Introductory Tutorial - Parts I & II

Introductory Tutorial
Parts I & II

ETABS 2013
Integrated Building Design Software

ISO ETA032913M3 Rev. 0 Berkeley, California, USA

March 2013

COPYRIGHT

Copyright Computers and Structures, Inc., 1978-2013. All rights reserved. The CSI Logo and ETABS are registered trademarks of Computers and Structures, Inc. Watch & LearnTM is a trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. The computer program ETABS and all associated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products. Worldwide rights of ownership rest with Computers & Structures, Inc. Unlicensed use of this program or reproduction of documentation in any form, without prior written authorization from Computers & Structures, Inc., is explicitly prohibited. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior explicit written permission of the publisher. Further information and copies of this documentation may be obtained from: Computers & Structures, Inc. 1995 University Avenue Berkeley, California 94704 USA Phone: (510) 649-2200 FAX: (510) 649-2299 e-mail: [email protected] (for general questions) e-mail: [email protected] (for technical support questions) web: www.csiberkeley.com

DISCLAIMER

CONSIDERABLE TIME, EFFORT AND EXPENSE HAVE GONE INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THIS SOFTWARE. HOWEVER, THE USER ACCEPTS AND UNDERSTANDS THAT NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY THE DEVELOPERS OR THE DISTRIBUTORS ON THE ACCURACY OR THE RELIABILITY OF THIS PRODUCT. THIS PRODUCT IS A PRACTICAL AND POWERFUL TOOL FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN. HOWEVER, THE USER MUST EXPLICITLY UNDERSTAND THE BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE MODELING, ANALYSIS, AND DESIGN ALGORITHMS AND COMPENSATE FOR THE ASPECTS THAT ARE NOT ADDRESSED. THE INFORMATION PRODUCED BY THE SOFTWARE MUST BE CHECKED BY A QUALIFIED AND EXPERIENCED ENGINEER. THE ENGINEER MUST INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE RESULTS AND TAKE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE INFORMATION THAT IS USED.

Contents

Introductory Tutorial
Part I - Steel Building Example
The Project Step 1 Begin a New Model Define an Auto Select Section List Add Frame Objects Set Up to Add Objects to Multiple Stories Simultaneously Draw Column Objects Save the Model Draw the Lateral Force-Resisting Beam Objects Draw the Secondary (Infill) Beam Objects Add Shell Objects Draw the Floor Shell Objects Add Exterior Cladding for Wind Load Application Draw the Cladding 2 2 7 12 12 13 18 18 20 23 23 26 26

Step 2

Step 3

Introductory Tutorial

Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 Step 11 Step 12 Step 13

Add a Wall Stack Define Static Load Patterns Assign Gravity Loads Define a Developed Elevation Assign Wind Loads Review Tabular Display of Input Data Run the Analysis Graphically Review the Analysis Results Design the Composite Beams Design the Steel Frame

30 32 36 40 43 48 51 52 56 63

Part II - Concrete Building Example

The Project Step 1 Step 2 Begin a New Model Add Floor Openings Set Up to Add Objects to Multiple Stories Simultaneously Draw Shell Objects Save the Model Add Walls Define Static Load Patterns Review Diaphragms Review the Load Cases Run the Analysis Display the Results Design the Concrete Frames Design the Shear Walls 74 74 81 81 81 84 84 86 89 92 94 96 99 104

Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10

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Tutorial

Part I - Steel Building Example

This manual provides step-by-step instructions for building a basic ETABS model. Each step of the model creation process is identified, and various model construction techniques are introduced. If you follow the instructions, you will build the model shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 An Example of a Model

Introductory Tutorial

The Project
The example project is an irregularly shaped four-story building with an external elevator core. The first story is 15 feet high and stories 2, 3, and 4 are each 12 feet high. The bays are 24 feet in the X and Y directions. The lateral force resisting system consists of intersecting moment frames (the elevator core is structurally isolated). The floors consist of 3 inches of concrete over a 3-inch-deep metal deck. The secondary (infill) beams are designed as composite beams. The lateral-force resisting beams that connect the columns are designed as noncomposite beams. The architect for the building has requested that the maximum beam depth not exceed that of a W18 beam to allow sufficient clearance for ductwork running beneath the beams.

Step 1 Begin a New Model

In this Step, the story height and girds are set. Then a list of sections that fit the parameters set by the architect for the design are defined. A. Start the program. The Start Page will display. B. Click the New Model button on the Start Page and the Model Initialization form shown in Figure 2 will display.

Figure 2 Model Initialization form

The Project

Part I - Steel Building Example C. Choose the Use Built-in Settings With: option. D. Select U.S. Customary base units from the Display Units drop-down list on the Model Initialization form. To review the display units hold the mouse cursor over the information icon . To change the units once initialized, click the Options menu > Display Units command. E. Select AISC14 from the Steel Section Database drop-down list. F. Select AISC360-10 from the Steel Design Code drop-down list on the Model Initialization form. Click the OK button and the New Model Quick Templates form shown in Figure 3 will display. The New Model Quick Templates form is used to specify horizontal grid line spacing, story data, and template models. Template models provide a quick, easy way of starting a model. They automatically add structural objects with appropriate properties to the model. We highly recommend that you start your models using templates whenever possible. However, in this example, the model is built from scratch, rather than using a template.

Figure 3 New Model Quick Templates form

Step 1 Begin a New Model

Introductory Tutorial G. Set the number of stories in the Number of Stories edit box to 4. H. Type 180 in into the Bottom Story Height edit box and press the Enter key on your keyboard (be sure you type in). Notice that the program automatically converts the 180 in to 15 because the input unit for this edit box is feet (180 inches = 15 feet). I. Click the Blank button in the Add Structural Objects area - the button should be highlighted by a dark blue border.

J. Click the OK button to display the blank windows and origin. In addition to the origin, the program also shows the horizon. We will shut off the horizon in the next steps so that the model grids will be more visible. K. Click the Set Display Options button or use the View menu > Set Display Options command. The Set View Options form shown in Figure 4 will display.

Figure 4 Set View Options form

Step 1 Begin a New Model

Part I - Steel Building Example L. Uncheck the Horizon option in the Other Special Items area of the General tab and check the Apply to All Windows option. M. Click the OK button and the main ETABS window displays as shown in Figure 5.

Display Title Tab (Active) Window List

Coordinate System Similar Stories

Figure 5 The ETABS main window

Current Units

The model appears on screen in the main ETABS window with two view windows tiled vertically, a Plan View on the left and a 3-D View on the right, as shown in Figure 5. The number of view windows can be changed using the Window List button. View windows may be closed by clicking on the Close [X] button next to the Window List button. Note that the Plan View is active in Figure 5. When the window is active, the display title tab is highlighted. Set a view active by clicking anywhere in the view window. The location of the active Plan View is highlighted on the 3-D View by a Bounding Plane. The Bounding Plane may be toggled on and off by using the Options menu > Show Bounding Plane command. Step 1 Begin a New Model 5

Introductory Tutorial Although this tutorial will consist of only one tower, the default T1, ETABS allows multiple towers to exist in the same model. Additional towers may be defined by first using the Options menu > Allow Multiple Towers command and then the Edit menu > Edit Towers, Stories and Grid Systems command. Every object (columns, beams, walls, etc.) in the model will be associated with one, and only one, tower. If you change the views, return to the default previously described, with the Plan View active as shown in Figure 5.

Edit the Horizontal Grid

Defining a grid system allows for the rapid and accurate placement of objects when drawing. Grid lines also determine object meshing and the location of elevation views. A. Click the Edit menu > Edit Stories and Grid Systems command, which will display the Edit Story and Grid System Data form. B. Highlight G1 in the Grid Systems area and click the Modify/Show Grid System button to display the Grid System Data form. C. On the Grid System Data form, click the Quick Start New Rectangular Grids button in the Rectangular Grids area, which will display the Quick Cartesian Grids form shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 Quick Cartesian Grids form

Step 1 Begin a New Model

Part I - Steel Building Example D. On the Quick Cartesian Grids form, verify that the number of grid lines in each direction is set to 4, and that the spacing of the grids in both the X and Y directions is set to 24 ft. E. Click the OK button three times to display the grid.

Define an Auto Select Section List

An auto select selection list is simply a list of sections, for example, W18X35, W18X40, W21X44, W21X50 and W24X55. Auto select section lists can be assigned to frame members. When an auto select selection list is assigned to a frame object, the program can automatically select the most economical, adequate section from the auto select section list when it is designing the member. The program has several built-in auto select section lists. Some of those lists will be used later in these instructions. Because the architect requested that the beams be no deeper than W18, it is useful to create an auto select section list that contains W16 and W18 beams now. A. Click the Define menu > Section Properties > Frame Sections command, which will display the Frame Properties form shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7 Frame Properties form

Step 1 Begin a New Model

Introductory Tutorial B. Click the Import New Properties button in the Click to area of the Frame Properties form. The Frame Property Shape Type form shown in Figure 8 appears.

Figure 8 Frame Property Shape Type form

C. Select I/Wide Flange from the Section Shape drop-down list in the Shape Type area and then click on the OK button, or click on the I/Wide Flange Section button under Steel in the Frequently Used Shape Types area of the Frame Property Shape Type form. The Frame Section Property Import Data form shown in Figure 9 appears. D. Confirm that in the Filter area the Section Shape Type drop-down list shows I/Wide Flange. E. Scroll down the list of sections in the Select Section Properties To Import area to find the W16X26 section. Click once on that section to highlight it. This is the first section in an auto select section list for lateral beams.

Step 1 Begin a New Model

Part I - Steel Building Example

Figure 9 Frame Section Property Import Data form

F. Scroll further down the list of beam sections in the Select Section Properties To Import area to find the W18X175 beam. Press the Shift key on your keyboard and then click once on the W18X175 beam. You should now have all of the beams between the W16X26 and the W18X175, inclusive, highlighted. G. Click the OK button to return to the Frame Properties form. The Properties area should now list the sections just highlighted. H. Click the OK button to close the Frame Properties form and accept the changes just made. I. In the Model Explorer window, click on the Properties node on the Model tab to expand the tree. If the Model Explorer is not displayed, click the Options menu > Show Model Explorer command.

