_| A COMPACT REFERENCE FOR THE | DESIGN AND DRAFTING OF DUSTRIAL PIPING SYSTEMSThe PIPING GUID: ‘PART 1" explains Brings together information of especial value to desi draitsmen, and systems engines concerned with piping technology iscusses in detail the design and drafting of piping systems Describes pipe, piping components most commonly used, valves, and equipment Presents charts, tables, and examples for daily reference Lins piping terms and abbreviations concerned with piping tecinology Prevides a design reference for sompanies and consultants Supplements existing company standards, information, and methods, Serves a2 an instructional aid Current techniques of piping design Piping terms, assemtling of piping from components, and methods for ‘connecting to equipment Office organization, and methods to translate concepts into firished detigns from wich plants are built Frequently-nesded design deta and information, arranged for quick reference Principat dimensions and weights for pipe, fittings, flanges vdves, structural steel, ete. Drectreading metric conversion tables for dimensionsn | a CONTENTS PIPING: USES, EXPENDITURES, & PLANT CONSTRUCTION ss PIPE, FITTINGS, FLANGES, & LINE EQUIPMENT oe VALVES, PUMPS, COMPRESSORS, & PROCESS EQUIPMENT. se ORGANIZATION: JOB RESPONSIBILITIES, DRAWING-OFFICE EQUIPMENT, ‘& PROCEDURES seen DRAFTING: PROCESS & PIPING DRAWINGS _ |. DESIGN: ARRANGEMENT, SUPPORT, INSULATION, HEATING, VENTING & fee DRAINING OF PIPING SYSTEMS, VESSELS & EQUIPMENT © STANDARDS & CODES: PIPING SYSTEMS, DRAFTING SYMBOLS, PIPE, PIPESUPPORTS, FLANGES, GASKETS) FITTINGS, PUMPS, VALVES, STEAM TRAPS, VESSELS, EXCHANGERS, & SCREWTHREADS,THE ‘PIPING GUIDE’ A COMPACT REFERENCE FOR THE DESIGN AND DRAFTING OF INDUSTRIAL PIPING SYSTEMS David R. Sherwocd ge Dennis J. Whistance amet, Amarin Sosety of Machen Enginaers | 23” Mamoer Inmitition of Maduetion Enginers(UKI,)°B.Sty MLASC. Copyright © David A. Sherwood and Osnnis J. Whistance 1976 All gh reserve,=a fi ‘The text refers to standards and codes, using designations such 25 ANSI B31.1, ASTM A-63, ISA $5.1—1968, etc. Full titles of ‘these standards and codes will be fourd in tables 7.3 thru 7.18, References: Numbess in straight brackets (thus: {121) refer to sources of published information listed under ‘References’ at the end of the index. Sections, figures, charts and tables in Part | are referred to ‘numerically, and are located by the margin index. Charts and tables in Part Il are identified by letter. FOR TERMS NOT EXPLAINED IN THE TEXT, REFER TO THE INDEX. [ABBREVIATIONS ARE GIVEN IN CHAPTER 8, The authors are grateful to the companies, designers, and enginee’s who assisted in tie development of the Piping Guide, Apart trom source material, individual acknowledgements are ‘not made because neither these contibutors nor the authors assume liability or responsbility for designs using information Presented herein, The user is responsible for complying with the various codes and standards, Federal, State, and Municipal regulations, and other legal obligations which may pertain to the construction of plants, incustrial installations, ete. Discussion ‘or mention of products does not necessarily imply endorsement.PIPING: USES, EXPENDITURES, & PLANT CONSTRUCTION USES OF PIPING u Piping is used fo: industial (proces, marine, transportation, civil engineer ing and for ‘comrmarcial (plumbing) purposes. This book is primarily concerned wit) industrial piping tor processing and senice sysiems. Processoping is used to tarsporttWids between storage tanks and prmcesing units. Service pining is used to corwey steam, a, water, ete, lor pructsina, Piping