Problem Solutions: V S SC Ts Vs SC R Ts SRC
Problem Solutions: V S SC Ts Vs SC R Ts SRC
Problem Solutions
7.1
a.
T (s) =
T (s) =
V0 ( s )
Vi ( s )
1/ ( sC1 )
1/ ( sC1 ) + R1
1
1 + sR1C1
b.
fH 159 Hz
fH =
1
1
=
f H = 159 Hz
2 R1C1 2 (103 )(106 )
c.
V0 ( s ) = Vi ( s )
1
1 + sR1C1
1
s
K
K2
1
1
= 1+
V0 ( s ) =
s 1 + sR1C1
s 1 + sR1C1
=
=
K1 (1 + sR1C1 ) + K 2 s
s (1 + sR1C1 )
K1 + s ( K1 R1C1 + K 2 )
s (1 + sR1C1 )
K 2 = K1 R1C1 and K1 = 1
V0 ( s ) =
R1C1
1
+
s 1 + sR1C1
1
1
1
s
+s
R1C1
v0 ( t ) = 1 e t / R1C1
7.2
a.
T (s) =
T (s) =
b.
V0 ( s )
Vi ( s )
R2
R2 + 1/ ( sC2 )
sR2 C2
1 + sR2 C2
fL 1.59 Hz
1
1
fL =
=
f L = 1.59 Hz
4
2 R2 C2 2 (10 )(10 106 )
c.
V0 ( s ) = Vi ( s )
sR2 C2
1 + sR2 C2
Vi ( s ) =
1
s
V0 ( s ) =
R2 C2
1
=
1 + sR2 C2 s + 1
R2 C2
v0 ( t ) = e t / R2C2
7.3
a.
1
sCP
T (s) =
=
Vi ( s )
1
1
RP &
+ RS +
sCP
sCS
1
RP
sCP
RP
1
RP &
=
=
sCP R + 1
1 + sRP CP
P
sCP
Then
RP
T (s) =
1
RP + RS +
(1 + sRP CP )
sCS
V0 ( s )
RP &
RP
RP CP
1
RP + RS +
+
+ sRS RP CP
CS
sCS
RP
T (s) =
RP + RS
b.
sRP RS
RP
C
1
P+
+
CP
1/ 1 +
RP + RS CS s ( RS + RP ) CS RS + RP
11
1
10 10 10
3
11
1/
1
5
10
10
T (s) =
s
+
+
(
)
6
s ( 2 104 ) 106
10 + 10 20 10
1
1
1
2 1+
+ s ( 5 108 )
s ( 0.02 )
s = j
T ( j ) =
T ( j ) =
1
1 + j ( 5 108 )
( 0.02 )
1
1
For L =
=
= 50
4
( RS + RR ) CS ( 2 10 )(106 )
1
1
1 + j ( 50 ) ( 5 108 )
( 50 )( 0.02 )
1 1
1 1
T ( j ) =
2 1 j
2 2
For
H =
( RS & RP ) CP
( 5 103 )(1011 )
= 2 107
1 + j ( 2 107 )( 5 108 )
( 2 107 ) ( 0.02 )
1 1
1 1
T ( j ) =
T ( j )
2 1+ j
2 2
T ( j ) =
In each case, T ( j ) =
c.
RP
2 RP + RS
RS = RP = 10 k, CS = CP = 0.1 F
T (s) =
1 1 1
1
3
7
1/ 1 + +
+
s
5
10
10
(
)( )
2 2 1 s 2 104 (107 )
s = j
T ( j ) =
1
1
1 + + j ( 5 104 )
2
( 2 103 )
1
= 500
For =
4
( 2 10 )(107 )
T ( j ) =
( 500 ) ( 2 103 )
1
1
=
T ( j ) = 0.298
2 1.5 j ( 0.75 )
For =
( 5 10 )(10 )
7
= 2 103
1
1
1
1
=
T ( j ) = 0.298
2 1.5 + j ( 0.75 )
T ( j ) =
7.4
Circuit (a):
V
R2
T= 0 =
Vi
1
R2 +
sC1
RP
2 RP + RS
R2
R1 (1/ sC1 )
R2 +
R1 + (1/ sC1 )
R2
R2 +
R1
1 + sR1C1
R2 (1 + sR1C1 )
R2 + sR1 R2 C1 + R1
or
(1 + sR1C1 )
Vo
R2
=
Vi R1 + R2 1 + sR1 R2 C1
Low frequency:
Vo
R2
20
2
=
=
=
Vi
R1 + R2 10 + 20 3
High frequency:
Vo
=1
Vi
= 1.59 Hz
2 1
1.59
2.39
Circuit (b):
1
sC2
R2
V
1 + sR2 C2
T= o =
=
R2
Vi
1
+ R1
R2
+ R1
sR
+
1
sC2
2 C2
R2
R2
1
=
R1 + R2 1 + s ( R1 R2 ) C2
Low frequency:
Vo
R2
20
2
=
=
=
Vi
R1 + R2 20 + 10 3
1
2
= 2.39 Hz
1
= 2.39 Hz
2 2
0.67
2.39
7.5
a.
rS = ( Ri + RP ) CS = [30 + 10] 103 10 106 rS = 0.40 s
1
1
=
f H = 424 kHz
2 rP 2 ( 0.375 106 )
T ( s ) = Ri R P = 30 10 T ( s ) = 7.5 k
c.
