Table of Contents

Introduction...............................................................................2 Siemens Residential Products...................................................4 Residential Power Distribution. ..................................................6 Power Quality............................................................................8 Causes of Surges.................................................................... 12 Surge Protection Terminology.................................................. 15 Whole-House Protection Strategy...........................................21 Point-of-Entry Surge Protection...............................................26 Signal Line Surge Protection. ...................................................32 Point-of-Use Surge Protection.................................................33 Commercial and Industrial TVSSs............................................36 Review Answers......................................................................38 Final Exam...............................................................................39 quickSTEP Online Courses......................................................44

Introduction

Welcome to another course in the STEP series, Siemens Technical Education Program, designed to prepare our distributors to sell Siemens Energy & Automation products more effectively. This course covers Basics of Surge Protection. Although some of the products included in this course are used in a variety of commercial applications, the emphasis of this course will be on surge products used in residential and light commercial applications. Upon completion of Basics of Surge Protection, you should be able to: Describe the damaging effects of lightning strikes and other electrical surges Explain the need for surge protection Explain the difference between point-of-use and point-ofentry surge protectors Explain the need for whole-house surge protection and how to achieve it Identify and describe each of the various surge protection products in the Siemens residential product line

This knowledge will help you better understand customer applications. In addition, you will be able to describe products to customers and determine important differences between products. You should complete Basics of Electricity and Basics of Load Centers or have a basic understanding of electrical concepts before attempting Basics of Surge Protection. If you are an employee of a Siemens Energy & Automation authorized distributor, fill out the final exam tear-out card and mail in the card. We will mail you a certificate of completion if you score a passing grade. Good luck with your efforts. Siemens is a trademark of Siemens AG. Product names mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Specifications are subject to change without notice. National Electrical Code and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02169. Underwriters Laboratories Inc. and UL are registered trademarks of Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096. Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Siemens Residential Products

Siemens manufactures a variety of electrical distribution products for residential applications. Central to these applications are load centers and associated circuit breakers, which control the distribution of electrical power throughout the home. Refer to the STEP course titled Basics of Load Centers for additional information regarding these products.
Circuit Breaker & TVSS GFCI Breaker

AFCI Breaker

AFC
TEST

1-Pole QP

2-Pole QP QT Duplex

QT Triplex

Surge Protection Products

Load centers with standard residential circuit breakers cannot protect a home from damaging electrical surges such as those produced by lightning. Siemens offers a variety of products designed to protect the home from such electrical surges. Siemens electrical surge protection products work in conjunction with load centers and circuit breakers to provide more complete residential circuit protection. Siemens also provides products used for surge protection in commercial and industrial applications; however, Siemens surge protection products intended for residential and light commercial applications are the focus of this course.

Phase Indicators
L2

On-Full Protection

Off-No Proection
L1

CAUTION

DANGER
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE
Disconnect all power supplying this equipment before replacing. Failure to do so will result in death or serious injury.

SURGE ARRESTER
MODEL: TPS-ASA1
120-240VAC MCOV-175VAC (L-G) WHITE-GROUND BLACK-LINE

SURGE ARRESTER
MODEL: TPS-ESA3
120-240VAC MCOV-175VAC (L-G) WHITE-GROUND BLACK-LINE

C0401 C UL
o

e103120

2E03

US LISTED

C0401 C UL
o

e103120

2E03

US LISTED

OUT
OUT

TPS COAX

IN

TPS TEL

IN

Residential Power Distribution

Electrical energy is generated at a power plant and sent over transmission lines at a voltage high enough for efficient transmission. At various points in the distribution system, energy is drawn from the power lines and stepped down to a lower voltage at substations. Each substation further distributes the electrical energy to nearby customers. When the energy reaches its final destination at a residential customer, the voltage is further stepped down to 240 volts.

Power Supply

The most common supply system used in U. S. residential applications today is a single-phase, three-wire system. In this system, there are 120 volts between either hot wire and neutral and 240 volts between the two hot wires. The 120 volt supply is used for general-purpose receptacles and lighting. The 240 volt supply is used for heating, cooling, cooking, and other highdemand loads.

Service Entrance

Power, purchased from a utility company, enters the house through a metering device and connects to a load center. This is the service entrance. Residential service can come from an overhead utility transformer or from a lateral service run underground.

Transformer Load Center Meter Transformer Meter Load Center

Overhead Service

Lateral Service

Distribution

Load centers provide circuit control and overcurrent protection. Power is distributed from the load center to various branch circuits for lighting, appliances, and electrical outlets.

Load Center

Disconnect

Meter

Power Quality

Voltage used in the home can be represented by a sine wave. Ideally, a sine wave would be smooth and free of disturbances. However, even the best power distribution systems are subject to voltage fluctuations.