hte detined a ‘sono’ pining is som limes’ refered 10 as ‘uit’ piping, but, in the Guid, the term ‘wilty piping’ is resorved for jor Fines supplying water, tus goes, and fuel oi {tat is, for commodities usually purchased from utilis companies and bulk supplies). Marine pining tcc ships is olten extensive. Much of & is fabricated from vnalded and serened carbon ste! piping, using pipe and Iittings dessibod in this book Transportation piping it ootnslly leyeciameter pipiog used 10 comey Figs, slugs and gots, sometimes aver hundiods ct miles. Crude ei, Datoleum products, water, and solid materials such asec (aried by wate) axe ansported thea pipwines, Dillon liquids can bo wangported conse tively in the same pipeline, and branching arrangements are used to divert Slows 10 diferent desirations, Girt piping is ved 10 Gstribute pubic wiles (weter, fuel gases), and to collect rainwater, sewage, and industial waste waters, Most piping of this type is placed underground Plumbing (commercial piping) 's igi installed in eooumercal buildings, scrools, hospital, residonces, et. tor distributing water and fuel gases, or collecting waste water, and for othor auposes, COMMISSIONING, DESIGNING 12 BUILDING A PLANT When a manufacurer decides 1 build naw plant or tc expand an existing ‘on, be wal ete playa enginesing company to undertake desig and constuction, or, if his engineering dtpartment is large enoush, fe wall do the design work, manage the project, ann amplay ane or more contractors tu do the consttetion work. | tn either procedure, the menufscturer supplies information concerning the | pucposes of buildings, procuction rates, processes, dsigneritera to mest | his practices, deta of exiting plant, ard site surveys, i any. hart 1.1 shows the principals involved, and the Mow of information and materi (senna Sama uRN Réonts saves SianThe designing and building of an industal plat isa complex undertaking Except forthe larger industria concern, wo may maintain their own design sols, ne design and constwction of plans and related fcdties is usually undertaken by specialat companies, ‘The Guide describes in 4.1 the owganizatin end responibiites of design engineeing, with specal reference to the duties of individuals engaged in the development of piping desons for plats Domestic US expandiures over the years 1973 thru 1976 averaged 29.3 bition doers per yeer for rev plant and equipment in the petroleum, chemicd, food and beverage, paper, rubber, textile, mining end fuel ges industries, according “0 the Survey of cusent busines” compiled by the US Department of Commerce (1976 figures er estimated, ad 1975 figures are not ial) Expend tres on property, plant, and equiment by majortyowmed foreign alates of US compsnies ove the same perad averaged 144tillion dlls. ‘Table 1.1 shows the details ofthese expenditures, For the quoted incustries, the average cost of pining is ebout one fifth ofthe sos of the frshed plant and equipment: lage variations from this ratio a0 possible, however. a4 975 1978 Petroleum 8m 10501064 Chemicals 5m 6306.68 Food & 8 3338 4.08 Mining ai 382 400 Ful Gat 22 © 328388 Paper 258 291328, Rubber tar oh 4.30 Testis oe oes os oo 1981075 Petroleum as 107 hemicae \ 228 Mining 43 Food & Saverge ora? Paper a6 oss Rubber a3 oss Sows jos 136187 ‘a1 amount inilions 3 US Oates (6PIPE, FITTINGS, FLANGES, & LINE EQUIPMENT PROCESS PIPE 2a Pipea TUBE aaa Tubular products ae termed ‘tubo’ or pipe’. Tube is cusomarityspeited by its outside diimeter and wall thcknes, expresec either in BWS (Birmingham wire goge) or in thousands ot an inch, Pipe is customarily idenitied by ‘nom nal pipe sie’, with wall thickness defined by “Schedule numer’, “API designation’. or “weight’-a5 explained in 2.13, Non-standard Pipe is specified by nominal sir with wal thickness state, ‘The principal vss for tute axe in heat exchanges, instument lines, and ‘small inteconnectons on equipment such af compresors, bolle, ar refrigerators SIZES & LENGTHS COMMONLY USED 2az FOR sTeeL PIPE Manufacturers offer pipe inestablished ss (oe 2.1.3) angng from 1/8 thay neh nominal diameter nominal pipe ie’. Pipe sizes novrally stocked inclade: 1/2, 3, 1, 14, Vs, 2. 