7.5 k
fH
fL
7.6
(a)
T=
T
(1 + j 2 f )
max
=1
At f =
T =
1
1 + ( 2 f )
1
1 + ( 2 f )
1
1
1
T =
=
2
2
2
1 + (1)
1
= 20 log10 T dB 6 dB
2
1
Phase = 2 tan ( 2 f ) = 2 tan 1 (1) = 2 ( 45 ) Phase = 90
(b)
Slope = 2 ( 6dB / oct ) = 12dB / oct = 40dB / decade
T
dB
7.7
(a)
10 ( j )
T ( j ) =
T =
j
j
20 1 +
( 2000 ) 1 +
20
2000
5 103
4
= 2.5 10 ( j )
=
j
j
j
j
1 +
1 +
1 +
1 +
2000
20
2000
2.5 104 ( )
1+ 1+
20
2000
2
T
5 103
2.5 104
20
2000
(b)
j
10
T ( j ) =
j
1000 1 +
1000
(10 )(10 ) 1 +
T =
( 0.10 )
1+
10
1+
1000
T
10
0.10
10
1000
7.8
(a)
T (s) =
105
10
10
10
=
500 j j
+ 1
+ 1
10
500
5
5
5
+ 1
+ 1
10 500
T
0.02
10
(b)
(c)
(d)
500
(rod/s)
7.9
(a)
T ( s) =
T ( j ) =
2 104
( S + 10 )( S + 10 )
3
2 104
(10 )(10 )
3
1
S
S
3 + 1 5 + 1
10
10
2 104
j
j
3 + 1 5 + 1
10
10
T
2 104
10 3
(b)
(c)
(d)
2 10
10 5
(rod/s)
= 103 rad/s
no low freq 3dB freq.
7.10
a.
r
V0 = g mV RL V = Vi
+
r
R
S
r
5.2
T = g m RL = ( 29 )( 6 )
5.2 + 0.5
r + RS
Tmidband = 159
b.
rS = ( RS + r ) CC
1
1
1
fL =
rS =
=
rS = 5.31 ms Open-circuit
2 rS
2 f L 2 ( 30 )
rP =
1
1
=
P = 0.332 s Short-circuit
2 f H 2 ( 480 103 )
c.
rS
5.31 103
=
CC = 0.932 F
( RS + ) ( 0.5 + 5.2 ) 103
CC =
rP = RL CL
rP 0.332 106
=
CL = 55.3 pF
RL
6 103
CL =
(100 )( 0.026 )
= 0.343 k
7.59
7.59
= 292 mA/V
gm =
0.026
Ri = R1 R2 r + (1 + ) RE
= 10 1.5 0.343 + (101)( 0.1)
= 1.30 10.44 Ri = 1.159 k
r = ( RS + Ri ) CC = [ 0.5 + 1.16] 103 0.1 106
r = 1.659 104 s
fL =
1
1
=
f L = 959 Hz
2 r 2 (1.66 104 )
b.
RS
Rib
V
Vi
V0
Ib
R1R2
gmV
RC
RE
V0 = ( I b ) RC
R1b = r + (1 + ) RE
= 0.343 + (101)( 0.1) = 10.44 k
R1 R2
Ib =
I
R R + R i
ib
1 2
1.30
=
I i = ( 0.111) I i
1.30 + 10.4
Vi
Ii =
RS + R1 R2 Rib
=
Ii =
V0
=
Vi
Vi
0.5 + (1.3) (10.44 )
Vi
1.659
RC ( 0.111)
1.659
V0
Vi
midband
1.659
V0
Vi
= 6.69
midband
c.
6.69
VV
0
i
fL 959 Hz
7.14
I DQ = 0.5 mA VS = ( 0.5 )( 0.5 ) = 0.25 V
0.5
+ 1.5 = 3.08 V
0.2
+ VS = 3.08 + 0.25 VG = 3.33 V
VG = VGS
R2
1
VG =
VDD 3.33 = Rin VDD
+
R
R
R
1
2
1
1
3.33 = ( 200 )( 9 ) R1 = 541 k
R1
541R2
= 200 R2 = 317 k
541 + R2
VD = VDSQ + VS = 4.5 + 0.25 = 4.75
9 4.75
RD = 8.5 k
0.5
1
1
1
fL =
rL =
=
= 7.96 ms
2 rL
2 f L 2 ( 20 )
RD =
rL = Rin CC CC =
rL
7.96 103
=
CC = 0.0398 F
200 103
Rin
midband
( 0.632 )(8.5)
g m RD
=
Av = 4.08
1 + g m RS 1 + ( 0.632 )( 0.5 )
4.08
fL 20 Hz
Phase
fL
90
135
180
7.15
I DQ
Kn
+ VTN =
1
+ 1 = 2.414 V
0.5
VS = 2.414 V
2.414 ( 5 )
RS =
VD = VDSQ
RS = 2.59 k
1
+ VS = 3 2.414 = 0.586 V
5 0.59
RD = 4.41 k
1
RD =
b.
