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Performance of Protective Relaying

This document discusses protective relaying for transmission lines. It describes that relays must distinguish between stable power swings and faults, operate only when needed, and do so quickly while coordinating with other relays. It discusses overcurrent and distance relaying, with distance relaying providing better discrimination between load and faults through impedance measurement. Distance relays use a three zone approach for primary line protection with zone 1 reaching 80% of the line and zone 2 reaching 120% of the line, both operating instantly or within 0.3-0.5 seconds.

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82 views6 pages

Performance of Protective Relaying

This document discusses protective relaying for transmission lines. It describes that relays must distinguish between stable power swings and faults, operate only when needed, and do so quickly while coordinating with other relays. It discusses overcurrent and distance relaying, with distance relaying providing better discrimination between load and faults through impedance measurement. Distance relays use a three zone approach for primary line protection with zone 1 reaching 80% of the line and zone 2 reaching 120% of the line, both operating instantly or within 0.3-0.5 seconds.

Uploaded by

adau
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

Performance of Protective Relaying


Monitor, detect abnormal conditions, select breakers to be opened, and energize trip circuits Three requirements: selectivity, speed, and reliability
distinguish between stable swings and out-of-step operate when needed and only when needed operate sufficiently fast coordinate with other relays

Function of certain relays essential to ensure transient stability Special relaying may be used to separate systems Mostly interested in transmission line protection

Transmission Line Protection


Factors Type of circuit: single line; parallel line, multi-terminal, magnitude of fault current infeeds, etc. Function of line, its effect on service continuity, speed with which fault has to be cleared Coordination and matching requirements

(a) Overcurrent Relaying


Simplest and cheapest form of line protection Two basic forms: instantaneous overcurrent relay and time overcurrent relay Difficult to apply where coordination, selectivity, and speed are important
changes to their settings are usually required as system configuration changes cannot discriminate between load and fault

(b) Distance Relaying


Responds to a ratio of measured voltage to measured current Impedance is a measure of distance along the line Relatively better discrimination and selectivity, by limiting relay operation to a certain range of the impedance Types
impedance relay reactance relay

Fig. 13.28 Distance relay characteristics displayed on a coordinate system with resistance (R) as the abscissa, and reactance (X) as the ordinate

Fig. 13.29 Distance relay characteristic

Three zone approach: Zone 1 primary protection for protected line


80% reach and instantaneous

Zone 2 primary protection for protected line


120% reach and timed (0.3 - 0.5 s)

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