Voltage Variations

Voltage changes can range from small voltage fluctuations of short duration to a complete outage for an extended period of time. Undervoltage occurs when voltage decreases below normal rated tolerance. An undervoltage is often referred to as a sag when the duration is short, typically no more than a few seconds. Overvoltages occur when voltage increases above normal rated tolerance. An overvoltage is often referred to as a swell when the disturbance lasts a short duration, typically no more than a few seconds.
Normal +10% 100% -10% 0V -10% 100% +10% Outage/Sustained Power Interruption Fluctuations Swell or Overvoltage

Sag or Undervoltage * Based on equipment with normal rated voltage tolerance of +/-10%

Very Short Duration Disturbances

Many voltage fluctuations are even shorter in duration than sags and swells. Very short duration disturbances may be called a transient, impulse, spike, or if opposite in polarity to the sine wave, a notch. One common term used to describe a very short duration rise in voltage and current is a surge. The definition for a surge varies, but, in general, it is an increase of at least ten percent in current and voltage that typically lasts only a few microseconds. Although the duration of a surge is very short, the amount of electrical energy associated with a surge can be significant because, during a surge, voltage can rise to as much as a few thousand volts.

Surges

In spite of the efforts of electric utilities to minimize voltage fluctuations and electronic equipment manufacturers to protect equipment, electronic equipment is still susceptible to damage anytime the supply voltage exceeds the manufacturers recommended tolerance. Large surges, such as those caused by lighting, can result in immediate, catastrophic failure of electronic equipment. However, even smaller surges occurring repetitively can, over time, degrade and eventually damage electronic equipment.
0.01 Cycle 0.01 Cycle

400% 300% 200% 100%

400% 300% 200% 100%

A large surge can cause immediate damage

Even small, repetitive surges can, over time, damage equipment

Sensitive Equipment in the Home

By now you may be wondering what all of this has to do with the average home owner. In the past, it was considered sufficient for home power distribution systems to provide short circuit and overload protection. More recently, selected circuits have been required to have ground fault or arc fault protection. In general, the purpose of most protective devices in a home power distribution system is safety and not equipment protection. Todays modern homes, however, are full of complex and sensitive electronic equipment. Many homes now have a variety of electronic entertainment devices, home appliances often incorporate electronic circuits, and computers and office equipment are also commonly used in the home. While the value of these systems varies, it is not uncommon for a typical home to have thousands of dollars of electronic equipment, and it can take as little as one surge to damage these devices.

Function of a Surge Protective Device

As the name implies, the function of a surge protective device (SPD) is to provide a degree of protection for electrical equipment from the damaging effects of electrical surges. The amount of protection provided depends upon the ratings of the device. The way that an SPD protects an electrical circuit is by limiting the voltage that can be applied to the protected circuit in the event of a surge. This requires the SPD to channel the excess energy of the surge away from the protected circuit to ground through the SPD.

10

Review 1 1. The most common supply system used in residential applications is a _______ -phase, _______ -wire system.

2. In a typical U. S. residential electrical system, the voltage between the two hot wires is 240 volts, and the voltage from either hot wire to the neutral wire is _____ volts. 3. A short duration undervoltage is sometimes called a ________, and a short duration overvoltage is sometimes called a ________. 4. A ________ is an increase of at least ten percent in current and voltage that typically lasts only a few microseconds. 5. In general, the purpose of most protective devices in a home power distribution system is ________ and not equipment protection. 6. An SPD protects an electrical circuit by limiting the ________ applied to the protected circuit in the event of a surge.

11

Causes of Surges

Surges from Outside the Home

Surges can be caused by sources outside a home, such as when large electrical loads are turned on and off. Disturbances can result from the routine operation of electrical machinery at a nearby factory or large commercial facility, but they can also be caused by the electric utilities protective devices. The most damaging source of electrical surges, however, is lightning. Lightning is caused by the attraction of positive and negative charges in the atmosphere. This results in a buildup and discharge of electrical energy. Lightning can occur within a cloud, from cloud to cloud, or from cloud to earth. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), there are an estimated 2000 thunderstorms at any given moment in the world, resulting in 100 lightning strikes every second. In the United States alone, there are over 22 million lightning strikes in an average year. A typical lightning strike might range from 20,000 to 100,000 amps at a potential of up to 30 million volts.

2000 thunderstorm are occuring in the world at any given time 100 lightning strikes every second Over 8 million lightning strikes every day Over 22 million lightning strikes in the United States in an average year

12

Electrical Equipment Damage

Lightning does not have to strike a home, or near a home to cause electrical damage. A lightning strike on a power line several miles away still has the potential to cause extensive electrical damage in a home. In addition to causing surges on the power line, lightning can also cause damaging surges on telephone lines and TV cables.