CC
Vi
RG
Vgs
gmVgs
RD
RS
RD
I 0 = ( g mVgs )
R +R + 1
L
D
sCC
Vi
Vgs =
1 + g m RS
I0 ( s )
Vi ( s )
T (s) =
=
c.
gm
sCC
RD
1 + g m RS
1 + s ( RD + RL ) CC
I0 ( s )
Vi ( s )
s ( RD + RL ) CC
g m RD
1
1 + g m RS RD + RL 1 + s ( RD + RL ) CC
I0
RL
fL =
1
1
1
rL =
=
= 15.92 ms
2 rL
2 f L 2 (10 )
rL = ( RD + RL ) CC CC =
rL
15.9 103
=
CC = 1.89 F
RD + RL ( 4.41 + 4 ) 103
7.16
a.
9 VSG
2
= I D = K P (VSG + VTP )
RS
2
9 VSG = ( 0.5 )(12 ) (VSG
4VSG + 4 )
2
6VSG
23VSG + 15 = 0
VSG =
( 23)
23
4 ( 6 )(15 )
2 ( 6)
VSG = 3 V
1
RS = 1 12 Ro = 0.923 k
gm
b.
r = ( R0 + RL ) CC
c.
fL =
CC =
1
2
r=
1
2 f L
1
= 7.96 ms
2 ( 20 )
7.96 103
r
=
CC = 0.729 F
Ro + RL ( 0.923 + 10 ) 103
7.17
a.
1
= 0.00833 mA
120
R1 || R2 = ( 0.1)(1 + )( RE )
= ( 0.1)(121)( 4 ) = 48.4 k
I CQ = 1 mA, I BQ =
(120 )( 0.026 )
1
= 3.12 k
80
= 80 k
1
3.12
R0 =
4 80 = 0.02579 4 80 R0 = 25.6
121
c.
r0 =
r = ( R0 + RL ) CC 2
1
1
=
f = 19.8 Hz
2 r 2 ( 8.05 103 )
7.18
(a)
5 0.7
= 1.075 mA I CQ = 1.064 mA
4
= 10 (1.064 )( 2 ) (1.075 )( 4 )
= 3.57 V
I EQ =
VCEQ
VCEQ
gm =
r =
I CQ
VT
VT
1.064
= 40.92 mA/V
0.026
I CQ
(100 )( 0.026 )
1.064
= 2.44 K
(b)
For CC1 , Req1 = RS + RE
r
2440
= 200 + 4000
1+
101
2 = Req 2 Cc 2 = 49 ms
f1 =
(c)
1
2 1
2 (1.053 103 )
f1 = 151 Hz
7.19
(a)
H = ( RC RL ) CL = ( 2 47 ) 103 10 1012
= 1.918 108 s
fH =
1
2 H
2 (1.918 108 )
(b)
1
1 + ( f .2 H )
= 0.1
2
1
= 100 = 1 + ( f .2 H )
0.1
f =
99
2 H
2 (1.918 108 )
f = 82.6 MHz
7.20
(a)
99
f H = 8.30 MHz
5 VSG
2
= K P (VSG + VTP )
R1
2
5 VSG = (1)(1.2 )(VSG 1.5 ) = (1.2 ) (VSG
3VSG + 2.25 )
2
2
1.2VSG
2.6VSG 2.3 = 0 VSG = 2.84 V
I DQ = 1.8 mA
VSDQ = 10 (1.8 )(1.2 + 1.2 ) VSDQ = 5.68 V
g m = 2 K P I DQ = 2 (1)(1.8 ) = 2.683 mA / V
ro =
(b)
Ris =
1
1
=
= 0.3727 k
g m 2.68
(c)
CC2 dominates,
1
1
f 3 dB =
=
= 3.1 Hz
2 s 2 2 ( 51.2 103 )
7.21
Assume VTN = 1V , kn = 80 A / V 2 , = 0
Neglecting RSi = 200 , Midband gain is:
Av = g m RD
95
RD = 20 k
0.2
We need g m =
Av
RD
10
k W
= 0.5 mA / V 2 and g m = 2 K n I DQ = 2 n I DQ
20
2 L
W
0.080 W
or 0.5 = 2
= 7.81
( 0.2 )
L
2 L
Let
9
9
R1 + R2 =
=
= 225 k
( 0.2 ) I DQ ( 0.2 )( 0.2 )
R2
2
R2
0.080
I DQ = 0.2 =
(9 ) =
( 7.81)(VGS 1) VGS = 1.80 =
(9)
2
225
R1 + R2
R2 = 45 k , R1 = 180 k
RTH = R1 R2 = 180 45 = 36 k
1 =
1
2 f1
1
7.96 104
= 7.958 104 s = ( RSi + RTH ) CC or CC =
2 ( 200 )
( 200 + 36 103 )
CC = 0.022 F
2 =
7.22
a.
1
2 f 2
2 ( 3 x103 )
= 5.305 105 s = RD CL or CL =
5.31 105
CL = 2.65 nF
20 103
T (s) =
T (s) =
R2 + (1/ sC )
R2 + (1/ sC ) + R1
1 + sR2 C
1 + s ( R1 + R2 ) C
rA = R2 C , rB = ( R1 + R2 ) C
b.
