PETROLEUM REFINERY ENGINEERING (CHL 794) DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, IITD TUTORIAL SHEET -4 Recovery of natural-gas liquids (NGL)

from natural gas is quite common in natural gas processing. Recovery is usually done to: Produce transportable gas (free from heavier hydrocarbons which may condense in the pipeline). Meet a sales gas specification. Maximize liquid recovery (when liquid products are more valuable than gas). HYSYS can model a wide range of different column configurations. In this simulation, an NGL Plant will be constructed, consisting of three columns: De-Methanizer (operated and modelled as a Reboiled Absorber column) De-Ethanizer (Distillation column) De-Propanizer (Distillation column) Column Overviews: DC1: De-Methanizer:

DC2: De-Ethanizer:

DC3: De-Propanizer:

PROCEDURE: Defining the Simulation Basis 1. Start a new case. 2. Select the Peng Robinson EOS. 3. Add the components: N2, CO2, C1 - C8. 4. Enter the Simulation Environment. Adding the Feed Streams 1. Add a Material Stream with the following data:

2. Add another Material Stream with the following data.

Adding De-Methanizer The De-Methanizer is modelled as a reboiled absorber operation, with two feed streams and an energy stream feed, which represents a side heater on the column. 1. Add an Energy stream with the following values:

2. Double-click on the Reboiled Absorber icon on the Object Palette. The first InputExpert view appears.

3. Complete the view as shown below:

4. Click the Next button to proceed to the next page. 5. Supply the following information to the Pressure Estimates page. If you are using field units, the values will be 330 psia and 335 psia, for the Top Stage Pressure and Reboiler Pressure, respectively.

6. Click the Next button to proceed to the next page. 7. Enter the temperature estimates shown below. In field units, the top stage temperature estimate will be -125F, and the reboiler temperature estimate will be 80F.

8. Click the Next button to continue. 9. For this case, no information is supplied on the last page of the Input Expert, so click the Done button.

When you click the Done button, HYSYS will open the Column property view. Access the Monitor page on the Design tab.

Before you converge the column, make sure that the specifications are as shown above. You will have to enter the value for the Ovhd Prod Rate specification. The specified value is 1338kgmole/h (2950 lbmole/hr). Once this value is entered, the column will start running and should converge.

What is the mole fraction of Methane in DC1 Ovhd? ____________ Although the column is converged, it is not always practical to have flow rate specifications. These specifications can result in columns which cannot be converged or that produce product streams with undesirable properties if the column feed conditions change. An alternative approach is to specify either component fractions or component recoveries for the column product streams. 1. Go to the Specs page on the Design tab of the Column property view.

2. Click the Add button in the Column Specifications group to create a new specification. 3. Select Column Component Fraction from the list that appears.

4. Click the Add Spec(s) button. 5. Complete the spec as shown in the following figure.

6. When you are done, close the view. The Monitor page of the Column property view shows 0 Degrees of Freedom even though you have just added another specification. This is due to the fact that the specification was added as an estimate, not as an active specification. 7. Go to the Monitor page. Deactivate the Ovhd Prod Rate as an active specification and activate the Comp Fraction specification which you created.

What is the flowrate of the overhead product, DC1 Ovhd? ______________ Once the column has converged, you can view the results on the Performance tab.

Adding a Pump The pump is used to move the De-Methanizer bottom product to the DeEthanizer. Install a pump and enter the following information:

PROBLEMS: De-Ethanizer A) The De-Ethanizer column is modeled as a distillation column, with 16 stages, 14 trays in the column, plus the reboiler and condenser. It operates at a pressure of 2760 kPa (400 psia). The objective of this column is to produce a bottom product that has a ratio of ethane to propane of 0.01. 1. Double-click on the Distillation Column button on the Object Palette and enter the following information.

2. Click the Run button to run the column. What is the flowrate of C2 and C3 in DC2 Btms? C2__________, C3____________, Ratio of C2/C3_____________ 3. On the Specs page, click the Add button to create a new specification. 4. Select Column Component Ratio as the specification type and provide the following information:

5. On the Monitor tab, deactivate the Ovhd Vap Rate specification and activate the C2/C3 specification which you created.

What is the flowrate of DC2 Ovhd? _________________ Adding a Valve A valve is required to reduce the pressure of the stream DC2 Btm before it enters the final column, the De-Propanizer. Add a Valve operation and provide the following information:

B) The De-Propanizer column is represented by a distillation column consisting of 25 stages, 24 trays in the column plus the reboiler. (Note that a total condenser does not count as a stage). It operates at 1620 kPa (235 psia). There are two process objectives for this column. One is to produce an overhead product that contains no more than 1.50 mole percent of i-C4 and n-C4 and the second is that the concentration of propane in the bottom product should be less than 2.0 mole percent. 1. Add a distillation column and provide the following information:

2. Run the column. What is the mole fraction of C3 in the overhead and bottoms products? _______ and ______ 3. Create two new Component Fraction specifications for the column.

4. Deactivate the Distillate Rate and Reflux Ratio specifications. 5. Activate the iC4, and nC4, and C3 specifications which you created.