Step 1 Begin a New Model

Introductory Tutorial J. On the expanded tree, right-click on the Frame Sections branch to display a context sensitive menu. On this menu, click on the Add New Frame Property command to display the Frame Property Shape Type form. K. Select Auto Select from the Section Shape drop-down list in the Shape Type area and then click the OK button, or click on the Autoselect Section List button under Special in the Frequently Used Shape Types area of the Frame Property Shape Type form. The Frame Section Property Data form shown in Figure 10 appears.

Figure 10 Frame Section Property Data form

L. Type AUTOLATBM in the Property Name edit box. M. Click once on the W16X26 section in the Choose Sections in Auto Select List area to highlight it.

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Step 1 Begin a New Model

Part I - Steel Building Example N. Scroll further down the list of sections in the Available Sections to find the W18X175 section. Press and hold the Shift key on your keyboard and then click once on the W18X175 section. You should now have all of the sections between the W16X26 and the W18X175, inclusive, highlighted. O. Click the Add button to add the selected beams to the Auto Select List on the right side of the form. P. Click the OK button. Q. Click the Define menu > Section Properties > Frame Sections command to display the Frame Properties form. R. Click the Import New Properties button to display the Frame Property Shape Type form. S. Click on the Autoselect Section List button under Special in the Frequently Used Shape Types area. The Frame Section Property Import Data form appears. T. Click once on the A-CompBm section in the Select Section Properties To Import area, and while holding down the Ctrl key (not the Shift key) on your keyboard, click again on the A-LatCol section. These items are default auto select section lists provided by the program for composite beams and lateral columns, respectively. U. Click the OK button to return to the Frame Properties form. The ACompBm and A-LatCol auto select lists should be present in the properties area. V. Click the OK button to accept your changes. W. Click anywhere in the Plan View to make it active.

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

In this Step, the program is set up to add objects to multiple stories simultaneously. Then the structural objects are added to the model.

Set Up to Add Objects to Multiple Stories Simultaneously

Make sure that the Plan View is active. To make a window active, move the cursor, or mouse arrow, over the view and click the left mouse button. When a view is active, the Display Title Tab is in highlighted. The location of the Display Title Tab is indicated in Figure 5. A. Click the drop-down list that reads "One Story" at the bottom right of the Main window, which is shown in Figure 5. B. Highlight Similar Stories in the list. This activates the Similar Stories option for drawing and selecting objects. C. To review the current Similar Story definitions, click the Edit menu > Edit Stories and Grid Systems command. The Edit Story and Grid System Data form appears. On this form, click the Modify/Show Story Data button to display the Story Data form shown in Figure 11. Note the Master Story and Similar To columns in the form. With the Similar Stories option active, as additions or changes are made to a storyfor example, Story 4those additions and changes will also apply to all stories that have been designated as Similar To Story 4 on the Story Data form. By default, the program has defined Story 4 as a Master story and, as shown in Figure 11, Stories 1, 2 and 3 are Similar To Story 4. This means that, with Similar Stories active, any drawing or selection performed on any one story will apply to all of the other stories. A story can be set as Similar To NONE so that additions or changes will not affect it. D. We will not make any changes to the forms, so click the Cancel buttons two times to close the forms.

12

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example

Figure 11 Story Data form

Draw Column Objects

Make sure that the Plan View is active. A. Click the Quick Draw Columns button or use the Draw menu > Draw Beam/Column/Brace Objects > Quick Draw Columns command. The Properties of Object form for columns shown in Figure 12 will display "docked" in the lower left-hand corner of the program.

Figure 12 Properties of Object form for columns

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

13

Introductory Tutorial Hold the left mouse button down on the Properties of Object tab to move the box elsewhere in the display, or to dock it at another location using the docking arrows. B. Make sure that the Property item on the Properties of Object form is set to A-LatCol. If it is not, click once in the drop-down list opposite the Property item to activate and then select A-LatCol from the resulting list. A-LatCol is a built-in auto select section list intended to be used for lateral force resisting columns. If you want to review sections included in A-LatCol, or any of the other auto select section lists, (1) click the Define menu > Section Properties > Frame Sections command. The Frame Properties form will appear. (2) Highlight A-LatCol in the Properties list. (3) Click the Modify/Show Property button. The Frame Section Property Data form will display; the sections included in the A-LatCol auto select section list are listed in the Auto Select List area of the form. (4) Click the Cancel buttons to close the forms. Note that sections may also be reviewed using a right-click on the A-LatCol leaf under the Frame Sections branch in the Model Explorer and selecting the Modify/Show A-LatCol command. C. Double click in the Angle edit box on the Properties of Object form and type 90 to set the angle to 90. This means that the columns will be rotated 90 degrees from their default position. D. To draw the first column, left click once in the Plan View at the intersection of grid lines D and 1. An I-shaped column should appear at that point in the Plan View. Also, in the 3D View, note that the column is displayed extending over all story levels even though the column was drawn at only one story level. This occurs because the Similar Stories feature is active. E. Click once in the Plan View at the intersection of grid lines D and 2 to draw the second column. F. Now change the Angle item in the Properties of Object form from 90 to 0.

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Step 2 Add Frame Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example

Selection Box
Figure 13 Drawing column objects in a windowed region

G. Now draw the remaining columns in one action by "windowing" around the grid intersections as shown in Figure 13. To "window," click the left mouse button above and to the left of grid intersection A-4 and then, while holding the left mouse button down, drag the mouse until it is below and to the right of grid intersection C-1. A selection box similar to that shown in Figure 13 should expand around the grid line intersections as the mouse is dragged across the model. Release the left mouse button and the program will draw the column objects at the grid line intersections. Note that these columns appear rotated 90 degrees from the first two. H. Click the Select Object button, Draw mode to Select mode. I. , to change the program from

Hold down the Ctrl key on your keyboard and left click once in the Plan View on column A-2. A selection list similar to the one shown in Figure 14 pops up because multiple objects exist at the location 15

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

Introductory Tutorial that was clicked. In this example, a joint object and a column object exist at the same location. Note that the selection list will only appear when the Ctrl key is used with the left click.

Figure 14 Selection List form

J. Select the column from the list by clicking on it and then on the OK button. The column at A-2 is now selected. It is selected over its entire height because the Similar Stories feature is active. Note that the status bar in the bottom left-hand corner of the main ETABS window indicates that 4 frames have been selected. K. Repeat the selection process at B-2, A-3, C-3 and C-4. The status bar should indicate that 20 frames have been selected. L. Click the Assign menu > Frame > Local Axes command to access the form shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15 Frame Assignment - Local Axis form

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Step 2 Add Frame Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example M. Click the Orient with Grid System option and then select the Frame object major direction is Y option in the form and then click the OK button. The selected columns rotate 90 degrees. Notice the colored arrows associated with each column. Those arrows indicate the local axes directions. The red arrow is always in the local 1 direction, the green arrow is in the local 2 direction and the blue arrow is in the local 3 direction. Currently, the red arrow is not visible because it (and thus the column local 1-axis) is perpendicular to the screen. Click the Assign menu > Clear Display of Assigns command to clear the display of the arrows. N. Click the Set Display Options button . When the Set View Options form displays, check the Extrude Frames check box in the Special Effects area and check the Apply to All Windows check box followed by the OK button. The model should now appear as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16 The example model with the columns drawn

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

Save the Model

During development, save the model often. Although typically you will save it with the same name, thus overwriting previous models, you may occasionally want to save your model with a different name. This allows you to keep a record of your model at various stages of development. A. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, , to save your model. Specify the directory in which you want to save the model and, for this example, specify the file name SteelFrame.

Draw the Lateral Force-Resisting Beam Objects

Make sure that the Plan View is active. Draw the beams between the columns using the following Action Items. A. Click the Quick Draw Beams/Columns button, or the Draw menu > Draw Beam/Column/Brace Objects > Quick Draw Beams/Columns command. The Properties of Object form for frame objects shown in Figure 17 will display "docked" in the lower lefthand corner of the main window.

Figure 17 Properties of Object form for frame objects

B. Click once in the drop-down list opposite the Property item to activate it and then scroll down to select AUTOLATBM in the resulting list. Recall that AUTOLATBM is the auto select section list that was created in Step 1.

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Step 2 Add Frame Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example

Selection Box

Figure 18 Drawing lateral force-resisting beam objects in a windowed region

C. Left click once in the Plan View on grid line D between grid lines 1 and 2. A beam is drawn along the selected grid line. Because the Similar Stories option is active, beams are created at all levels. D. In a similar manner, left click once on grid line 1 between grid lines C and D and then left click once on grid line 2 between grid lines C and D to draw beams in two more locations. E. Now draw the remaining lateral force-resisting beams in one action by windowing around the grid lines to add beams between the columns drawn earlier in Step 2, as shown in Figure 18. To window, click the left mouse button above and to the left of grid intersection A-4 and then, while holding the left mouse button down, drag the mouse until it is below and to the right of grid intersection C-1. A selection box will expand around the grid line intersections as the mouse is dragged across the model. Release the left mouse button to draw the beams.

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

F. Click the Select Object button, Draw mode to Select mode.

, to change the program from

G. Left click once on the beam along grid line C between grid lines 2 and 3 to select it. Press the Delete key on your keyboard or click the Edit menu > Delete command to delete the selection because no beams should connect points C-3 and C-2 in the model. H. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. , to

Draw the Secondary (Infill) Beam Objects

Make sure that the Plan View is active. Now draw the secondary beams that span between girders using the following Action Items. A. Click the Quick Draw Secondary Beams button, or the Draw menu > Draw Beam/Column/Brace Objects > Quick Draw Secondary Beams command. The Properties of Object form for beams shown in Figure 19 will display "docked" in the lower left-hand corner of the main window.

Figure 19 Properties of Object for beams

Make sure that the Property item is set to A-CompBm. If it is not, click once in the drop-down list opposite the Property item to activate it and then select A-CompBm from the resulting list. ACompBm is a built-in auto select section list intended to be used for composite secondary beams. Review the sections included in the ACompBm auto select list as follows: (1) click the Define menu >

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Step 2 Add Frame Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example Section Properties > Frame Sections command. (2) Highlight ACompBm in the properties list. (3) Click the Modify/Show Property button; the sections in the list are displayed in the Auto Select List area of the form. (4) When finished, click the Cancel buttons to close both forms. Make sure that the Approx. Orientation item in the Properties of Object form is set to Parallel to Y or R. B. Left click once in the bay bounded by grid lines C, D, 1 and 2 to draw the first set of secondary beams. C. Draw the remaining secondary beams in one action by windowing around the bays where secondary beams are to be added, as shown in Figure 20. To window, click the left mouse button above and to the left of grid intersection A-4 and then, while holding the left mouse button down, drag the mouse until it is below and to the right of grid intersection C-1. A selection box similar to that shown in Figure 20 will expand as the mouse is dragged across the model. Release the left mouse button to draw the secondary beam objects.