Thunderstorm Locations

Thunderstorms occur everywhere in the United States. The following map shows the approximate mean annual number of days with thunderstorms in the United States.
20 <10 50 20 10 30 40 50 <10 40 30 100 60 60 60 70 40 50 40 70 80 90 80 70 30 30 30 20 10

13

Surges from Within the Home

In addition to external sources of electrical surges, devices in or near the home also produce electrical surges. For example, electrical appliances that incorporate electric motors or turn on or off very quickly also cause power surges.
Air Conditioner

Microwave Oven

Computer

Garage Door Opener Gas Stove with Electronic Ignition

Refrigerator

14

Surge Protection Terminology

There are a variety of SPDs available to protect sensitive electronic equipment from surges. In order to understand these devices, it is necessary to understand some basic terminology. Joule Rating One of the more common ratings for an SPD is the amount of electrical energy the device can absorb in a designated time without failing. This rating is sometimes called the joule rating because the joule (J) is a basic unit of measurement for energy. However, this rating is often referred to by other names such as transient energy rating or single pulse energy dissipation rating. In theory, the higher the joule rating, the more energy an SPD can channel away from the protected circuit. However, procedures for testing the amount of single pulse energy that an SPD can dissipate without failing vary, so the joule rating should be considered in the context of other ratings provided by an SPD supplier. One way to think about the concept of a joule of electrical energy is to relate it to another more familiar electrical unit, a watt. One watt is the basic unit of measurement for power, and power is the rate at which energy is used. More specifically, for every watt of power, one joule of energy is used every second (joules = watts x seconds). This means that a common 75 watt light bulb uses 75 joules of energy per second.

75 Watts = 75 Joules per Second

15

It is important to note that an SPDs joule rating applies to the energy bypassed by the SPD. The lamp that uses 75 joules per second when operated for more than a few seconds would appear to far exceed the capability of a surge suppressor rated for 500 joules. However, the SPD does not absorb energy delivered to the load. Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) A metal oxide varistor (MOV) is a device commonly used in an SPD to provide a path for excess energy. There are two characteristics of MOVs that make them desirable for surge protection. First, the resistance of an MOV decreases with an increase in voltage. In addition, MOVs are fast acting and can respond to a surge in just a few nanoseconds. This results in suppressing a surge before it has a chance to damage electronic equipment.

MOV

Circuit Symbol

Clamping Voltage

Clamping voltage is a measure of the voltage-limiting capability of an MOV. Voltage at a lower level than the clamping voltage is passed on to the load. When a surge occurs, the MOV attempts to limit the excess voltage to the level of the clamping voltage by channeling excess energy to ground.

Unsuppressed Surge

Suppressed Surge

16

Peak (or Impulse) Current Rating

The peak current rating, also sometimes called the impulse current rating, specifies the maximum current that can be dissipated from a single surge without causing the SPD to fail. Over time, however, even the best MOVs degrade in performance if subjected to surges. This is why SPDs are often equipped with one or more indicator lights to show if the SPD is still protecting the associated circuits. Under normal conditions, an MOV provides a very high resistance path. Resistance can be several hundred thousand ohms, limiting the current flowing through the MOV and allowing most of the current to flow through the load. In residential applications, the load is all electrical devices connected to the power source.
Fuse Inductor

MOV Operation

120 VAC Power Supply

MOV

Load

Normal Voltage

The clamping voltage rating of an MOV is greater than the normal supply voltage. Therefore, when a surge occurs and the clamping voltage rating of the MOV is exceeded, the MOV switches from a high resistance path to a low resistance path and excess energy passes through the MOV to ground, bypassing the connected load. In addition to MOVs, SPDs may have inductors or other filter elements to further reduce the effects of a surge and may incorporate a fuse or other protective devices to insure safe operation of the SPD.
Fuse Inductor

120 VAC Power Supply

MOV

Load

Surge Voltage

17

Surge Protective Device (SPD)

The term surge protective device (SPD) can refer to a device designed to provide a degree of protection against electrical surges regardless of its placement with respect to the service entrance main overcurrent protection device. However, the 2008 National Electrical Code identifies four types of SPDs. Type 1 - An SPD permanently mounted between the service transformers secondary and the services main overcurrent protection device. This type of SPD is also referred to as a surge arrester. Type 2 - An SPD permanently mounted on the load side of the services main overcurrent protection device. This type of SPD is also referred to as a transient voltage surge suppressor or TVSS. Type 3 - A point-of-use SPD. This type of SPD is also referred to as a transient voltage surge suppressor or TVSS. Point-of-use SPDs are discussed later in this course. Type 4 - An SPD component or assembly. This includes MOVs and assemblies containing MOVs and related components.