T
1
0.0909
fA
fB
c.
rA = R2 C = (103 )(100 1012 ) = 107 s = rA
fA
1
1
=
f A = 1.59 MHz
2 rA 2 (107 )
fB
1
1
=
f B = 0.145 MHz
2 rB 2 (1.1 106 )
7.23
I BQ =
10 0.7
= 0.00997 mA
430 + ( 201)( 2.5 )
I CQ = ( 200 ) I BQ = 1.995 mA
r =
( 200 )( 0.026 )
= 2.61 k
1.99
Rib = 2.61 + ( 201)( 2.5 ) = 505 k
s =
2 f L
1
= 0.0106 s
2 (15 )
VT
I CQ
( 200 )( 0.026 )
3.71
= 1.40 K
L = Req CC
fL =
CC =
7.25
1
2 L
L
Req
L =
1
2 f
1
= 7.958 103 s
2 ( 20 )
7.958 103
CC = 0.0658 F
121 103
(100 )( 0.026 )
31.9
= 0.0815 k
1
C >> C and f =
C1
C2
f 3 dB ( CC 2 ) = 25 Hz =
1
2 2
, so that 2 =
1
= 0.006366 s = Req CC 2
2 ( 25 )
where
r + R1 R2 RS
Req = RL + RE
1+
0.00637
Req = 12.64 CC 2 =
CC 2 = 504 F
12.6
Rib = r + (1 + ) RE Assume CC 2 an open
Rib = 81.5 + (101)( 50 ) = 5132
1 = (100 ) 2 = (100 )( 0.006366 ) = 0.6366 s = Req1CC1
Req1 = RS + RTH Rib = 300 + 600 5132 = 837.2
So CC1 =
0.6366
CC1 = 760 F
837.2
7.26
From Problem 7.25 RTH = 0.6 K, I CQ = 31.9 mA, r = 81.5
1
so f 3 dB ( CC 2 ) f 3 dB ( CC1 )
2
Then f 3 dB ( CC 2 ) CC1 acts as an open circuit and for f 3 dB ( CC1 ) CC 2 acts as a short circuit.
C 2 C1 and f =
f 3 dB ( CC1 ) = 20 Hz =
1
2 C1
C1 = 0.007958 s
CC1 =
C2
r + RTH
Req 2 = RL + RE
= 10 + 50
1+
Req 2 = 10 + 50 6.748 = 15.95
0.7958
CC 2 =
CC 2 = 0.050 F
15.95
7.27
a.
81.5 + 600
101
I D = K n (VGS VTN )
VGS =
ID
0.5
+ VTN =
+ 0.8 = 1.8 V
Kn
0.5
VGS ( 5 )
5 1.8
RS = 6.4 k
0.5
0.5
VD = VDSQ + VS = 4 1.8 = 2.2 V
5 2.2
RD =
RD = 5.6 k
0.5
(b)
RS =
gm = 2 Kn I D = 2
( 0.5 )( 0.5 ) = 1 mA / V
= 3.2 102 s
1
1
=
f A = 4.97 Hz
fA =
2 rA 2 ( 3.2 102 )
6.4 103
6
( 5 10 )
CS =
+
1
1
6.4
(
)(
)
= 4.32 103 s
1
1
=
f B = 36.8 Hz
fB =
2 rB 2 ( 4.32 103 )
RS
rB =
1 + g m RS
c.
g m RD (1 + sRS CS )
Av =
RS
1
+
g m RS
(1 + g m RS ) 1 + s
CS
As RS becomes large
g m RD ( sRS CS )
Av
R
( g m RS ) 1 + s S CS
g m RS
1
CS
gm
( g m RD ) s
Av =
1
1+ s
gm
CS
( 0.5 )( 0.5 ) = 1 mA / V
1
f B = 31.8 Hz
1
6
2 3 ( 5 10 )
10
7.28
a.
1
and the corresponding f A 0
2 (1/ g m ) CS
fB =
RE ( RS + r ) CE
1
and rB =
2 rB
RS + r + (1 + ) RE
For RS = 0 rB =
I EQ =
RE r CE
r + (1 + ) RE
0.7 ( 10 )
5
= 1.86 mA
= 75 I CQ = 1.84 mA
= 125 I CQ = 1.85 mA
For f B 200 Hz rB
1
= 0.796 ms
2 ( 200 )
= 75; r =
( 75)( 0.026 )
= 1.06 k
1.84
( 5 103 ) (1.06 ) CE C = 57.2 F
0.796 103 =
E
1.06 + ( 76 )( 5 )
b.
(125 )( 0.026 )
For = 125; r =
= 1.76 k
1.85
5 103 ) (1.76 ) ( 57.2 106 )
(
rB =
= 0.797 ms
1.76 + (126 )( 5 )
fB =
1
1
=
f B = 199.7 Hz Essentially independent of .
2 rB 2 ( 0.797 103 )
1
1
=
f A = 0.556 Hz Independent of .
2 rA 2 ( 0.286 )
7.29
a.
Expression for the voltage gain is the same as Equation (7.66) with RS = 0.
b.