Selection Box

Figure 20 Drawing secondary beam objects in a windowed region

Step 2 Add Frame Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

D. Click the Select Object button, Draw mode to Select mode.

, to change the program from

E. Click the Select using Intersecting Line button, , or click the Select menu > Select > Intersecting Line command to put the program in intersecting line selection mode. In intersecting line selection mode, left click the mouse once to start a line. Then move the mouse to another location, thus creating a selection line. When the left mouse button is double clicked, all objects that are crossed by the selection line are selected.

2
x

Selection Line

Figure 21 Selection using an intersecting line

Refer to Figure 21. Left click the mouse in the Plan View between grid lines 2 and 3 just to the right of grid line B at the point labeled 1 in the figure. Move the mouse pointer to the point labeled 2 in the figure - the selection line should be crossing the unwanted secondary beams in the bay bounded by grid lines 2, 3, B and C. Double click the left mouse button to select the beams.

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Step 2 Add Frame Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example F. Press the Delete key on your keyboard or click the Edit menu > Delete command to delete the selected beams from the model. G. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. , to

Step 3 Add Shell Objects

In this Step, floors are added to the model and exterior cladding is created to which wind load can be assigned in Step 8.

Draw the Floor Shell Objects

Make sure that the Plan View is active. Now draw a shell object to represent the floor using the following Action Items. A. Click the Set Display Options button . When the Set View Options form displays, uncheck the Extrude Frames check box on the General tab and check the Apply to All Windows check box, as shown in Figure 22. Click the OK button.

Figure 22 Set View Options form

B. Click the Draw Floor/Wall button, , or select the Draw menu > Draw Floor/Wall Objects > Draw Floor/Wall command. The Properties of Object form for shells shown in Figure 23 will display "docked" in the lower left-hand corner of the main window.

Step 3 Add Shell Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 23 Properties of Object form for shells

Make sure that the Property item in this box is set to Deck1. If it is not, click once in the drop-down list opposite the Property item to activate it and then select Deck1 in the resulting list. Deck1 is a built-in deck section property with membrane behavior. The deck properties are reviewed in a subsequent Action Item of this step. C. Check that the Snap to Grid Intersections & Points command is active. This will assist in accurately drawing the shell object. This command is active when its associated button is depressed. Alternatively, use the Draw menu > Snap Options command to ensure that these snaps are active. By default, this command is active. D. Click once at column A-1. Then, moving clockwise around the model, click once at these intersection points in this order to draw the outline of the building: A-4, C-4, C-3, B-3, B-2, D-2, and D-1. Press the Enter key on your keyboard to complete the deck object. If you have made a mistake while drawing this object, click the Select Object button, , to change the program from Draw mode to Select mode. Then click the Edit menu > Undo Shell Add command. Repeat Action Items A, B and C. Note in your model the two-headed arrow just above and to the left of column B-2 that indicates the direction of the deck span. The deck is spanning in the global X-direction, perpendicular to the secondary beams - this impacts the distribution of vertical loads to the supporting members. Note that the deck spans in the local 1-axis direction of the associated shell object. E. Click the Select Object button, Draw mode to Select mode. , to change the program from

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Step 3 Add Shell Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example The model now appears as shown in Figure 24.

Figure 24 Model after the floor shell objects have been added

F. Review the Deck1 property that was assigned to the deck section. Click the Define menu > Section Properties > Deck Sections command to access the Deck Properties form. 1. Highlight the Deck1 section and click the Modify/Show Property button. The Deck Property Data form shown in Figure 25 displays. Note that the Modeling Type shows as Membrane. 2. Set the Slab Depth, tc item to 3 to indicate that the slab depth above the metal deck is 3 inches. 3. Click the OK button and then click the OK button on the Deck Properties form to accept your changes. G. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. , to

Step 3 Add Shell Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 25 Deck Property Data form

Add Exterior Cladding for Wind Load Application

Exterior cladding consisting of "dummy" shell objects that have no mass or stiffness will be added to the model. The areas will be used in Step 8 to apply wind load to the building.

Draw the Cladding

Make sure that the Plan View is active. Now draw cladding around the entire perimeter of the building. A. Click the Draw menu > Auto Draw Cladding command. The Cladding Options form shown in Figure 26 will display.

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Part I - Steel Building Example

Figure 26 Cladding Options form

B. Select the Use Floors option and then click the OK button. Cladding is added around the perimeter of the structure forming a building envelope. In this case the building perimeter was defined by the outline of the floor objects. C. Click on the 3-D View tab to make it active. D. Click the Set Elevation View button and select A from the Set Elevation View form. Click the OK button to display the elevation with cladding. E. Right-click on the cladding (not on a beam or column) in the elevation view to display the Object Information form shown in Figure 27. On the Object Information form, note that on the Assignments tab that the Section Property item shows None. This indicates that the cladding is comprised of "dummy" wall-type objects that have no stiffness. Also note that the Area Mass is 0. This means that the cladding is adding no additional mass to the building. These dummy wall objects will be used solely for the purpose of applying wind loads later in the tutorial.

Step 3 Add Shell Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 27 Object Information form for cladding

F. Click the OK button to close the Object Information form. G. Make sure the right-hand Elevation View is active. Click on the Set Default 3D View button, , to change the Elevation View to a 3D View.

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Step 3 Add Shell Objects

Part I - Steel Building Example H. To adjust the transparency of objects, click the Options menu > Graphics Colors > Display command to display the Set Display Colors form. 1. In the Set Transparency area, select a value from 0 to 1, 1 being completely transparent, from the drop-down lists for each object. 2. Click the OK button to accept your changes. H. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. I. Click on the Plan View tab to make it active. , to

Your model now appears as shown in Figure 28.

Figure 28 Model after perimeter cladding objects have been added

Step 3 Add Shell Objects

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Introductory Tutorial

Step 4 Add a Wall Stack

In this Step, a wall stack is added to represent the elevator core. Wall stacks are predefined arrangements of walls that can be added to models with a single click. Make sure that the Plan View is active. A. Click the Draw menu > Draw Wall Stacks command, or the Draw Wall Stacks button, , to access the New Wall Stack form shown in Figure 29.

Figure 29 New Wall Stack form

B. Click on the Multi Cell Wall button to display a two cell core. C. Review the information and data contained in the Layout Data tab on the New Wall Stack form, and then click the OK button. The Properties of Object form for Wall Stacks shown in Figure 30 will display "docked" in the lower left-hand corner of the main window.

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Step 4 Add a Wall Stack

Part I - Steel Building Example

Figure 30 Properties of Object form for Wall Stack objects

D. Click in the Angle edit box on the Properties of Object form, set the angle to 180, and press the Enter key on your keyboard. This will rotate the wall stack object 180 degrees from the default position. E. Left click once in the Plan View such that the top-right corner of the wall stack shown using dashed lines is located at the intersection of grid lines C and 1. This will not be where the cursor is located - the cursor is shown at the center of the wall stack. Notice that the wall stack is also shown in the 3-D View, and that it spans the entire height of the building. The height of the wall stack can be controlled using the Top and Bottom Story drop-down lists in the Properties of Object form. F. Click the Select Object button, Draw mode to Select mode. , to change the program from

G. Click the Select menu > Select > Groups command to display the Select by Groups form. On this form highlight Wallstack1 and then click the Select button followed by the Close button to select the wall stack just drawn. H. Click the Edit menu > Move Joints/Frames/Shells command to display the Move Joints/Frames/Shells form. I. On the Move Joints/Frames/Shells form, type -1.5 into the Delta Y edit box and click the OK button. This moves the wall stack 18 inches away from the building in order to isolate the core structurally.

J. Click the File menu > Save command to save your model.

Step 4 Add a Wall Stack

31

Introductory Tutorial

Step 5 Define Static Load Patterns

The static loads used in this example consist of the dead, live, earthquake and wind loads acting on the building. An unlimited number of load patterns can be defined. For this example building, assume that the dead load consists of the self weight of the building structure, plus 35 psf (pounds per square foot) additional dead load applied to the floors and 0.25 klf (kips per linear foot) additional dead load applied to the beams around the perimeter of the building. The 35 psf additional dead load applied to the floors accounts for items such as partitions, ceiling, mechanical ductwork, electrical items, plumbing, and so forth. The 0.25 klf additional dead load around the perimeter accounts for the cladding. The live load is taken to be 100 psf at each story level. This live load is reducible for steel frame and composite beam design. Note that realistically those loads would probably vary at some of the different floor levels. However, for the purposes of this example, we have chosen to apply the same load to each story level. This example also applies an ASCE 7-10 static earthquake load to the building and an ASCE 7-10 wind load to the building. The forces that are applied to the building to account for the earthquake and wind load are automatically calculated by the program. A. Click the Define menu > Load Patterns command to access the Define Load Patterns form shown in Figure 31. Note that there are two default load patterns defined. They are Dead, which is a dead load, and Live, which is a live load. Note that the Self Weight Multiplier is set to 1 for the Dead pattern. This indicates that this load pattern will automatically include 1.0 times the self weight of all members. B. Click on Live to highlight the row, as shown in Figure 31. Select Reducible Live from the Type drop-down list. Click the Modify

32

Step 5 Define Static Load Patterns

Part I - Steel Building Example Load button to change the load type from live to reducible live. We will apply live load to the structure later.

Figure 31 Define Load Patterns form

C. Double click in the edit box for the Load column. Type the name of the new load; in this case, type Sdead. Select a Type of load from the Type drop-down list; in this case, select Super Dead. Make sure that the Self Weight Multiplier is set to zero. Self weight should be included in only one load pattern; otherwise, self weight might be double counted in the analysis. In this example, self weight has been assigned to the Dead load pattern. Click the Add New Load button to add the Sdead load to the Load list. D. Repeat Action Item C to add a Super Dead-type load named Cladding. We will apply superimposed dead load to the structure later. E. To define the ASCE 7-10 earthquake load, double click in the edit box for the Load column again and type Eqy. Select Seismic for the Type. Make sure the Self Weight Multiplier is zero. Use the Auto Lateral Load drop-down list to select ASCE 7-10; with this option selected, ETABS will automatically apply static earthquake load based on the ASCE 7-10 code requirements. Click the Add New Load button. F. With the Eqy load highlighted, click the Modify Lateral Load button. This will access the ASCE 7-10 Seismic Loading form (the ASCE 7-10 form displays because the Auto Lateral Load type was set to ASCE 7-10 in item E). On this form, uncheck all but the Y Dir option at the top of the form, as shown in Figure 32. Click the OK button. The Define Load Patterns form redisplays.