Type 1 SPD

The following illustration shows an example of a type 1 SPD (surge arrester) installed in an application with a single-phase, three-wire service. Note that the SPD is installed on the line side of main overcurrent protection device, which in this case is a circuit breaker.
A Power Source N B

Type 1 SPD

Service Entrance Load Center

18

Type 2 SPD

The following illustration shows an example of a type 2 SPD (TVSS) installed in an application with a single-phase, three-wire service. Note that the SPD is installed on the load side of main overcurrent protection device.
A Power N Source B

Type 2 SPD

Service Entrance Load Center

Refer to 2008 National Electrical Code article 285 for additional information regarding SPDs rated for 1kV or less. In the United States, the most widely known company that tests and lists electrical products is Underwriters Laboratories (UL). The UL specification that applies to SPDs is UL 1449. This specification provides detailed descriptions of SPD requirements and testing. Another important SPD standard is NEMA LS 1-1992 Standard for Low Voltage Surge Suppression Devices.

19

Review 2 1. ________ is the most damaging source of surges. 2. In addition to causing surges on the power line, lightning can also cause damaging surges on ________ and ________. 3. The ________ rating, or transient energy rating, of an SPD is an indication of how much energy a surge protector can absorb in a designated time without failing. 4. An ________ is a device commonly used in surge protectors that exhibits a change of resistance with a change in voltage. 5. SPDs typically providing a path to ________ for excess energy when a surge occurs. 6. According to the NEC, a type 1 SPD, or surge arrester, is connected on the ________ side of the service disconnect overcurrent protection device and a type 2 SPD, or TVSS, is connected on the ________ side of the service disconnect overcurrent protection device.

20

Whole-House Protection Strategy

Surge Protection Strategy

No single SPD can protect all the equipment in a residence from all causes of electrical surges. Instead, a whole-house protection strategy, consisting of point-of-entry and point-ofuse SPDs, is necessary to help guard against disturbances from inside and outside the home.

Point-of-Entry Surge Protection

Point-of-Use Surge Protection

21

Point-of Entry Protection

A point-of-entry SPD is necessary to limit damage from electrical surges entering the home via service entrance conductors. As previously discussed, these electrical surges can come from a lightning strike on or near high-voltage transmission lines, switching of primary circuits by the local utility, or equipment operation in nearby commercial or industrial facilities.

A B Type 2 SPD N

Service Entrance Load Center

Surges from Within the Home

Point-of-entry SPDs, however, cannot provide protection from surges developed within the home. For example, an air conditioner can cause a small electrical surge every time it cycles on or off. Surges caused by equipment within the home are usually weaker than surges caused by lightning; however, they occur more frequently. These surges are distributed throughout the homes electrical system, possibly causing problems with other connected equipment.

A B Type 2 SPD N

Service Entrance Load Center

22

Exterior Wiring

Additionally, many homes have some form of exterior electrical wiring. Security gates, outdoor lighting, electronic dog fences, and swimming pool filtration equipment are just a few examples of outdoor electrical devices in use today.

Security Gate Control

Underground Wiring

Pool Filtration Lighting

Electronic Dog Fence

A cloud-to-earth lightning strike in close proximity to underground wiring can cause a voltage surge which has a direct path to the home distribution system.

A B N Type 2 SPD

Service Entrance Load Center

23

Surges from Other Services Most damage occurs from electrical surges that enter the home from outside services. We have already learned how lightning strikes can enter the home through the electrical utility. It is equally important to note that telephone lines and TV cables can also conduct electrical surges into the home causing damage to electronic equipment connected to these lines. The National Electrical Code requires services to be grounded and bonded together. The purpose is to reduce fire and shock hazard in the event electric utility power conductors come in contact with communication conductors. However, this will not protect sensitive electrical and electronic equipment located within the house.
Electrical Service Telephone Line

Cable TV
Services Grounded and Bonded Together

24

Type 3 SPDs

Type 3 SPDs, also called point-of-use SPDs, are essential to any surge protection strategy to provide household equipment with a degree of protection from surges created in the home. In addition, point-of-entry SPDs typically have a relatively high clamping voltage and this allows some let-through energy that can be absorbed by point-of use SPDs.