rA = RE CE
RE r CE
rB =
r + (1 + ) RE
7.30
5 0.7
I C = 0.99 mA
= 1 mA = I E
4.3
VT (100 )( 0.026 )
r =
=
= 2.626 K
0.99
I CQ
rA = RE CE = ( 4.3 103 )( 5 106 ) = 2.15 10 2 s
rB =
fA =
1
1
=
= 7.40 Hz
2 rA 2 ( 2.15 102 )
fB =
1
1
=
= 1.23 103 = 1.23 kHz
2 rB 2 (1.292 104 )
Av
w0
Av
(100 )( 2 )
RC
=
= 0.458
r + (1 + ) RE 2.626 + (101)( 4.3)
RC
r
(100 )( 2 )
2.626
= 76.2
A
76.2
0.458
7.40 Hz
1.23 kHz
7.31
rH = ( RL RC ) CL = (10 5 ) 103 15 1012
rH = 5 108 s
1
1
=
f H = 3.18 MHz
2 rH 2 ( 5 108 )
fH =
10 0.7
= 0.93 mA, I CQ = 0.921 mA
10
0.921
gm =
= 35.4 mA/V
0.026
Av = g m ( RC RL ) = 35.4 ( 5 10 ) Av = 118
I EQ =
7.32
R2
VG =
VDD
R1 + R2
ID =
166
=
(10 )
166 + 234
= 4.15 V
VG VGS
2
= K n (VGS VTN )
RS
R0 = RS
R0 = 0.282 k
r = ( R0 RL ) CL and f H =
f H = 5 MHz r =
CL =
7.33
r
R0 RL
1
2 r
1
2 ( 5 106 )
= 3.18 108 s
3.18 108
CL = 121 pF
( 0.282 4 ) 103
(a) Low-frequency
RS
CC
Vo
Vs
RB
RC
RL
gmV
Mid-Band
RS
Vo
Vs
RB
RC
RL
gmV
High-frequency
RS
Vo
Vs
RB
V
RC
gmV
(b)
Am
fL
fH
(c)
12 0.7
= 11.3 A
1 M
= 1.13 mA
I BQ =
I CQ
r =
(100 )( 0.026 )
= 2.3 k
1.13
1.13
gm =
= 43.46 mA / V
0.026
Am =
R R
V0
( midband ) = g m ( RC RL ) B
Vs
RB r + RS
1000 2.3
= ( 43.46 ) ( 5.1 500 )
1000 2.3 + 1
2.29
= ( 43.46 )( 5.05 )
Am = 153
2.29 + 1
Am dB = 43.7 dB
RL
CL
fL =
1
2 L
1
, H = ( RC RL ) CL L = ( 5.1 500 ) 103 (10 1012 )
2 H
7.34
a.
V0
Vi
Vsg
RD
gmVsg
RL
CL
1
V0 = ( g mVsg ) R0 RL
sCL
Vsg = Vi
Av ( s ) =
V0 ( s )
1
= g m RD RL
Vi ( s )
sCL
1
RD RL
sC
L
= gm
1
RD RL +
sCL
Av ( s ) = g m ( RD RL )
b.
c.
1
1 + s ( RD RL ) CL
r = ( RD RL ) CL
1
1
=
f H = 2.39 MHz
2 r 2 ( 6.67 108 )
fT =
gm
2 ( C + C )
I CQ
gm =
fT =
1
= 38.46 mA/V
0.026
VT
38.46 103
2 (10 + 2 ) 1012
fT = 510 MHz
fT
f =
510
f = 4.25 MHz
120
5000 MHz
f = 33.3 MHz
150
gm
7.39
fT
f =
fT =
2 ( C + C )
0.5
= 19.23 mA/V
0.026
19.2 10 3
5 109 =
2 ( C + 0.15 ) 1012
gm =
C + 0.15 =
19.2 103
2 (1012 )( 5 109 )
= 0.612 pF
C = 0.462 pF
7.40
f =
a.
fT
2000 MHz
= 13.3 MHz = f
150
b.
h fe =
150
1 + j ( f / f )
h fe =
150
1 + ( f / f )
= 10
f 150 2
1+ =
= 225
f 10
f = f 224 = (13.33) 224 f = 199.6 MHz
7.41
(a)
V0 = g mV RL where
1
sC1
r
1 + sr C1
V =
Vi =
Vi
r
1
+ rb
r
+ rb
1 + sr C1
sC1
r
r
r
1
Vi =
Vi
r + rb + srb r C1
r + rb 1 + s ( rb r ) C1
So Av ( s ) =
V0 ( s )
r
1
= g m RL
Vi ( s )
r + rb 1 + s ( rb r ) C1
(100 )( 0.026 )
= 2.6 k , g m =
1
= 38.46 mA / V
0.026
(i)
For rb = 100
(ii)
2.6
Av1 = ( 38.46 )( 4 )
Av1 = 148.1
2.6 + 0.1
For rb = 500
(c)
(i)
2.6
Av 2 = ( 38.46 )( 4 )
Av 2 = 129.0
2.6 + 0.5
1
, = ( rb r ) C1
f 3 dB =
2
For rb = 100
(ii)
For rb = 500
7.42
(b)
f = 10 kHz = 104
Z i = 200 +
) (1.333 10 )
4 2
6 2
(c)
Z i = 200 +
) (1.333 10 )
5 2
6 2
(d)
Z i = 200 +
) (1.333 10 )
6 2
6 2
7.43
a.
CM = C (1 + g m RL )
b.
RBRS
rb
V0
RB
Vi
RB RS
V
CM
gmV
RL
V0 = g mV RL
r
V =
Let C + CM = Ci
1
sCi
RB
Vi
R + RS
1
r
+ RB RS + rb B
sC1
Av ( s ) =
Vo ( s )
Vi ( s )
sCi
r +
RB
sCi
= g m RL
RB + RS r 1
sCi
+ RB & RS + rb
1
r +
sCi
RB
r
= g m RL
RB + RS r + (1 + sr Ci ) ( RB RS + rb )
Let Req = ( RB RS + rb )
RB
Av ( s ) = RL
RB + RS
Av ( s ) =
c.