Step 5 Define Static Load Patterns

33

Introductory Tutorial

Figure 32 ASCE 7-10 Seismic Load Pattern form

G. To define the ASCE 7-10 wind load, double click in the edit box for the Load column again and type Windx. Select Wind as the Type. Select ASCE 7-10 from the Auto Lateral Load drop-down list. Click the Add New Load button. H. With the Windx load highlighted, click the Modify Lateral Load button. This will bring up the Wind Load Pattern - ASCE 7-10 form shown in Figure 33 (the ASCE 7-10 form displays because the Auto Lateral Load type was set to ASCE 7-10 in item G). Select the Exposure from Frame and Shell Objects option. Notice that the form changes, and then check the Include Shell Objects option. The Exposure from Shell Objects option means that the wind load will be applied only in the direction defined by the user-specified wind pressure coefficients explicitly assigned (Step 8) to the dummy vertical shell objects that were drawn earlier. By comparison, selection of the Exposure from Extents of Rigid Diaphragms option would result in the program automatically applying all possible permutations of the ASCE 7-10 wind load to the diaphragms.

34

Step 5 Define Static Load Patterns

Part I - Steel Building Example

Figure 33 ASCE 7-10 Wind Load Pattern form

Type 100 into the edit box for Wind Speed, as shown in Figure 33, and then click the OK button. The Define Load Patterns form redisplays. The Define Load Patterns form should now appear as shown in Figure 34. Click the OK button in that form to accept all of the newly defined load patterns.

Figure 34 The Define Load Patterns form after all load patterns have been defined.

Step 5 Define Static Load Patterns

35

Introductory Tutorial

I.

Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model.

, to

Step 6 Assign Gravity Loads

In this Step, the superimposed dead and live gravity loads will be applied to the model. Make sure that the Similar Stories feature is enabled and that the Plan View is active. A. Verify that lb/ft2 are the units selected for Force/Area by holding the mouse cursor over the Units button in the bottom right-hand corner. B. Click anywhere on the deck (but not on a beam) to select the deck. A dashed line should appear around the perimeter of the deck. This dashed line indicates that the deck has been selected. If you make a mistake in selecting, click the Clear Selection button, again. , and try

The status bar in the lower left-hand corner of the Main ETABS window should indicate that four shell objects have been selected because the Similar Stories feature is active. C. Click the Assign > Shell Loads > Uniform command. This displays the Shell Load Assignment - Uniform form. Select Sdead from the Load Pattern Name drop-down list, as shown in Figure 35.

Figure 35 Shell Load Assignment - Uniform form

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Step 6 Assign Gravity Loads

Part I - Steel Building Example

Note that the Direction specified for the load is Gravity. The gravity load direction is downward; that is, in the negative Global Z direction. 1. Type 35 in the Load edit box. Be sure that the units are shown as lb/ft2. 2. Click the Apply button on the Shell Load Assignment form to apply the superimposed dead load. D. With the Shell Load Assignment - Uniform form still displayed, click anywhere on the deck (but not on a beam) to select the deck. E. Select Live from the Load Pattern Name drop-down box. 1. Type 100 in the Load edit box. The Shell Load Assignment Uniform form should now appear as shown in Figure 36.

Figure 36 Shell Load Assignment - Uniform form

2. Click the Apply button on the Shell Load Assignment - Uniform form to accept the live load. 3. Click the Close button to exit the Shell Load Assignment form.

Step 6 Assign Gravity Loads

37

Introductory Tutorial F. Make the Snap to Grid Intersections and Points command not active. This will make it easier to select the perimeter beams. This command is active when its associated button is depressed. Thus, make sure the button is not depressed. You can also toggle the snap feature using the Draw menu > Snap Options command. G. Select the perimeter beam along grid line A between grid lines 1 and 2 by left clicking on it once in Plan View. Notice that the status bar in the lower left-hand corner of the main ETABS window indicates that four frames have been selected because the Similar Stories feature is active. Also note that the selected lines appear dashed. H. Select the other thirteen perimeter beams in a similar manner. When you have selected all perimeter beams, the status bar should indicate that 56 frames have been selected (14 beams times 4 stories = 56 beams). Note that the Cladding load is being applied to the perimeter beams and not to the deck. I. Click the Assign menu > Frame Loads > Distributed command. This displays the Frame Load Assignment - Distributed form shown in Figure 37. Select Cladding from the Load Pattern Name dropdown list.

Figure 37 Frame Load Assignment - Distributed form

38

Step 6 Assign Gravity Loads

Part I - Steel Building Example 1. Verify that the units are set to kip/ft and then enter 0.25 in the Load edit box that is located in the Uniform Load area of the form. 2. Click the Apply button on the Frame Load Assignment - Distributed form to apply the uniform superimposed dead load that is applied to the perimeter beams to represent the cladding. 3. Click the Close button to exit the Frame Load Assignment form. Note that the Frame Load Assignment - Distributed form also has a Delete Existing Loads option. To delete a load assignment, select the beam(s) and use the Assign menu > Frame Loads > Distributed command to access the form. In the Load Pattern Name drop-down list, locate the load to be removed, select the Delete Existing Loads option and click the OK button. J. Make sure the Plan View is active. Click on the Set Default 3D View button, , to change the Plan View to a 3D View. You should now be able to graphically see the load applied to the perimeter beams, as illustrated in Figure 38.

Figure 38 Frame distributed loads applied to the perimeter beams

Step 6 Assign Gravity Loads

39

Introductory Tutorial K. Click the Assign menu > Clear Display of Assigns command to clear the display of the assigned loads. L. Make sure the left-hand 3D view is active. Click the Set Plan View button and select Story4 from the Select Plan View form. Click the OK button. M. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. , to

Step 7 Define a Developed Elevation

In this Step, a Developed Elevation View of the right-hand side of the building will be defined so that the wind load can be assigned to it in Step 8. A. Click the Draw menu > Draw Developed Elevation Definition command. This displays the Developed Elevation Name form shown in Figure 39.

Figure 39 Developed Elevation Name form

40

Step 7 Define a Developed Elevation

Part I - Steel Building Example 1. Type RIGHT in the New Developed Elevation Name edit box. This will be the name of the Developed Elevation. 2. Click the OK button. Note that the display title tab for the plan view indicates that the program is in the Devel Elev Draw Mode. The model appears as shown in Figure 40.

Click 6, Enter Key

Click 5 Click 4 Click 2 Click 3

Click 1

Figure 40 Developed elevation draw mode

B. Make the Snap to Grid Intersections and Points command active. This will assist in accurately drawing the developed elevation definition. This command is active when its associated button is depressed. Alternatively, use the Draw menu > Snap Options command to ensure that this command is active. C. Working in the left-hand Plan View (Devel Elev Draw Mode (RIGHT)), left click once at Grid D-1. Then moving counterclockwise around the building, left click once at D-2, B-2, B-3, C-3 and C4 in that order. The sequence of clicks is illustrated in Figure 40. It is important to follow this exact sequence.

Step 7 Define a Developed Elevation

41

Introductory Tutorial D. When all of the joints have been clicked, press the Enter key on your keyboard to finish drawing the developed elevation definition. The Plan View changes to an Elevation View showing the developed elevation as shown in Figure 41. The developed elevation is an "unfolded" view of the newly defined elevation. As many developed elevations as desired can be defined. Note however, that a developed elevation can not cross itself and it can not close on itself. Either of those situations would require that the same point occur in two different locations within the developed elevations, which is not allowed. Note that the developed elevation is outlined in the 3-D View.

Figure 41 Developed Elevation View

42

Step 7 Define a Developed Elevation

Part I - Steel Building Example After a developed elevation has been defined, it can be viewed, objects can be drawn on it, assignments can be made to objects in it, and so forth, similar to any other Elevation View. The RIGHT Elevation View will be used in the next step. E. Make sure the Developed Elevation View (i.e., Elevation View RIGHT) is active. Click the Set Plan View button and select Story4 from the Select Plan View form. Click the OK button. F. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. , to

Step 8 Assign Wind Loads

In this Step, wind loads are applied in the X direction to the exterior cladding along grid line A and the developed elevation created in Step 7. Typically, wind pressure coefficients are applied to the vertical surface of a shell object. In such cases, and in this example, a positive wind pressure coefficient applies wind load in the positive local 3-axis direction of the shell object. A negative wind pressure coefficient applies wind load in the negative local 3-axis direction of the shell object. A. Click in the 3D View tab to make that window active. B. Click the View menu > Set Display Options command or click the Set Display Options button, , to access the Set View Options form shown in Figure 42. 1. Select the Object Assignments tab and check the Local Axes check box in the Shell Assignments area to turn on the shell local axes and then click the OK button to exit the form. Red, green and blue arrows display defining the shell object local axes. Recall that Red = 1 axis, Green = 2 axis and Blue = 3 axis.

Step 8 Assign Wind Loads

43

Introductory Tutorial

Figure 42 Set View Options form

The building appears as shown in Figure 43. Notice that for the cladding shell objects along grid line A, the blue arrows representing the local 3-axes point to the left in the negative global X direction. Note the global axes that are located at the origin of the model.

Figure 43 Shell object local axes

44

Step 8 Assign Wind Loads

Part I - Steel Building Example C. Click the Rotate 3D View button, , and then left click in the 3D View and hold down the left mouse button; then drag the mouse to the left. Notice how the view is being rotated. Rotate the view such that you can see the other cladding shell objects located on grid lines B, C and D. Confirm that the local 3 axes for those elements are pointing in the positive global X direction. D. When you have confirmed the direction of the vertical cladding shell objects local 3 axes, click the View menu > Set Display Options command or click the Set Display Options button, , to access the Set View Options form. Uncheck the Local Axes check box in the Shell Assignments area on the Object Assignments tab to turn off the shell local axes display and then click the OK button to exit the form. E. Make sure the 3D View is active and then click on the Set Default 3D View button, , to reset to the default 3D view. F. With the 3D View active, click on the Set Elevation View button, , and select A to reset the view to an elevation of grid line A. Click the OK button to close the form. G. Click the left mouse button and drag the mouse to draw a "rubber band" selection box window around all of the panels in this elevation view, as shown in Figure 44. H. Click the Assign menu > Shell Loads > Wind Pressure Coefficient command, which accesses the Shell Load Assignment - Wind Pressure Coefficient form shown in Figure 45. 1. Select Windx from the Wind Load Pattern Name drop-down list. Set the Coefficient, Cp to -0.8 (make sure to use a negative sign), and choose the Windward (varies) option. Selecting the Windward option means that the wind load applied to these dummy panels will vary over the height of the building

Step 8 Assign Wind Loads

45

Introductory Tutorial in accordance with the building code specified when the wind load was defined, in this case, ASCE 7-10.