A B Type 2 SPD N

Type 3 SPD

Service Entrance Load Center

Review 3 1. Point-of-entrance SPDs provide a degree of protection from ________. a. surges caused by external sources b. surges caused by internal sources c. surges cause by external and internal sources

2. Point-of-entrance SPDs typically have a clamping voltage that is ________ the clamping voltage of pointof-use SPDs. a. lower than b. about the same as c. higher than

3. Surges can enter the home distribution system through ________. a. b. c. d. electrical service entrance wiring telephone wiring cable TV wiring all of the above

25

Point-of-Entry Surge Protection

An SPD installed at the service entrance is the first line of defense in a home surge protection strategy. Point-of-entry SPDs provide protection by diverting surges to ground before they can damage equipment. A properly installed and operating point-of-entry SPD protects appliances, such as refrigerators, dishwashers, electric washers and dryers, heaters, and air conditioners, that are not normally connected to point-of-use SPDs.

Point-of-Entry Solutions

An electrical surge, whether it is caused by electrical equipment or lightning, always finds a path to ground. When such a surge occurs, any equipment connected to the electrical service can be damaged. Siemens response to this threat is to offer SPDs that can meet a variety of point-of-entry application requirements. Siemens Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester or Circuit Breaker and TVSS can be conveniently installed in Siemens load centers to provide point-of-entry-protection. Alternatively, Siemens TPSA9040 TVSS can provide point-of-entry protection regardless of the load center used at the service entrance. In addition, Siemens also offers 1-phase and 3-phase secondary surge arresters, often referred to as lightning arresters.

26

SURGE ARRESTER
MODEL: TPS-ASA1
120-240VAC MCOV-175VAC (L-G) WHITE-GROUND BLACK-LINE

Phase Indicators
L2

On-Full Protection

Off-No Proection
L1

CAUTION

C0401 C UL
o

e103120

2E03

US LISTED

DANGER
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE
Disconnect all power supplying this equipment before replacing. Failure to do so will result in death or serious injury.

Single-Phase Lightning Arrester

TPSA9040 Point-of-Entry TVSS

Cir it TVScu S Breake

r and

Circu it Br

eake r an

d TV

SS

SURGE ARRESTER
MODEL: TPS-ESA3
120-240VAC MCOV-175VAC (L-G) WHITE-GROUND BLACK-LINE

e103120

C0401 C

UL
o

2E03

US LISTED

Three-Phase Lightning Arrester

Siemens Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester and Circuit Breaker and TVSS

Siemens Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester and Circuit Breaker and TVSS are UL listed, and each of these devices include two independent, 1-pole QP circuit breakers and an integral SPD. The SPD not only provides a degree of protection for the circuits served by the circuit breakers, but also for all circuits connected to the load center.
Type QP Circuit Breakers MOV

Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester

Circuit Breaker and TVSS

Indicator Lights

Surge Protection Circuitry

27

QSA1515 Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester incorporates two 1-pole, 15 amp QP circuit breakers. QSA2020 Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester and QSA2020TVSS Circuit Breaker and TVSS each incorporates two 1-pole, 20 amp QP circuit breakers. Although both the Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester and Circuit Breaker and TVSS provide point-of-entry surge protection, the specifications for these devices differ. In particular, the Circuit Breaker and TVSS incorporates an SPD with a lower clamping voltage that provides increased protection for connected devices. Visual Indication Even the best point-of-entry surge protectors can fail over time. As a result, Siemens Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester and Circuit Breaker and TVSS each have two indicator lights that illuminate to indicate that surge protection is being provided.

An added exclusive feature of these devices is that, in the event that surge protection is lost, one or both circuit breakers trip to provide an indication of this condition. As a result, these circuit breakers should be used for circuit protection of the more commonly used circuits. This allows the lights or other devices connected to these circuit breakers to provide an effective indication of the status of the SPD. Installation These devices occupy two standard width circuit breaker spaces and, in addition to providing point-of-entry surge protection, function to provide overcurrent protection for two 120 volt circuits. Installation is as simple as mounting a conventional circuit breaker in a Siemens load center. After power is switched off and the trim removed, the Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrestor or Circuit Breaker and TVSS plugs into place. A wire is provided to connect the neutral side of the module to the load centers neutral bus. It is best to position the device in the first position of the load center and connect the wire in the first neutral position. This keeps the ground path for the SPD as short as possible. 28

Circuit Breaker and Secondary Surge Arrester Circuit Breaker and TVSS Initial Clamping Level Transient Energy Rating Secondary Surge Arrester Voltage Rating TVSS Voltage Rating Peak Current Rating (Impulse) Discharge Voltage Characteristic (line-to-neutral) Circuit Breaker Interrupting Rating Refer to the product warranty for warranty details. 360 Volts 460 Joules line-to-neutral 920 Joules line-to-line 170 Volts AC max. line-to-ground Not Applicable 40,000 Amps at 1500 Amps, 600 Volts at 5000, Amps 800 Volts 10,000 Amps, 120/240 Volts AC Discharge Current Withstand Rating (line-to-neutral) 10,000 Amps 240 Volts 360 Joules line-to-neutral 720 Joules line-to-line Not Applicable 500 Volts peak, line-to neutral 1000 Volts peak, line-to-line 40,000 Amps at 1500 Amps, 600 Volts at 5000, Amps 800 Volts 10,000 Amps 10,000 Amps, 120/240 Volts AC

TPSA9040 Point-of-Entry TVSS

The TPSA9040 is a UL listed point-of-entry TVSS designed to shield motor-driven appliances against electrical power surges, including surges caused by lightning, from entering through the service entrance load center.