( r + Req ) 1 + s r Req Ci
RL RB
1
r + Req RB + RS 1 + s r Req Ci
fH =
2 r Req Ci
7.44
High Freq. CC1 , CC 2 , CE short circuits
C
V0
IS
R1R2 V
gmV
RC
RL
I0
gm =
fT =
I CQ
VT
5
= 192.3 mA/V
0.026
gm
2 ( C + C )
250 106 =
192 103
2 ( C + C )
CM = C 1 + g m ( RC RL )
= 5 1 + (192.3) (1 1) CM = 485.8 pF
Ci = C + CM = 117 + 485 = 603 pF
r =
( 200 )( 0.026 )
= 1.04 k
f =
2 r
2 ( 5.19 107 )
f = 307 kHz
7.45
RTH = R1 R2 = 60 5.5 = 5.04 k
R2
5.5
VTH =
VCC =
(15 ) = 1.26 V
5.5 + 60
R1 + R2
1.26 0.7
I BQ =
= 0.0222 mA
5.04 + (101)( 0.2 )
I CQ = 2.22 mA
r =
(100 )( 0.026 )
= 1.17 k
2.22
2.22
gm =
= 85.4 mA/V
0.026
Lower 3 dB frequency:
rL = Req CC1
Req = RS + R1 R2 r
= 2 + 60 5.5 1.17 = 2.95 k
rL = ( 2.95 103 )( 0.1 106 ) = 2.95 104 s
fL =
1
1
=
f L = 540 Hz
2 rL 2 ( 2.95 104 )
Upper 3 dB frequency:
gm
fT =
2 ( C + C )
400 106 =
85.4 103
2 ( C + C )
C + C = 34 pF; C = 2 pF C = 32 pF
CM = C (1 + g m RC ) = 2 (1 + ( 85.4 )( 4 ) ) CM = 685 pF
Ci = C + CM = 32 + 685 = 717 pF
Req = RS R1 R2 r
= 2 60 5.5 1.17
= 0.644 k
r = Req Ci
= 4.62 107 s
fH =
1
2 r
f H = 344 kHz
7.46
RTH = R1 R2 = 600 55 = 50.38 K
R2
55
VTH =
(15 ) =
(15 ) = 1.2595 V
600 + 55
R1 + R2
1.26 0.7
I BQ =
= 0.00222 mA
50.4 + (101)( 2 )
I CQ = 0.2217 mA
r =
(100 )( 0.026 )
= 11.73 K
0.222
0.2217
gm =
= 8.527 mA/V
0.026
Lower 3dB Fig.
L = R e q1 Cc1 ; Req1 = RS + RTH r
= 0.50 + 50.38 11.73 = 10.0 K
L = (10 10
)( 0.110 ) = 10
6
fL =
2 2
2 (103 )
f L = 159 Hz
H = R eq 2 .CT
fH =
1
=
f H = 489 KHz
2 H 2 ( 3.256 107 )
7.47
fT =
gm
2 ( Cgs + Cgd )
40
g m = 2 K n I D , K n = (15 ) = 60 A / V 2
10
gm = 2
fT =
( 60 )(100 ) = 154.9 A / V
154.9 106
fT = 44.8 MHz
2 ( 0.5 + 0.05 ) 1012
7.48
fT =
gm
2 ( Cgs + Cgd )
g m = 2 K n (VGs VT )
ID
then g m = 2 K n I D
Kn
So fT =
2 Kn I D
2 ( Cgs + Cgd )
Kn I D
( Cgs + Cgd )
( 0.2 10 )( 20 10 )
3
(a)
fT =
(b)
fT =
(c)
10 =
fT = 33.6 MHz
( 0.2 10 )( 250 10 )
3
( 0.2 10 ) I
fT = 118.6 MHz
I D = 17.8 mA
7.49
fT =
gm
2 ( Cgs + Cgd )
n (VGS VTN )
2 L2
(a)
fT =
(b)
fT =
7.50
a.
450 ( 0.5 )
2 (1.2 104 )
450 ( 0.5 )
2 ( 0.18 104 )
fT = 2.49 GHz
fT = 111 GHz
CM = Cgd 1 + g m ( ro RD )
CM = 5 1 + ( 3) (15 10 ) CM = 95 pF
b.
r = ( ri ) ( Cgs + CM )
f =
1
1
=
f = 110 kHz
2 r 2 (1.45 106 )
7.51
fT =
gm
2 ( CgsT + CgdT )
( Eq. 7.104 )
2
Let CgdT = 0 and CgsT = (WLCox )
3
C
g m = 2 K n I D = 2 n ox
2
W
L ID
1
W
2 n Cox I D
2
L
So fT =
2
2 (W LCox )
3
1
W
n Cox I D
2
3
L
=
2 L
W Cox
fT =
3
2 L
n I D
2W Cox L
7.52
(a)
g m =
gm
1 + g m rS
g m = 2 K n (VGS VTN )
8
C W ( 400 ) ( 7.25 10 )
K n = n ox =
(10 )
2
2 L
K n = 1.45 104 A / V 2
For VGS = 5 V
1.01 103 =
1.26 103
1 + (1.26 103 ) rS
b.
For VGS = 3 V
0.6815 103
7.53
a.