Selection Box
Figure 44 Selecting vertical shell objects in an elevation view

Figure 45 Shell Load Assignment Wind Pressure Coefficient form

46

Step 8 Assign Wind Loads

Part I - Steel Building Example

2. Click the Apply button to apply this load. Note that with the negative Cp, the load will act in the positive global X direction. 3. Click the Close button to exit the Wind Pressure Coefficients form. I. With the Elevation View active, click the Set Elevation View button and check the Include User Elevations option. Highlight RIGHT in the Elevations area and click the OK button. In the Developed Elevation View, click the left mouse button once on the cladding between 1D and 2D, once between 2B and 3B, and once between 3C and 4C to select the shell objects with an X face, as shown in Figure 46. The status bar should indicate that 12 shells have been selected.

Click

Click

Click

Figure 46 Selecting vertical shell objects in a developed elevation view

J. Click the Assign menu > Shell Loads > Wind Pressure Coefficient command, to bring up the Shell Load Assignment - Wind Pressure Coefficient form. Set the Coefficient, Cp to 0.5, and select the Lee-

Step 8 Assign Wind Loads

47

Introductory Tutorial ward or Sides (constant) option. Click the OK button to apply this load and close the form. Note that with these shell objects, Cp must be positive for the load to act in the positive global X direction. Selecting the Leeward or Sides option means that the wind load applied to these dummy panels will be constant over the height of the building in accordance with the building code specified when the wind load was defined, in this case, ASCE 7-10. The magnitude of the wind load is based on the elevation of the top of the building. K. Click the Assign menu > Clear Display of Assigns command to clear the display of the wind pressure coefficient assignments. L. Make sure the Elevation View is active and then click on the Set Default 3D View button, , to reset the view to the default 3D view. M. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. , to

Step 9 Review Tabular Display of Input Data

In this Step, a tabular display of the gravity loads that were input in Step 6 will be reviewed. Make sure that the Model Explorer window is visible; if not, click the Options menu > Show Model Explorer command. A. Click the Tables tab in the Model Explorer to display the tables tree. Click on the Model node located under the Tables branch to expand the tree. The Tables tab should now look similar to that shown in Figure 47.

Figure 47 Model Explorer with Tables tab selected

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Step 9 Review Tabular Display of Input Data

Part I - Steel Building Example

B. Click on the Loads node and then on the Applied Loads node to expose the Shell loads - Uniform leaf. The Tables tab should now look similar to that shown in Figure 48.

Figure 48 Model Explorer with Shell Loads - Uniform leaf showing

1. Right click on the Shell Loads - Uniform leaf and from the context sensitive menu select Show Table. The table shown in Figure 49 is displayed along the bottom of the program window.

Figure 49 Table for Uniform Shell Loads

Step 9 Review Tabular Display of Input Data

49

Introductory Tutorial Each row in the table corresponds to a floor object at a particular story level. Notice that the sixth column in the table, labeled Load lb/ft2, displays the uniform surface loads that were input for each of the deck shell objects. The fourth column displays the load pattern, in this case either Live or Sdead, associated with the loads. 2. Right click on Frame Loads - Distributed leaf in the Model Explorer and from the context sensitive menu select Show Table. The table for the applied perimeter girder loads is displayed. 3. Hold the left mouse button down on the tab of a table to move it elsewhere in the display, or to dock it at another location using the docking arrows. 4. Click the [X] button on the title bar of the tables window to close the Frame Loads - Distributed table. The model now appears as shown in Figure 50.

Figure 50 Model with table displayed

5. Click the [X] button on the title bar of the Shell Loads - Uniform table to close the table.

50

Step 9 Review Tabular Display of Input Data

Part I - Steel Building Example

Step 10 Run the Analysis

In this Step, the analysis will be run. A. Click the Define menu > Load Cases command to access the Load Cases form as shown in Figure 51. ETABS automatically generates load cases for each of the previously defined load patterns. Review and verify that the load cases are appropriate, and then click the OK button to exit the form.

Figure 51 Load Cases form

B. Click the Analyze menu > Set Load Cases to Run command to access the Set Load Cases to Run form. Verify on this form that the Action for each case is set to Run, and then click the OK button. C. Click the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command or the Run Analysis button, .

The program will create the analysis model from your object-based ETABS. After the analysis has been completed, the program performs a few bookkeeping actions that are evident on the status bar in the bottom left-hand corner of the ETABS window. When the entire analysis process has been completed, the model automatically displays a deformed shape view of the model, and the model is locked. The model is locked when the Lock/Unlock Model button, , appears locked. Locking the model prevents any changes to the model that would invalidate the analysis results.

Step 10 Run the Analysis

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Introductory Tutorial

Step 11 Graphically Review the Analysis Results

In this Step, the analysis results will be reviewed using graphical representation of the results. A. Make sure the 3D View is active. Then click on the Set Elevation , and select 1 and click the OK button to reset the view to an Elevation View of grid line 1. B. Click the Display Frame... Forces button, , or the Display menu > Force/Stress Diagrams > Frame... Forces command to access the Member Force Diagram form shown in Figure 52. View button,

Figure 52 Member Force Diagram form

1. Select Dead from the Load Case drop-down list. 2. Select the Moment 3-3 component. 3. Uncheck the Fill Diagram if it is checked.

52

Step 11 Graphically Review the Analysis Results

Part I - Steel Building Example 4. Check the Show Values at Controlling Stations on Diagram check box. 5. Click the OK button to generate the moment diagram output shown in Figure 53.

Figure 53 M33 moment diagram in an elevation view

Note that these moment diagrams are plotted with the moment on the tension side of the member. Change this, if desired, using the Options menu > Moment Diagrams on Tension Side command toggle. C. Right click on the top level beam between grid lines A and B to access the Diagram for Beam form shown in Figure 54.

Step 11 Graphically Review the Analysis Results

53

Introductory Tutorial

Figure 54 Force details obtained by right-clicking a beam shown in the elevation view in Figure 53

Note that the applied load, shear, moment and deflection are shown for the beam, and the maximum values are identified on the Diagram for Beam form. 1. Click the Scroll for Values option in the Display Location area and a scroll line appears in each diagram. Drag the scroll line with your mouse to see values at different locations along the beam.

54

Step 11 Graphically Review the Analysis Results

Part I - Steel Building Example 2. Type 6.5 into the Display Location edit box and press the Enter key. The load, shear, moment and deflection values are displayed at this exact location along the beam. 3. Click the Load Case drop-down list and select Cladding from the list to display the forces acting on this beam from the superimposed dead load named Cladding. The Equivalent Loads should display a value of 0.250 kip/ft, which is the cladding load that was applied in Step 6. 4. Click the Done button to close the form. D. Make sure the Elevation View is active and then click the Display menu > Undeformed Shape command or the Show Undeformed Shape button, , to clear the display of the moment diagrams in the Elevation View. E. Make sure the Elevation View is active and then click on the Set Default 3D View button, , to reset the view to the default 3D view as shown in Figure 55.

Figure 55 Undeformed Shape

Step 11 Graphically Review the Analysis Results

55

Introductory Tutorial

Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

In this Step, the composite beams will be designed. Note that the analysis (Step 10) should be run before performing the following Action Items. A. In the Plan View, right click on one of the secondary (infill) beams in the bay bounded by grid lines 1, 2, A and B. The Beam Information form shown in Figure 56 appears.

Figure 56 Beam Information form

Note that the Design tab reports that the Design Procedure is Composite Beam. The program assigned this default design procedure to this frame object because (1) it lies in a horizontal plane, (2) the ends of the beam are pinned (that is, moment is released at each end of the beam), and (3) it is assigned a steel section that is either I-shaped or a channel. To change the design procedure for a beam, select the beam and use the Design menu > Overwrite Frame Design Procedure command. Review the information available on all four tabs of the Beam Information form and then click the Cancel button to close the form.

56

Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

Part I - Steel Building Example B. Click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > View/Revise Preferences command. The Composite Beam Design Preferences form shown in Figure 57 displays.

Figure 57 Preferences form for composite beam design

1. Click the Design Code drop-down list near the bottom of the form to review the available design codes. Select the AISC-36010 code. 2. Review the information available on all five tabs in the Composite Beam Design Preferences form and then click the OK button to accept any changes made to the form. C. Click on the title tab of the 3D View to make it active. D. Click the Set Display Options button . When the Set View Options form displays, uncheck the Object Fill check box as shown in Figure 58. This will remove the display of the fill in the shell objects.

Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 58 Set View Options form

1. In the Objects Present in View area of the form, uncheck the All Null Shells check box. 2. Check the Apply to All Windows check box and click the OK button to accept the changes. E. With the 3D View active, click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > Start Design/Check command to start the design process. The program designs the composite beams, selecting the optimum beam size from the A-CompBm auto select section list that was assigned to them when they were drawn in Step 2. When the design is complete, the selected sizes are displayed on the model. The model appears as shown in Figure 59.

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Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

Part I - Steel Building Example

Figure 59 Model after the initial composite design

F. Click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > Verify Analysis vs Design Section command. A message similar to the one shown in Figure 60 appears. In the initial analysis (Step 10), the program used the median section by weight from the A-CompBm auto select section list. During design (this Step), the program selected a W12X14 design section, which differs from the analysis section used. The message in Figure 60 indicates that the analysis and design sections are different. Click the No button to close the form.

Figure 60 Analysis vs Design Section warning message for an incomplete design

Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

59

Introductory Tutorial The goal is to repeat the analysis (Step 10) and design (Step 12) process until the analysis and design sections are all the same. Note that when the building is reanalyzed (i.e., Step 10 is repeated), ETABS will use the current design sections (i.e., those selected in Step 12) as new analysis sections for the next analysis run. Thus, in the next analysis of this example, the composite beams will be analyzed using W12X14 analysis sections. G. Right click on one of the composite beams in the 3D View shown in Figure 59. The Interactive Composite Beam Design and Review form shown in Figure 61 displays.

