRIVER

LIGHT

POWER SUPPLY

7-SEGMENT DISPLAY

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consists of the following essential blocks. 1. Power Supply 2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit 3. AT89S52 micro-controller 4. Relay driver circuit 1. Power Supply:Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply. 2. Enter and Exit Circuits:This is one of the main parts of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense the person. For sensing the person we are using a TSOP 1738 sensor. By using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the number of persons.

3. 89S52 Microcontroller:It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-51TM instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful Microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution for many embedded control applications. 4. Relay Driver Circuit:This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block mainly we are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which energizes the particular relay, because of this, appropriate device is selected and which performs its allotted function.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

There are two main parts of the circuits. 1. Transmission Circuit (Infrared LEDs) 2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors)

1. Transmission Circuit:

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This circuit diagram shows how a 555 timer IC is configured to function as basic astable multivibrator. The astable multivibrator generates a square wave, the period of which is determined by the circuit external to IC 555. The astable multivibrator does not require any external trigger to change the state of the output. Hence called free running oscillator. The time during which the output is either high or low is determined by the two resistors and a capacitor which are externally connected to the 555 timer.

IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the modulated 36 kHz IR signal. The IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. Then you point it over the sensor and its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz.

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2. Receiver Circuit:

Fig. Receiver circuit The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when there is an interruption and it return back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and resistor in the circuit i.e. around 1 second. CL100 is to trigger the IC555 which is configured as monostable multivibrator. Input is given to the Port 1 of the microcontroller. Port 0 is used for the 7-Segment display purpose. Port 2 is used for the Relay Turn On and Turn off Purpose.LTS 542 (Common Anode) is used for 7-Segment display and that time Relay will get voltage and triggered, so light will get voltage and it will turn on and when counter will be 00 and at that time Relay will be turned off. Reset button will reset the microcontroller.

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Hardware Design

Infrared Sensor TSOP1738

Microcontroller AT89C52

Timer IC 555

7-Segment Display

Relay

Fig. 4.1 Snap of the entire circuit

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LIST OF COMPONENTS
Microcontroller AT89S52 IC 7805 Sensor TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor) Transformer 12-0-12, 500 mA Preset 4.7K Disc capacitor 104,33pF Reset button switch Rectifier diode IN4148 Transistor BC 547, 2N2222 7-Segment Display

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DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENTS USED

microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed insystem or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro-grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

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FEATURES: 8 KB Reprogrammable flash. 32 Programmable I/O lines. 16 bit Timer/Counter3. 8 Interrupt sources. Power range: 4V 5.5V Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz Three level program memory lock Power off flag Full duplex UART serial channel Low power idle and power down modes Interrupt recovery from power down modes 256 KB internal RAM Dual data pointer

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2.TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)

Fig. Infrared Sensor

Description: The TSOP17.. Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17.. is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes. Features: Photo detector and preamplifier in one package Internal filter for PCM frequency Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance TTL and CMOS compatibility Output active low Low power consumption

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 High immunity against ambient light Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps) Suitable burst length .10 cycles/burst Block Diagram:

Fig. Block Diagram of TSOP 173

Application Circuit:

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Fig. Application circuit

3) 555 (TIMER IC):

Fig. Timer IC (555)

Description The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by

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one external resistor and capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or drive TTL circuits.

Features: Direct replacement for SE555/NE555 Timing from microseconds through hours Operates in both astable and monostable modes Adjustable duty cycle Output can source or sink 200 mA Output and supply TTL compatible Temperature stability better than 0.005% per C Normally on and normally off output Available in 8-pin MSOP package Applications: Precision timing Pulse generation

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 Sequential timing Time delay generation Pulse width modulation Pulse position modulation Linear ramp generator

4) LTS 542 (7-Segment Display) Description: The LTS 542 is a 0.52 inch digit height single digit seven-segment display. This device utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are made from GaAsP on GaP substrate, and has a red face and red segment.

Fig.7 Segment Display Features: Common Anode

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 0.52 Inch Digit Height Continuous Uniform Segments Low power Requirement Excellent Characters Appearance High Brightness & High Contrast Wide Viewing Angle

5) LM7805 (Voltage Regulator)

Fig. Voltage Regulator Description: The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can
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deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. Features: Output Current up to 1A Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V Thermal Overload Protection Short Circuit Protection Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

6) RELAY CIRCUIT:

Fig. Relay

A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which cannot be provided by the microcontroller. So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates and

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releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases.

FLOW CHART

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Fig. 4.7 Flow Chart

If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will

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increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is first time interrupted. If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off, and light will be turned off.

PROGRAM

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// Program to make a bidirectional visitor counter using IR sensor #include <reg51.h> #define msec 1 unsigned int num=0; sbit dig_ctrl_4=P2^6; //declare the control pins of seven segments sbit dig_ctrl_3=P2^5; sbit dig_ctrl_2=P2^6; sbit dig_ctrl_1=P2^5; sbit relay1 = P2^0; sbit pin = P3^7; unsigned char digi_val[11]={0xFE,0x18,0x6D,0x3d,0x1B,0X37,0x77,0x1C,0xfF,0x3F}; unsigned int dig_1,dig_2,dig_3,dig_4,test=0; unsigned char dig_disp=0; sbit up=P1^0; //up pin to make counter count up sbit down=P1^1; //down pin to make counter count down void delay(int x) { char y = 200; pin = !pin; while((x--)) { while((y--)); } } void init() // to initialize the output pins and Timer0 { up=down=1; dig_ctrl_4 = 0; dig_ctrl_3 = 0; dig_ctrl_2 = 0; dig_ctrl_1 = 0; relay1 = 0; TMOD=0x01; TL0=0xf6; TH0=0xFf;
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IE=0x82; TR0=1; P0=0x00; } void delay1() //To provide a small time delay { TMOD=0x01; TL0=0x36; TH0=0xF6; TR0=1; while(TF0==0); TR0=0; TF0=0; } void display() interrupt 1 // Function to display the digits on seven segment. For more details refer seven segment multiplexing. { TL0=0x36; TH0=0xf6; P0=0xFF; dig_ctrl_1 = dig_ctrl_3 = dig_ctrl_2 = dig_ctrl_4 = 0; dig_disp++; dig_disp=dig_disp%2; switch(dig_disp) { case 0: P0= ~digi_val[dig_1]; dig_ctrl_1 = 1; break; case 1: P0= ~digi_val[dig_2]; dig_ctrl_2 = 1; break; case 2: P0= ~digi_val[dig_3];
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dig_ctrl_3 = 1; break; case 3: P0= ~digi_val[dig_4]; dig_ctrl_4 = 1; break; } } void main() { unsigned int cnt=0; init(); relay1 = 0; dig_ctrl_2 = 0; dig_ctrl_1 = 0; cnt = 0; relay1 = 1; delay(100); relay1 = 0; delay(100); while(1) { if(up==1) { cnt=0; delay(1000); if(down==1) { if(test<99)test++; dig_2=test%10; dig_1=test/10; relay1 = 1; } } if(down==1) { cnt=0;
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delay(1000); if(up==1) { if(test>0)test--; if(test == 0) { relay1 = 0; } dig_2=test%10; dig_1=test/10; } } } }

CONCLUSION
Here by we come to the end of our project AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT

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CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONL VISITOR COUNTER. Application of this project For counting purposes For automatic room light control Advantages of this project Low cost Easy to use Implement in single door Future Expansion By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various applications such as fans, tube lights, etc. By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of opening and closing the door.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 Reference Books Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems: MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA

Website
www.datasheets4u.com www.datasheetcatalog.com www.8051.com

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