Phase Indicators
L2

On-Full Protection

Off-No Proection
L1

The TPSA9040 TVSS is mounted external to the load center and can be used with Siemens or non-Siemens load centers.
L1

Off-No Proection

CAUTION

Load Center/Panelboard
Black 2-Pole 20 Amp Black Circuit Breaker

Neutral Bus For a service entrance panel, the neutral and ground bus are both grounded. Ground Bus

White

Green

L2

On-Full Protection

TPSA9040 Point-of-Entry TVSS

Disconnect all power supplying this equipment before replacing. Failure to do so will result in death or serious injury.

Phase Indicators

DANGER

HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE

CAUTION

DANGER
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE
Disconnect all power supplying this equipment before replacing. Failure to do so will result in death or serious injury.

29

The TPSA9040 TVSS uses multiple MOV technology with thermal disconnects to prevent catastrophic failure. Two LED indicators and an audible alarm provide system status indications.
TPSA9040 Initial Clamping Level Transient Energy Rating Spike Capacity Line Voltage Rated Voltage Short Circuit Rating 400 Volts 1080 Joules line-to-neutral 40,000 Amps 120/240 Volts, 1-Phase 150 Volts 10,000 Amps

Refer to the product warranty for warranty details.

Single-Phase and Three-Phase Lightning Arresters

Siemens TPSASA1 single-phase and TPSESA3 three-phase secondary surge arresters, also called lightning arresters, are UL listed and designed to protect electrical equipment from the damaging effects of spikes and notches caused by lightning, utility switching, electric motor cycling, and other large or sudden changes in electrical power flowing on incoming AC power lines.

SURGE ARRESTER
MODEL: TPS-ASA1
120-240VAC MCOV-175VAC (L-G) WHITE-GROUND BLACK-LINE

SURGE ARRESTER
MODEL: TPS-ESA3
120-240VAC MCOV-175VAC (L-G) WHITE-GROUND BLACK-LINE

e103120

C0401 C

UL
o

2E03

US LISTED

e103120

C0401 C

UL
o

2E03

US LISTED

TPSASA1 Single-Phase Lightning Arrester (Secondary Surge Arrester)

TPSESA3 Three-Phase Lightning Arrester (Secondary Surge Arrester)

120 Volts 120 Volts

Neutral

480 Volts

240 Volts

Neutral

277 Volts

277 Volts 277 Volts B L K B L K W H T B L K B L K

TPSASA1 Single-Phase Lightning Arrester

TPSESA3 Three-Phase Lightning Arrester

30

These secondary surge arresters can be used to provide surge protection for a variety of equipment such as: outdoor lighting, pumps, workshops, farm equipment, electric motors, heat pumps, air conditioning, etc.
TPSASA1 Single-Phase Lightning Arrester Initial Clamping Level Peak Current Rating (Impulse) Max. Continuous Operating Voltage Service Voltage 500 Volts 25,000 Amps 175 Volts AC line-to-ground 120/240 Volts AC TPSESA3 Three-Phase Lightning Arrester 500 Volts 25,000 Amps 550 Volts AC line-to-ground 277Y/480 Volts AC

Refer to the product warranty for warranty details.

Review 4 1. Siemens Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester and Circuit Breaker and TVSS each provide point-of-entry surge protection and incorporate two 1-pole ________ circuit breakers.

2. In comparison to the Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester, the Circuit Breaker and TVSS has a lower ________ that provides increased protection for connected devices. 3. Unlike the Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester or the Circuit Breaker and TVSS, the TPSA9040 TVSS is mounted ________ to the load center and can be used with Siemens or non-Siemens load centers. 4. Siemens TPSASA1 lightning arrester is designed for use in 120/240 V, ________ circuits and Siemens TPSESA3 lightning arrester is intended for use in 277Y/480 V ________ circuits.

31

Signal Line Surge Protection

Siemens offers two devices intended to provide point-of-entry or point-of-use surge protection for signal line circuits. TPSTEL Telecommunication Siemens TPSTEL Telecommunication Protector is a UL listed Protector device that provides lightning protection for equipment connected to RJ45 modem, fax, or DSL telephone lines.
OUT

TPS TEL

IN

TPSTEL Telecommunication Protector Catastrophic Surge Protection Overcurrent Protection Spike Capacity Let Through Voltage Response Time Data Lines Protected Yes Yes 200 Amps < 260 Volts 1 nsec. RJ45 pins 3, 4, 5, and 6

Refer to the product warranty for warranty details.