Figure 61 Interactive Composite Beam Design and Review form

Note that the Current Design/Next Analysis section is reported as W12X14 and the Last Analysis section is reported as W14X30. The Acceptable Sections List shows all of the beams in the A-CompBm auto select section list and their respective design ratios.

60

Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

Part I - Steel Building Example 1. Click the Details button on the Interactive Composite Beam Design and Review form. The Composite Beam Design Report shown in Figure 62 displays. This report shows comprehensive design information about the beam. Review the information on each of the pages in this report. Then click the [X] in the upper right-hand corner of the form to close it.

Figure 62 Composite Beam Design Report

2. Click the Cancel button to close the Interactive Composite Beam Design and Review form. H. To rerun the analysis with the new analysis sections for the composite beams, click the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command or the Run Analysis button, . I. When the analysis is complete, click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > Start Design/Check command to start the composite beam design process.

J. Click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > Verify Analysis vs Design Section command. The message shown in Figure 63 should display, indicating that the analysis and design sections are the same for all composite beams. If you do not get this message,

Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

61

Introductory Tutorial repeat Action Items H, I and J until you do get it, before proceeding to the next Action Item. Click the OK button.
Figure 63 Analysis vs Design Section warning message for a complete design

K. Click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > Verify All Members Passed command. The message shown in Figure 64 should appear, indicating that all composite beams passed the design check. Click the OK button to close the form.
Figure 64 Verify All Members Passed warning message for a complete design

L. Click the Select All button, , or click the Select menu > Select > All command, or press the Ctrl and A keys simultaneously on your keyboard to select all objects in the model. M. Click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > Make Auto Select Section Null command and click the OK button on the resulting message. This removes the auto select section list assignments from the composite beam members and replaces them with their current design sections. N. Click the Assign menu > Clear Display of Assigns command. Also click the Clear Selection button, , to clear the selection. , to

O. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. The composite beam design is now complete. 62 Step 12 Design the Composite Beams

Part I - Steel Building Example

Step 13 Design the Steel Frame

In this Step, steel frame design is completed. Note that the analysis (Step 10) should be run before performing the following Action Items. A. Click the Select menu > Select > Properties > Frame Sections command. The Select by Frame Property form shown in Figure 65 displays.

Figure 65 Select by Frame Property form

1. Highlight AUTOLATBM in the Frame Properties list and click the Select button. This selects all of the beams assigned the AUTOLATBM auto select section list. 2. Click the Close button to close the form.

63

Introductory Tutorial B. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Lateral Bracing command. The Lateral Bracing form displays. C. Select the User Specified option and click the Specify Point Bracing button. The Point Braces form shown in Figure 66 displays. This form is used to define the points where bracing occurs along the beams.

Figure 66 Point Braces form

1. Verify that the Relative Distance from I-End option is selected this allows ratios to be used for specifying the bracing locations. 2. Click the Add button and type 0.25 in the Location edit box and select Bottom from the Brace Type drop-down list. For this model, bracing is being defined only for the bottom of the beam, as it is assumed that the deck braces the top. 3. Repeat step 2 twice more, entering 0.5 and 0.75 for the locations. We are bracing the beams at the quarter points. 4. Click the OK button to close the Point Braces form.

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Step 13 Design the Steel Frame

Part I - Steel Building Example D. Click the OK button to close the Lateral Bracing form. E. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > View/Revise Preferences command. Select AISC360-10 from the Design Code dropdown list on the Steel Frame Design Preferences form. Click the OK button to close the form. F. In the Plan View, right click on the beam along grid line A between grid lines 1 and 2. The Beam Information form shown in Figure 67 displays. Review the information. Note that the design procedure for this beam is Steel Frame. Click the Cancel button to close the form. G. Click on the title tab of the 3D View to make it active. This allows the design results to appear in the 3D View. H. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Start Design/Check command or click the Steel Frame Design button, , to start the steel frame design process. The columns and the lateral beams that span between columns are designed. I. When the initial design is complete, a form similar to that shown in Figure 68 displays. Similar to composite beam design (described in Step 12), in the initial analysis, the program used the median section by weight from the AUTOLATBM and A-LatCol auto select section lists for the analysis. The design sections chosen differ from the analysis sections used. The message in Figure 68 indicates that the analysis and design sections are different. 1. Click the No button two times to close the different message forms.

Step 13 Design the Steel Frame

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 67 Beam Information form

Figure 68 Analysis vs Design Section warning message for an incomplete design

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Step 13 Design the Steel Frame

Part I - Steel Building Example J. Click on the title tab of the Plan View to activate the view. K. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Display Design Info command. The Display Design Results form displays. 1. Make sure that the Design Output option is selected and that P-M Ratio Colors & Values is selected in the Design Output drop-down list. Then click the OK button. Results are displayed in the Plan View and the model appears as shown in Figure 69.

Right click here

Figure 69 Model after the initial steel frame design

Step 13 Design the Steel Frame

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 70 Steel Stress Check Information form

L. In the Plan View, right click on the beam along grid line C between grid lines 3 and 4 as indicated in Figure 69. The Steel Stress Check Information form shown in Figure 70 displays. Note that the reported analysis and design sections are different. The main body of the form lists the design stress ratios obtained at various stations along the beam for each combination. Note that the program automatically created code-specific design combinations for this steel frame design. (It also did this for the composite design.) Click the Details button on the Steel Stress Check Information form. The Report Viewer shown in Figure 71 displays with detailed design information about the selected member. Note that you can print this information using the Print Report button on the menu bar. Click the [X] in the upper right-hand corner of the Report Viewer to close it. Click the Cancel button to close the Steel Stress Check Information form.

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Part I - Steel Building Example

Figure 71 Report Viewer

M. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Select Design Combinations command. The Design Load Combinations Selection form shown in Figure 72 displays. The Design Combinations list identifies the twelve default steel frame strength design combinations created by the program. Click on DStlS6 to highlight it and then click the Show button. The Load Combination Data form shown in Figure 73 displays, showing how the program defined design combination DStlS6. 1. Click the OK button in the Load Combination Data form to close it. If desired, review other design combination definitions and then click the OK button to close the Data form. 2. Click the Cancel button in the Design Load Combinations Selection form to close it without accepting any changes that may have inadvertently been made. N. Click on the title tab of the Plan View to activate the view.

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 72 Design Load Combinations Selection form

Figure 73 Load Combination Data form

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Step 13 Design the Steel Frame

Part I - Steel Building Example O. Click the Display menu > Undeformed Shape command or the Show Undeformed Shape button, , to clear the display of the stress ratios. P. Click on the title tab of the 3D View to activate the 3D view. Q. To rerun the analysis with the new analysis sections for the steel beams, click the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command or the Run Analysis button, .

R. When the analysis is complete, a deformed shape will display. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Start Design/Check of Structure command or click the Steel Frame Design button, , to start the steel frame design process. When the design is complete, a message will display indicating how many design sections are different from the analysis sections. Click the Yes button to reiterate the analysis and design and repeat this process until the analysis and design sections are the same, which is indicated when no message displays at the end of the design (and the windows "wait cursor" has disappeared). This may take several iterations for this example. S. When the analysis and design sections are the same, click the Select All button, , or click the Select menu > Select > All command, or press the Ctrl and A keys simultaneously on your keyboard to select all objects in the model. T. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Make Auto Select Section Null command and click OK for the resulting message. This removes the auto select section list assignments from the steel frame members and replaces them with their current design sections. U. Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Verify All Members Passed command. A form similar to that shown in Figure 74 should appear indicating that all members passed.

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Figure 74 Verify All Members Passed warning message for a complete design

Note that members not passing at this stage is an indication of inadequate sections in the auto select list. The program would have used the largest section in the auto select list for both analysis and design, finding it inadequate. In that case, either add more sections to the auto select list or assign a larger section to the members that did not pass and continue with the design process. Click the OK button to close the form. V. Click the Clear Section button, , to clear the selection. Click the

File menu > Save command, or the Save button, , to save your model. The steel frame design tutorial is now complete.

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Tutorial

Part II - Concrete Building Example

This manual provides step-by-step instructions for building a concrete ETABS model quickly by using a template. Each step of the model creation process is identified. If you follow the instructions, you will build the model shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 An Example of a Model

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The Project
The example project is a six-story building rectangular in plan. There are 4-22' bays in the X direction and 3-18' bays in the Y direction. Each story is 12 feet high. The lateral force resisting system consists of perimeter concrete moment frames with interior shear walls. The beams are 24" wide by 30" deep, and the columns are 24" square. The walls are 14" thick. The floors consist of 8 inch concrete slabs. In addition to the self-weight of the structure, the building will also be loaded with an additional dead load of 25 psf for partitions and equipment, along with a live load of 80 psf for both the floors and roof. Lateral loading will be wind loads based on the ASCE 7-10 code.

Step 1 Begin a New Model

In this Step, the dimensions and story height are set. Then column, beam, and slab sections are defined along with vertical loads. A. Start the program. The Start Page will display. B. Click the New Model button on the Start Page and the Model Initialization form shown in Figure 2 will display.

Figure 2 Model Initialization form

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The Project

Part II - Concrete Building Example C. Choose the Use Built-in Settings With: option. D. Select U.S. Customary base units from the Display Units drop-down list on the Model Initialization form. To review the display units hold the mouse cursor over the information icon . To change the units once initialized, click the Options menu > Display Units command. E. Select ACI 318-11 from the Concrete Design Code drop-down list. Click the OK button and the New Model Quick Templates form shown in Figure 3 will display. The New Model Quick Templates form is used to specify horizontal grid line spacing, story data, and template models. Template models provide a quick, easy way of starting a model. They automatically add structural objects with appropriate properties to the model. We highly recommend that you start your models using templates whenever possible. In this example, the model is built using the Flat Slab with Perimeter Beams template.

Figure 3 New Model Quick Templates form

F. Set the number of grid lines in the Number of Grid Lines in X Direction edit box to 5.

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Introductory Tutorial G. Set the number of grid lines in the Number of Grid Lines in Y Direction edit box to 4. H. Set the grid spacing in the Spacing of Grids in X Direction edit box to 22 ft. I. Set the grid spacing in the Spacing of Grids in Y Direction edit box to 18 ft.

