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5.linear Momentum of System of Particle

The document discusses the linear momentum of a system of particles. It defines the total linear momentum of a system as the vector sum of the individual momenta of each particle in the system. It states that the total momentum of a system equals the product of the total mass and velocity of the system's center of mass. It further explains that the linear momentum of a system remains constant if the net external force on the system is zero, which is the law of conservation of momentum.

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imrran324
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226 views

5.linear Momentum of System of Particle

The document discusses the linear momentum of a system of particles. It defines the total linear momentum of a system as the vector sum of the individual momenta of each particle in the system. It states that the total momentum of a system equals the product of the total mass and velocity of the system's center of mass. It further explains that the linear momentum of a system remains constant if the net external force on the system is zero, which is the law of conservation of momentum.

Uploaded by

imrran324
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Momentum of system of particles For the system of n particles, the linear momentum of the system is defined to be the

vector sum of all individual particles of the system-

P p1 p2 .... pn or
MV m1v1 m2v2 ...... mn vn

Here v1 , v2 ,.....vn are the velocities of the respective particles. So we can write

P MV
Thus, the total momentum of a system of particles is equal to the product of the total mass of the system and the velocity of its centre of mass. Differentiating it w.r.t time we get-(Newtons 2nd law of motion )

dP dV M MA dt dt
As we know internal forces of body does not affect the velocity of COM so as the linear momentum. So we can write-

dP Fext dt
Now suppose sum of external force acting on the body is zero then-

dP 0 dt
Thus, when the total external force acting on a system of particles is zero, the total linear momentum of the system is constant. This is the law of conservation of the total linear momentum of a system of particles. This means velocity of COM remain constant as we assume total mass is also constant. Que1) A person is sitting in the compartment of a train moving with uniform velocity on a smooth track. How will the linear momentum of centre of mass of compartment change if the person begins to run in the compartment?

Answer:- We know that linear momentum of centre of mass of a system changes only when an external force acts on it. The person and the compartment form one system on which no external force is applied when the person begins to run. Therefore, there will be no change in linear momentum of centre of mass of the compartment.

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