TPSCOAX Coaxial Protector Siemens TPSCOAX Coaxial Protector is a UL listed device that provides lightning protection for equipment connected to a TV coaxial cable. This includes cables associated with cable TV as well as cables connected directly to an antenna.
OUT

TPS COAX

TPSCOAX Coaxial Protector Frequency Range Catastrophic Surge Protection Overcurrent Protection Spike Capacity Let Through Voltage Response Time Insertion Loss 1 MHz through 1.45 GHz Yes Yes 200 Amps < 85 Volts 1 nsec. 0 to 3.0 db

Refer to the product warranty for warranty details.

32

Point-of-Use Surge Protection

Point-of-use surge protection in a home typically consists of a power strip with an SPD circuit built in. Point-of-use surge protection should be used anywhere expensive and sensitive electrical equipment is used. In addition to providing protection from surges generated by air conditioners, major appliances, or other large loads connected to the home power distribution system, point-of-use SPDs provide an additional line of defense from surges created outside the home.
MOV On/OFF Power Switch Indicator Light Miniature Circuit Breaker Surge Protection Circuitry

Electrical Outlet

Home Entertainment

The use of expensive and sensitive electronic equipment in the home is on the rise. Todays home entertainment centers, for example, may include a large-screen television set, stereo equipment, a DVD player, and satellite or cable equipment.

Point-of-Use Surge Protection

33

Home Office

Today, millions of homes have home offices. Home offices include computers, fax machines, printers, copiers, scanners, and telephones. Home offices benefit from point-of-use surge protection because the replacement cost of equipment is high. Home offices are frequently associated with a home business. The expense of lost business while equipment is down can be significant.

Point-of-Use Surge Protection

Other Uses for Point-of-Use SPDs

In addition to home entertainment centers and home offices, the number of expensive electronic devices or appliances with built-in electronic circuits connected to a home power distribution system continues to grow. As previously discussed, any of these devices can be damaged by catastrophic or repetitive surges. Therefore, no surge protection system is complete without appropriate use of SPDs to protect this equipment. Too often, home owners seek inexpensive solutions to connecting and protecting expensive equipment. Inexpensive extension cords, add-on outlets, and basic power strips provide no surge protection, leaving equipment susceptible to performance degradation and damage.

Basic Power Strips

34

Basic Surge Protection

Home owners may also settle for an inexpensive surge protected power strip. Some of these may have a fuse or miniature circuit breaker that can be reset, but provide no visual indication that the surge protection circuitry is functioning. A home owner may think the connected equipment is protected, when in reality it is not.

Visual Indication

Good point-of-use surge protectors, like good point-of-entry surge protectors, will sacrifice themselves, and not the connected equipment, in the event of a catastrophic surge. It is important to note that many point-of-use surge protectors continue to supply power to equipment even when the surge protection circuitry is damaged. Good point-of-use surge protection devices provide visual indication that the surge protection circuitry is functional and protecting the connected equipment.

35

Commercial and Industrial TVSSs

It is not within the scope of this course to cover commercial and industrial use of SPDs; however, the need for surge protection in commercial and industrial power distribution systems is even greater than for a home system. Not only are the sources of surges more numerous and significant in commercial and industrial applications, but the cost of equipment subject to damage from surges is also greater. Fortunately, Siemens offers multiple options for building in SPDs into new equipment as well as add-on surge protection equipment for existing commercial and industrial power distribution systems. Refer to the Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors section of the SPEEDFAX catalog for additional information.

Phase Indicators On-Full Protection Off-No Proection

CAUTION

DANGER
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE
Disconnect all power supplying this equipment before replacing. Failure to do so will result in death or serious injury.

Danger
High Voltage

36

Review 5 1. Siemens ________ Telecommunication Protector is a UL listed device that provides lightning protection for equipment connected to telephone lines.

2. Siemens ________ Coaxial Protector is a UL listed device that provides lightning protection for equipment connected to a TV coaxial cable. 3. ________ surge protection in a home provides protection from surges created by large loads connected to the home power distribution system and provides an additional line of defense from surges created outside the home. 4. The need for surge protection in commercial and industrial power distribution systems is ________ the need for surge protection in the home. a. less than b. greater than c. about the same as

37

Review Answers

Review 1 1) single, three; 2) 120; 3) sag, swell; 4) surge; 5) safety; 6) voltage. Review 2 1) Lightning; 2) telephone lines, TV cables; 3) joule; 4) MOV; 5) ground; 6) line, load. Review 3 1) a; 2) c; 3) d. Review 4 1) QP; 2) clamping voltage; 3) external; 4) single-phase, threephase. Review 5 1)TPSTEL; 2) TPSCOAX; 3) Point-of-use; 4) b.