J. Set the number of stories in the Number of Stories edit box to 6. K. Click the Flat Slab with Perimeter Beams button in the Add Structural Objects area to display the Structural Geometry and Properties for Flat Slab with Perimeter Beams form shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 Structural Geometry and Properties form

L. Set the drop panel size to 6 ft in the Size edit box in the Drop Panels area. This model will have 6 foot square drop panels at interior columns.

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Part II - Concrete Building Example M. In the Structural System Properties area, click the ellipsis button adjacent to the Column drop-down list. The Frame Properties form shown in Figure 5 will display.

Figure 5 Frame Properties form

N. Click the Add New Property button in the Click to area of the Frame Properties form. The Frame Property Shape Type form shown in Figure 6 appears.

Figure 6 Frame Property Shape Type form

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Introductory Tutorial O. Select Rectangular from the Section Shape drop-down list in the Shape Type area and then click on the OK button, or click on the Rectangular Section button under Concrete in the Frequently Used Shape Types area of the Frame Property Shape Type form. The Frame Section Property Data form shown in Figure 7 appears.

Figure 7 Frame Section Property Data form

1. Type Concrete Column in the Property Name edit box. 2. Set the value in the Depth edit box to 24 in. 3. Click the Modify/Show Modifiers button to display the Property/Stiffness Modification Factors form. Reduce the section stiffness for the effects of cracking, if desired, and then click OK. 4. Click the Modify/Show Rebar button to display the Frame Section Property Reinforcement Data form. Review the default settings and then click the OK button to close the form. 5. Click the OK button on the Frame Section Property Data form to return to the Frame Properties form. Concrete Column should be shown on the Properties list. P. Click the OK button to return to the Structural Geometry and Properties for Flat Slab with Perimeter Beams form. Concrete Column should be shown as the selected Column section. 78 Step 1 Begin a New Model

Part II - Concrete Building Example Q. In the Structural System Properties area, click the ellipsis button adjacent to the Beam drop-down list. The Frame Properties form will display. R. Click the Add New Property button in the Click to area of the Frame Properties form. The Frame Property Shape Type form will appear. S. Select Rectangular from the Section Shape drop-down list in the Shape Type area and then click on the OK button, or click on the Rectangular Section button under Concrete in the Frequently Used Shape Types area of the Frame Property Shape Type form. The Frame Section Property Data form appears. 1. On the Frame Section Property Data from, type Concrete Beam in the Property Name edit box. 2. Set the value in the Depth edit box to 30 in. 3. Click the Modify/Show Rebar button and on the Frame Section Property Reinforcement Data form select the M3 Design Only (Beam) option in the Design Type area. Click the OK button to return to the Frame Section Property Data form. 4. Click the OK button on the Frame Section Property Data form (after adjusting property modifiers, if needed) to return to the Frame Properties form. Concrete Beam should be highlighted. T. Click the OK button to return to the Structural Geometry and Properties for Flat Slab with Perimeter Beams form. Concrete Beam should be shown as the selected Beam section. U. Verify that Slab1 is selected from the Slab drop-down list in the Structural System Properties area. Slab1 is a default 8 in thick slab section. V. Verify that Drop1 is selected from the Drop drop-down list. Drop1 is a default 15 in thick slab property. W. In the Load area of the Structural Geometry and Properties form, type 25 in the Dead Load (Additional) edit box.

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Introductory Tutorial X. Enter 80 in the Live Load edit box. Y. Verify that the Rigid option is selected in the Floor Diaphragm Rigidity area. This option removes in-plane diaphragm deformations. Click the OK button to accept your selections and return to the New Model Quick Templates form. The Flat Slab with Perimeter Beams button should be highlighted with a dark blue border. Click the OK button on the New Model Quick Templates to display the model. The model appears on screen in the main ETABS window with two view windows tiled vertically, a Plan View on the left and a 3-D View on the right, as shown in Figure 8. The number of view windows can be changed using the Window List button . View windows may be closed by clicking on the [X] button. The Plan View is active in Figure 8, indicated by the highlighted display title tab. Set a view active by clicking anywhere in the view window. The location of the active Plan View is highlighted on the 3-D View by a Bounding Plane. The Bounding Plane may be toggled on/off using the Options menu > Show Bounding Plane command.

Display Title Tab (Active) Window List

Coordinate System Drawing & Selection

Current Units

Figure 8 The ETABS main window with Plan View active

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Part II - Concrete Building Example

Step 2 Add Floor Openings

In this Step, the program is set up to add openings to multiple stories simultaneously.

Set Up to Add Objects to Multiple Stories Simultaneously

Make sure that the Plan View is active. To make a window active, move the cursor, or mouse arrow, over the view and click the left mouse button. When a view is active, the Display Title Tab is highlighted. The location of the Display Title Tab is indicated in Figure 8. A. Click the Drawing & Selection drop-down list that reads "One Story" at the bottom right of the Main window, which is shown in Figure 8. B. Highlight All Stories in the list. This activates the All Stories option for drawing and selecting objects. With the All Stories option active, as additions or changes are made to a storyfor example, Story6those additions and changes will apply to every story in the building, Story1 thru Story6.

Draw Shell Objects

Make sure that the plan view is active. A. Click the Draw Rectangular Floor/Wall button or use the Draw menu > Draw Floor/Wall Objects > Draw Rectangular Floor command. The Properties of Object form for shells shown in Figure 9 will display "docked" in the lower left-hand corner of the program.

Figure 9 Properties of Object form for shells

Step 2 Add Floor Openings

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Introductory Tutorial B. Click once in the drop-down list opposite the Property item to activate it and then select Opening in the resulting list. Opening will create a void where the shell is drawn. C. Check that the Snap to Grid Intersections and Points command is active. This will assist in accurately drawing the shell object. This command is active when its associated button is depressed. Alternatively, use the Draw menu > Snap Options command to ensure that these snaps are active. By default, this command is active. D. In the plan view, click once at column C-3, and while holding down the left mouse button, drag the cursor to column D-2. Release the mouse button to draw a rectangular opening. If you have made a mistake while drawing this object, click the Select Object button, , to change the program from Draw mode to Select mode. Then click the Edit menu > Undo Shell Object Add command and repeat Action Items A thru D to re-draw the openings. E. Click the Select Object button, Draw mode to Select mode. , to change the program from

F. Hold down the Ctrl key on your keyboard and left click once in the Plan View on column C-3. A selection list similar to the one shown in Figure 10 pops up because multiple objects exist at the location that was clicked. In this example, a joint object, a column object, an opening and two floor objects (drop and slab) exist at the same location. Note that the selection list will only appear when the Ctrl key is used with the left click.

Figure 10 Selection List form

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Part II - Concrete Building Example

G. Select the column from the list by clicking on it and then on the OK button. The column at C-3 is now selected, as indicated by the dashed lines in the 3-D view. It is selected over its entire height because the All Stories feature is active. Note that the status bar in the bottom left-hand corner of the main ETABS window indicates that 6 frames have been selected. H. Repeat the column selection process at D-3, D-2, and C-2. The status bar should indicate that 24 frames have been selected. I. Press the Delete key on your keyboard or click the Edit menu > Delete command to delete the selection because no columns should exist at these four locations. The model should now appear as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11 The example model with the slab openings drawn

Step 2 Add Floor Openings

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Save the Model

During development, save the model often. Although typically you will save it with the same name, thus overwriting previous models, you may occasionally want to save your model with a different name. This allows you to keep a record of your model at various stages of development. A. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, , to save your model. Specify the directory in which you want to save the model and, for this example, specify the file name ConcreteBuilding.

Step 3 Add Walls

In this Step, a wall stack is added to model the interior walls. Wall stacks are predefined arrangements of walls that can be added to models with a single click. Make sure that the Plan View is active. A. Click the Draw menu > Draw Wall Stacks command, or the Draw Wall Stacks button, , to access the New Wall Stack form shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12 New Wall Stack form

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Part II - Concrete Building Example

B. Click on the E-shaped Wall button to display a wall arrangement. C. On the Layout Data tab, click in the Length, LX (ft) edit box and type 18. D. Type 11 into the Length, LY1 (ft) edit box. E. Type 11 into the Length, LY2 (ft) edit box. F. Type 14 into all four of the Thicknesses edit boxes - all of the walls should be 14 inches thick. G. Click the OK button. The Properties of Object form for Wall Stacks shown in Figure 13 will display "docked" in the lower left-hand corner of the main window.
Figure 13 Properties of Object form for Wall Stack objects

H. Click in the Angle edit box on the Properties of Object form, set the angle to 90, and press the Enter key on your keyboard. This will rotate the wall stack object 90 degrees from the default position. I. Left click once in the Plan View such that the top-left corner of the wall stack shown using dashed lines is located at C-3. The wall stack should match the geometry of the slab opening. Notice that the wall stack spans the entire height of the building as the Top Story and Bottom Story drop-down lists in the Properties of Object form were set to Story6 and Story1, respectively. J. Click the Select Object button, Draw mode to Select mode. , to change the program from

K. Click the File menu > Save command to save your model.

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Introductory Tutorial The model now appears as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14 The example model with the wall stack drawn

Step 4 Define Static Load Patterns

The static loads used in this example consist of the dead, live, and wind loads acting on the building. An unlimited number of load patterns can be defined. As discussed at the beginning of the tutorial, the dead load consists of self-weight of the building plus an additional 25 psf that was assigned in Step 1. The live load of 80 psf was also assigned in Step 1. The ASCE 7-10 wind load that will be applied to the building will be automatically calculated by the program. A. In the Model Explorer window, click on the Loads node on the Model tab to expand the tree. If the Model Explorer is not displayed, click the Options menu > Show Model Explorer command.

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Step 4 Define Static Load Patterns

Part II - Concrete Building Example B. On the expanded tree, right-click on the Load Patterns branch to display a context sensitive menu. On this menu, click on the Add New Load Pattern command to display the Define Load Patterns form. Note that the Dead and Live load patterns are already defined. C. Click in the Load edit box and type the name of the new load pattern, Wind. D. Select Wind from the Type drop-down list. Make sure that the Self Weight Multiplier is set to zero for the Wind load pattern. Self weight should typically be included in only one load pattern. E. Use the Auto Lateral Load drop-down list to select ASCE 7-10; with this option ETABS will automatically apply wind load based on the ASCE 7-10 code requirements. F. Click the Add New Load button. G. With the Wind load pattern highlighted, click the Modify Lateral Load button. This will display the ASCE 7-10 Wind Load Pattern form as shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15 Wind Load Pattern form

Step 4 Define Static Load Patterns

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Introductory Tutorial 1. Select the Exposure from Extents of Rigid Diaphragms option in the Exposure and Pressure Coefficients area. The Exposure from Extents of Rigid Diaphragms option means that the program will automatically calculate all the wind load cases as prescribed in the ASCE 7-10 code. In this example, there will be a total of 12 different load permutations of varying magnitude and direction that will be applied to the rigid floor diaphragms. Hold the mouse cursor over the information icon to display a table of the different wind cases. 2. Verify that the Case drop-down list in the Wind Exposure Parameters area shows Create All Sets. 3. Review all the other wind parameters, including the exposure heights, and then click the OK button to return to the Define Load Patterns form displayed in Figure 16.