2%, 3.3%, 4 5, 6, 8, 10.12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 24. Sizes 1%, 2, 24, and 6 inch au sldarm used (unusual sizes ore Sometimes requirec for contesting to 2quipment, but siping is noxmally fen in the next larger stot size after cennozton hes been made). 1/8, 1/4 2378 and /2.ineh pipe is usualy restited to instrument ines or to sevice and other fines which we 10 mato with equipment, 1/2inch pipe extensively used for steam tracing and ler auxiliary piping a pumps ete, ‘Suaisht pipe is supplied in ‘random’ logs (17 40 25 fend sometimes “dousle rendom’ lengths (33 to 48 1), i profered. The en of these feng ‘are sormally either plain (PE), baveied for welding (BE), or threaded ant supplied with one couptng per length ‘threaded and coupled’, or "T&C', 1 pine is orderad ‘TAC, the rating oft coupling is speciied—see chat 23, (ther types of ends, such as grooved far special coupling, can be ubtainet (0 ove. DIAMETERS & WALL THICKNESSES OF PIPE zaa The siz of al pipe is ianifed by the amine pipe size, abbreviated ‘NPS, vaich is seldom equal to the tze bore (internal ciate) of the pipe—the ference in some instances i large, Minch NPS and larger pipe has ouside ‘Gameter equal tothe nominal pipe size Fine inthe vorius ses is made in soveral wall thicknesses for each size, Which have buon established by three diffrent sources: (0) Te Ameren Nao Std ttt ht unt (2) The American Society of Mechanics! Engineers end the Americen |) Sosiety for Testing and Materials, thrs the designations STD" (stand | ard), °XS"(extrastrong), and °KXS" (Couble-extrastrong, drawn from || dinérsions established by manufacturers, a the Guid, these desig. inaions are termed ‘manufacturer! weights’ G) The American Potrotoun tosttut, tu its standards SL and SLX. |) Those cimensions have no rferancs for indvidval izes and val | Wiskneses “‘Manutectrars’ weight (second scutes) were intended, as long ago as 199, 1 be superseded by schedule numbers, However, demand for these wall Uhickneses hes caused their manufacture to continue, Cerin fittings are afailable only in manafactures’ weights pe dimensions from the ssrond and third sources ava incorporated ia meric National Standard 036.10-1970. Tablo P-1 lists cimensions 89 welded and seams steppe inthis standard, and gives davivad data IKON PRE SIZES we ntl ealshe for wraith ve thickness designate by tats onda, "xtsony, an dole ehvaston. ANSI 636.10 1070 ia thew wrughitonppe mensions ty ale 3. Wout pip a ban snot completa uted by Stel pin. Sloe tw sole rambo ‘hn forse ie was fis Dpbithes by the Amizan Sanders Aeration fn 125 the ion pie Ss wee modi frst pipe by sity exes the vel ihneses (evn the cus danas ont) so tha he waht fot yt) quel be on pip wai. Tale), produ by pein oem ein i ain pip ne hpading ‘ran pipe sie’. As ANS! 836.10:1970 states that "the sie ofall Dipe is Wentfed by nominal pipe size, the Guide uses the term “manu fectuces weights to denote the STO, XS, end XXS designations applied by nufactrers 0 steel ape and fitings. Lorrrnaue obo wal toy) is» ennai seated doe don reson SC 0s ah BB ard So 1! Bh ifeatises Tae ae news one