38

Final Exam

The final exam is intended to be a learning tool. The book may be used during the exam. A tear-out answer sheet is provided. After completing the test, mail the answer sheet in for grading. A grade of 70% or better is passing. Upon successful completion of the test a certificate will be issued. 1. An increase of at least ten percent in current and voltage that typically lasts only a few microseconds is referred to as a/an ________. a. surge b. swell c. sag d. notch Generally, the most damaging source of electrical surges comes from ________. a. motor driven equipment b. lightning strikes c. household equipment d. utility companies switching primary circuits A 100 watt lamp uses 100 joules of energy per ________. a. hour b. minute c. second d. millisecond ________ is a measure of the voltage-limiting capability of an MOV. a. Peak current rating b. Clamping voltage c. Peak impulse rating d. Joule rating

2. 3. 4.

39

5.

A/An ________ is a device used in surge protectors that switches from a high resistance to a low resistance when a voltage surge occurs. a. MOV b. inductor c. capacitor d. resistor The NEC defines a type 2 SPD as an SPD permanently connected ________.

6.

a. at the service entrance in front of the main disconnect b. on the load side of the service disconnect overcurrent protection device c. only at the point of use d. either in front of or on the load side of the service disconnect overcurrent protection device 7 . 8. A good whole-house surge protection strategy requires all of the following except ____________. a. point-of-use SPDs b. signal line SPDs c. point-of-entry surge protection d. GFCIs According to the NEC a ________ is connected between the service transformer and the service disconnect overcurrent protection device. a. type 1 SPD b. type 2 SPD c. type 3 SPD d. type 4 SPD Which of the following SPD ratings is measured in joules? a. clamping voltage rating b. peak current rating c. transient energy rating d. short circuit current rating

9.

40

10. Siemens Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester incorporates two 1-pole ___ amp or two 1-pole ___ amp QP circuit breakers. a. 5, 10 b. 5, 15 c. 10, 15 d. 15, 20

11. Siemens Circuit Breaker and TVSS is available with two 1pole ___ amp QP circuit breakers. a. 20 b. 5 c. 15 d. 10

12. In comparison to the Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester, Siemens Circuit Breaker and TVSS has a ________ clamping voltage that provides ________ protection for connected devices. a. lower, less b. higher, increased c. higher, less d. lower, increased

13. Siemens ________ is mounted external to the load center and can be used with Siemens or non-Siemens load centers. a. Circuit Breaker and Surge Arrester b. Circuit Breaker and TVSS c. TPSA9040 point-of-entry TVSS d. None of the above

14. Siemens ________ is a single-phase lightning arrester. a. TPSTEL b. TPSCOAX c. TPSASA1 d. TPSESA3

41

15. Siemens ________ is a three-phase lightning arrester. a. TPSTEL b. TPSCOAX c. TPSASA1 d. TPSESA3

16. Siemens ________ provides lightning protection for equipment connected to telephone lines. a. TPSTEL b. TPSCOAX c. TPSASA1 d. TPSESA3

17 . Siemens ________ provides lightning protection for equipment connected to a TV cable. a. TPSASA1 b. TPAESA3 c. TPSTEL d. TPSCOAX

18. Point-of-use surge suppressors ________. a. are not needed if a point-of-entry SPD is used. b. are only needed for telephone or TV signal lines. c. are generally not needed d. are an important part of a whole-house surge protection strategy

19. A good point-of-use surge protector ________. a. is essentially just a power strip b. provides visual indication that the surge protection circuitry is functional c. works better if connected to a long extension cord d. will not sacrifice itself in the event of a catastrophic failure

20. The need for surge protection in industrial and commercial power distribution systems is ________. 42 a. even greater than for a home distribution system b. less than for a home distribution system c. about the same as for a home distribution system d. negligible

43

quickSTEP Online Courses

quickSTEP online courses are available at http://www.sea.siemens.com/step. The quickSTEP training site is divided into three sections: Courses, Downloads, and a Glossary. Online courses include reviews, a final exam, the ability to print a certificate of completion, and the opportunity to register in the Sales & Distributor training database to maintain a record of your accomplishments. From this site the complete text of all STEP courses can be downloaded in PDF format. These files contain the most recent changes and updates to the STEP courses. A unique feature of the quickSTEP site is our pictorial glossary. The pictorial glossary can be accessed from anywhere within a quickSTEP course. This enables the student to look up an unfamiliar word without leaving the current work area.

44