Vgs
Ii
Ri
gmVgs
RL
I0
rS
I i Ri
1 + g m rS
I0
g R
= m i
I i 1 + g m rS
As an approximation, consider
Ii
Vgs
Ri
CgsT
I0
CM
RL
gmVgs
In this case
I
gm
1
Ai = 0 = g m Ri
where CM = C gdT (1 + g m RL ) and g m =
Ii
1 + g m rs
1 + sRi ( C gsT + CM )
c.
As rS increases, CM decreases, so the bandwidth increases, but the current gain magnitude
decreases.
7.54
R2
225
VGS =
VDD =
(10 )
225 + 500
R1 + R2
VGS = 3.10 V
CgdT
Ri
V0
Vi
b.
R1R2
Vgs
CgsT
gmVgs
RD
c.
r = ( Ri R1 R2 ) ( CgsT + CM )
Ri R1 R2 = 1 500 225 = 1 155 = 0.9936 k
1
2 r
2 (1.69 108 )
g mVgs RD
Vi
and Vgs =
f H = 9.42 MHz
R1 R2
R1 R2 + Ri
Vi =
155
Vi = 0.994 Vi
155 + 1
7.55
RTH = R1 R2 = 33 22 = 13.2 k
R2
22
VTH =
( 5) =
( 5) = 2 V
22 + 33
R1 + R2
2 0.7
I BQ =
= 0.00261 mA
13.2 + (121)( 4 )
I CQ = 0.3138
r =
(120 )( 0.026 )
= 9.94 k
0.3138
0.3138
gm =
= 12.07 mA/V
0.026
100
r0 =
= 318 k
0.3138
a.
gm
fT =
2 ( C + C )
C + C =
gm
12.07 103
=
2 fT 2 ( 600 106 )
CM = C 1 + g m ro RC RL
CM = 27.6 pF
b.
r = Req ( C + CM )
Req = R1 R2 Rs r = 33 22 2 r
= 1.74 9.94 k Req = 1.48 k
r = (1.48 103 ) ( 2.20 + 27.6 ) 1012
r = 4.41 10 8 s
fH =
1
2 r
2 ( 4.41 108 )
V0 = g mV ro RC RL
f H = 3.61 MHz
R1 R2 r
V =
V
R1 R2 r + RS i
R1 R2 r = 33 22 9.94 = 5.67 k
5.67
v =
Vi = 0.739Vi
5.67 + 2
r0 RC RL = 318 4 5 = 2.18 k
Av = (12.07 )( 0.739 )( 2.18 )
Av = 19.7
7.56
RTH = R1 R2 = 40 5 = 4.44 k
R2
5
VTH =
VCC =
(10 ) = 1.111 V
5 + 40
R1 + R2
1.111 0.7
= 0.00633 mA
I BQ =
4.44 + (121)( 0.5 )
I CQ = 0.760 mA
r =
(120 )( 0.026 )
= 4.11 k
0.760
0.760
= 29.23 mA/V
gm =
0.026
r0 =
fT =
gm
2 ( C + C )
C + C =
gm
29.23 103
=
2 fT 2 ( 250 106 )
a.
CM = C 1 + g m ( RC RL )
CM = 3 1 + ( 29.2 ) ( 5 2.5 ) CM = 149 pF
For upper frequency:
rH = Req ( C + CM )
Req = r R1 R2 RS = 4.11 40 5 0.5
Req = 0.405 k
rH = ( 0.405 103 ) (15.6 + 149 ) 1012
= 6.67 10 8 s
1
fH =
f H = 2.39 MHz
2 rH
For lower frequency:
rL = Req CC1
Req = RS + R1 R2 r = 0.5 + 40 5 4.11
Req = 2.64 k
fL =
1
f L = 12.8 Hz
2 rL
b.
A
39.5
fL
fH
V0 = g mV ( RC RL )
R1 R2 r
V =
V
R1 R2 r + RS i
2.135
V =
Vi = 0.8102Vi
2.135 + 0.5
AV = ( 29.23)( 0.8102 ) ( 5 2.5 )
AV = 39.5
7.57
I D = K P (VSG + VTP ) =
2
9 VSG
RS
VSG =
8.6
VSG = 3.512 V
g m = 2 K P (VSG + VTP ) = 2 ( 2 )( 3.512 2 )
g m = 6.049 mA / V
I D = ( 2 )( 3.512 2 ) = 4.572 mA
1
1
r0 = 21.9 k
r0 =
=
I o ( 0.01)( 4.56 )
2
CM = CgdT 1 + g m ( ro RD )
a.
b.
rH = ( Ri RG ) ( CgsT + CM )
fH =
f H = 4.84 MHz
2 H
V0 = g m ( ro RD ) Vgs
RG
100
Vgs =
Vi =
Vi
102
RG + Ri
100
Av = ( 6.04 )
( 21.9 1)
102
Av = 5.67
7.58
R2
22
VG =
( 20 ) 10 =
( 20 ) 10
+
R
R
22 + 8
2
1
VG = 4.67 V
ID =
10 VSG 4.67
2
= K P (VSG + VTP )
RS
2
4VSG + 4 )
5.33 VSG = (1)( 0.5 ) (VSG
2
VSG 3.33 = 0
0.5VSG
VSG =
1 1 + 4 ( 0.5 )( 3.33)
2 ( 0.5 )
VSG = 3.77 V
CM = CgdT 1 + g m ( RD RL )
CM = ( 3) 1 + ( 3.54 ) ( 2 5 ) CM = 18.2 pF
a.
r = Req ( CgsT + CM )
Req = Ri R1 R2 = 0.5 8 22 = 0.461 k
r = ( 0.461 103 ) (15 + 18.2 ) 1012
= 1.53 108 s
fH =
1
2 r
f H = 10.4 MHz
c.
V0 = g mVgs ( RD RL )
R R
5.87
Vgs = 1 2 Vi =
Vi Vgs = ( 0.9215 ) Vi
R1 R2 Ri
5.87 + 0.5
7.59
100
I E = 0.5 mA I CQ =
( 0.5 ) = 0.495 mA
101
0.495
= 19.0 mA/V
gm =
0.026
(100 )( 0.026 )
= 5.25 k
r =
0.495
a.
Input: From Eq. 7.107b
r
rP =
RE RS C
1 +
5.25
= 2.43 1010 s
1
f H = 656 MHz
2 rp
Output: From Eq. 7.108b
rP = ( RB RL ) C = (100 1) 103 1012
f H =
= 9.90 1010 s
fH =
1
f H = 161 MHz
2 rP
b.
RS
Vi
gmV
RE
V0 = g m V ( RB & RL )
g mV +
V V Vi ( V )
+
+
=0
r RE
RS
1
1
1 V
+ = i
V g m + +
r RE RS RS
1
1
1 Vi
+
+
=
V 19 +
5.25 0.5 0.05 0.05
V ( 41.19 ) = Vi ( 20 )
V = ( 0.4856 ) Vi
V0
= (19 )( 0.4856 )(100 & 1)
Vi
Av = 9.14
c.
r = CL ( RL & RB ) = (15 1012 ) (1 & 100 ) 103
r = 1.485 108 s
1
f = 10.7 MHz
2 r
Since f < f H 3d B freq. dominated by CL .
f =
7.60
V0
RB
RL
20 0.7
= 1.93 mA
10
100
I CQ =
(1.93) = 1.91 mA
101
1.91
gm =
= 73.5 mA/V
0.026
(100 )( 0.026 )
r =
= 1.36 k
1.91
a.
Input:
r
rP =
RE RS C
1 +
I EQ =
rP
1.36
10 1 103 10 1012
=
101
= 1.327 1010 s
1
f P = 1.20 GHz
2 rP
Output:
rP = ( RC RL ) C = ( 6.5 & 5 ) 103 1012
f P =
rP = 2.826 109 s
1
f P =
f P = 56.3 MHz
2 rP
b.
V0 = g m V ( RC & RL )
g mV +
V V Vi ( V )
+
+
=0
r RE
RS
Vi
1
1
1
+
V g m + +
=
r
R
R
R
E
S
S
1
1 1 V
+ + = i
V 73.5 +
1.36
10
1 (1)
V ( 75.34 ) = Vi V = ( 0.01327 ) Vi
V0 = ( 73.5 )( 0.01327 ) ( 6.5 5 ) Vi
Av = 2.76
c.
f =
f = 3.75 MHz
2 r
Since f < fp , 3dB frequency is dominated by CL.
7.61
VGS + I D RS = 5
5 VGS
2
ID =
= K n (VGS VTN )
RS
VGS =
59
( 59 )
4 ( 30 )( 25 )
2 ( 30 )
VGS = 1.349 V
1
f P = 17.9 MHz
2 rP
Ri
Vi
gmVgs
RS
Vgs
RD
V0 = g mVgs ( RD RL )
g mVgs +
Vgs
RS
Vi ( Vgs )
RS
=0
V
1
1
+ = i
Vgs g m +
RS Ri
Ri
V
1 1
Vgs 2.093 + + = i
10
2
2
Av =
V0
= ( 2.093)( 0.1857 ) ( 5 4 )
Vi
Av = 0.864
7.62
dc analysis
ID =
V + VSG
2
= K P (VSG + VTP )
RS
2
= 4 (VSG
1.6VSG + 0.64 )
2
4VSG
5.4VSG 2.44 = 0
VSG =
V0
5.4
( 5.4 )
+ 4 ( 4 )( 2.44 )
2 ( 4)
= 1.707
RL
Ri
gmVgs
RS
Vgs
CgsT
CgdT
RD
1
RS Ri
gm
1
2 Req CgsT
fA =
1
4 0.5 = 0.246 k
1.81
1
fA =
= 162 MHz
2 ( 246 ) ( 4 1012 )
Req =
fB =
=
1
2 ( 2 4 ) 103 1012
f = 119 MHz
Midband gain
Ri
Vi
gmVgs
V0
Vgs
RS
RD
1
RS
gm
1
4
1.81
Vgs =
Vi =
Vi
1
1
RS + R i
4 + 0.5
gm
1.81
= 0.492Vi
V0 = g mVgs ( RD RL )
7.63
r =
(120 )( 0.026 )
1.02
g m = 39.23 mA/V
a.
= 3.059 k
RL
RL
Input: f H =
1
2 r
r = Rs R2 R3 r ( C + 2C )
2 (1.536 109 )
Output: f H =
= 103.6 MHz
1
2 r
r = ( RC RL ) C
2 ( 6.67 109 )
= 23.9 MHz
b.
R2 & R3 & r
A = g m ( RC & RL )
R2 & R3 & r + RS
R2 R3 r = 20.5 28.3 3.059 = 2.433 k
2.433
A = ( 39.23) ( 5 10 )
A = 125.6
2.433 + 0.1
c.
CL = 15 pF > C CL dominates frequency response.