Figure 16 Define Load Patterns form

H. Click the OK button to accept the load patterns. I. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save the model. , to

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Part II - Concrete Building Example

Step 5 Review Diaphragms

In this Step, the extent of the rigid floor diaphragms will be displayed. Rigid diaphragms are typically used to model floor systems that have a large stiffness in-plane by removing the in-plane degrees of freedom. A rigid diaphragm has no in-plane deformations, and therefore, no in-plane shell stresses are reported by the program. However, in reality, these diaphragms do carry in-plane forces (see the Display menu > Force/Stress Diagrams > Diaphragm Forces command), and thus users should make sure that they design and detail the diaphragms for these forces, e.g. by using chords and collectors to transfer forces from the diaphragms into the lateral resisting frames and walls. Make sure that the Plan View is active. A. Click the Set Display Options button, , or use the View menu > Set Display Options command. The Set View Options form shown in Figure 17 will display.

Figure 17 Set View Options form

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Introductory Tutorial B. On the General tab, check the Diaphragm Extent option in the Other Special Items area. C. Click the OK button to display the rigid diaphragm links as illustrated by the dashed lines radiating out from the diaphragm center. D. Right-click anywhere on the slab (but not on a beam, drop, or wall) to display the Slab Information form shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18 Slab Information form

E. Click on the Assignments tab on the Slab Information form and note that the Diaphragm assignment is D1. F. Click the OK button to close the form. G. Click the Define menu > Diaphragms command to display the Define Diaphragm form.

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Step 5 Review Diaphragms

Part II - Concrete Building Example 1. On the Define Diaphragm form, highlight D1 in the Diaphragms area and click the Modify/Show Diaphragm button. The Diaphragm Data form shown in Figure 19 will display.

Figure 19 Diaphragm Data form

2. Verify that the Rigid option is selected in the Rigidity area to ensure that the floor slabs of this building will not have any inplane deformations. 3. Click the OK button to return to the Define Diaphragm form. H. Click the OK button to close the Define Diaphragm form. I. Click the Set Display Options button or use the View menu > Set Display Options command and the Set View Options form will appear.

J. Uncheck the Diaphragm Extent option. K. Click the OK button to close the Set View Options form. L. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save the model. , to

Step 5 Review Diaphragms

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Step 6 Review the Load Cases

In this Step, the load cases generated from the load patterns will be reviewed. A. Click the Define menu > Load Cases command to display the Load Cases form shown in Figure 20. Notice that three load cases are listed, one for each of the three load patterns that were defined; Dead, Live and Wind.

Figure 20 Load Cases form

B. On the Load Cases form, highlight Wind in the Load Cases area and click the Modify/Show Case button. The Load Case Data form shown in Figure 21 will display. 1. Verify that Linear Static is selected in the Load Case Type dropdown list. 2. Verify that Wind is shown as the Load Pattern in the Loads Applied area. 3. Select the Use Preset P-Delta Settings option in the PDelta/Nonlinear Stiffness area and click the Modify/Show button to display the Preset P-Delta Options form.

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Part II - Concrete Building Example

Figure 21 Load Case Data form

4. On the Preset P-Delta Options form, select the Non-iterative Based on Mass option in the Automation Method area. This will add P-Delta effects to the analysis. Click the OK button to close the Preset P-Delta Options form and return to the Load Case Data form. 5. The Use Preset P-Delta Settings value should now show Noninterative based on mass. Click the OK button on the Load Case Data form. C. Click the OK button to close the Load Cases form. D. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save the model. , to

Step 6 Review the Load Cases

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Step 7 Run the Analysis

In this Step, the analysis will be run. A. Click the Analyze menu > Check Model command. The Check Model form shown in Figure 22 will display.

Figure 22 Check Model form

B. Check all check boxes and click the OK button. A warning message similar to that shown in Figure 23 should display indicating that the model has no connectivity issues.
Figure 23 Check Model Warning

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Step 7 Run the Analysis

Part II - Concrete Building Example 1. Click on the [X] in the top-right corner to close the warning message. C. Click the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command or the Run Analysis button, . The program will create the analysis model from your object based input. After the analysis has been completed, the program will automatically display a deformed shape similar to that shown in Figure 24, and the model is locked. The model is locked when the Lock/Unlock Model button, , appears locked. Locking the model prevents any changes to the model that would invalidate the analysis results.

Figure 24 Deformed shape display

Step 7 Run the Analysis

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Step 8 Display the Results

In this Step, the analysis results will be displayed and reviewed. A. Make sure that the 3D View is active - this can be done by clicking on the Display Title Tab. B. Click on the Display Shell Stresses/Forces... button, , or the Display menu > Force/Stress Diagrams > Shell Stresses/Forces... command to access the Shell Forces/Stresses form shown in Figure 25.

Figure 25 Shell Forces/Stresses form

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Step 8 Display the Results

Part II - Concrete Building Example 1. Select Dead from the Load Case drop-down list. 2. Select Resultant Forces as the Component Type. 3. Select the M11 component. 4. Select Display on Deformed Shape from the Contour Option drop-down list. 5. Check the Show Fill checkbox. 6. Click the OK button to generate the moment contours shown in Figure 26.

Figure 26 M11 moment contours in a 3D view

C. Make the Plan View active by clicking on the Plan View Title Tab. D. Click the Show Deformed Shape button, , or the Display menu > Deformed Shape command to display the Deformed Shape form. 1. On the Deformed Shape form, select Wind from the Load Case drop-down list.

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Introductory Tutorial 2. Set the Step Number to 1 - there should be a total of 12 steps available for the Wind load case. 3. Click the OK button to display the deformed shape shown in Figure 27.

Figure 27 Deformed Shape for Wind load case

Note that even though the wind load for Step 1 (Set 1) is applied in the X direction, there is a rotation of the structure due to the lateral stiffness eccentricity caused by the non-symmetric layout of the walls. E. Each of the deformed shapes due to the 12 different wind load permutations (as specified by the ASCE 7-10 code) may be viewed by clicking on the VCR buttons, , located in the lower righthand corner of the display. F. After reviewing the different deformed shapes, set the plan view back to an undeformed view by clicking on the Show Undeformed Shape button, , or the Display menu > Undeformed Shape command.

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Part II - Concrete Building Example

Step 9 Design the Concrete Frames

In this Step, the concrete beams and columns will be designed. Note that the analysis (Step 7) should be run before performing design. A. Make sure that the Plan View is active - this can be done by clicking on the Display Title Tab. B. In the Plan View, right click on the perimeter beam along grid line 1 between grids A and B. The Beam Information form shown in Figure 28 appears.

Figure 28 Beam Information form

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Introductory Tutorial Note that the Design tab reports that the Design Procedure is Concrete Frame Design. C.. Click the Cancel button to close the Beam Information form. D. Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > View/Revise Preferences command. The Concrete Frame Design Preferences form shown in Figure 29 displays.

Figure 29 Concrete Frame Design Preferences form

1. Verify that the Design Code drop-down list is set to ACI 318-11. 2. Review the design parameters shown on this form and then click the OK button to accept any changes made. E. With the Plan View active, click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check command to start the design process. The program designs the concrete beams and columns, specifying the required reinforcing based on the shape and size of the members defined in Step 1.

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Part II - Concrete Building Example When the design is complete, the longitudinal reinforcing is displayed on the model. The model appears as shown in Figure 30.

Figure 30 Longitudinal Reinforcing

F. With the Plan View active, click on the Move Down in List ton until Plan View - Story 1 is displayed.

but-

G. Right click on one of the perimeter beams in the Plan View shown in Figure 30. The Concrete Beam Design Information form shown in Figure 31 displays. This form shows the required reinforcing steel calculated for each design combination at different locations along the length of the beam. The largest reinforcing value, either top or bottom steel, is highlighted.

Step 9 Design the Concrete Frames

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Introductory Tutorial

Figure 31 Concrete Beam Design Information form

1. Click the Envelope button on the Concrete Beam Design Information form. The Beam Section Design Report shown in Figure 32 displays.

Figure 32 Beam Section Design Report

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Part II - Concrete Building Example This report shows detailed design information about the beam. Review the information on each page. Note that you can print this information using the Print Report button, , on the menu bar. 2. Click the [X] button in the upper right-hand corner of the Report Viewer to close it. H. Click the Cancel button to close the Concrete Beam Design Information form. I. Click the Set Elevation View button, , and select A and click the OK button to set the view to an Elevation View of grid line A. The elevation view shows the area of the longitudinal reinforcing required for the columns. A right click on any column will display more detailed information about the reinforcing required. J. Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Verify All Members Passed command. A form similar to that shown in Figure 33 should appear indicating that the shape and reinforcing of all concrete frame members is adequate.

Figure 33 Verify All Members Passed message

Click the OK button to close the form. K. Click the Assign menu > Clear Display of Assigns command to clear the longitudinal reinforcing display. L. Make the 3-D View active by clicking on the Display Title Tab.

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Introductory Tutorial M. Click the Display menu > Undeformed Shape command or the Show Undeformed Shape button, , to clear the display of the moment diagram. N. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. , to

Step 10 Design the Shear Walls

In this Step, the concrete shear walls will be designed. Note that the analysis (Step 7) should be run before performing design. A. Make the Elevation View active by clicking on the Elevation View Title Tab. B. Click the Set Plan View button, , select Story6 and click the OK button to set the view to a Plan View of Story6. C. Click the Select menu > Select > Object Type command and the Select by Object Type form will display. 1. On the Select by Object Type form, highlight Walls. 2. Click the Select button, and then the Close button. D. Click the View menu > Show Selected Objects Only command to display only the elevator core walls in the Plan View. E. Click the Define menu > Pier Labels command. The Pier Labels form shown in Figure 34 appears.

Figure 34 Pier Labels form

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Step 10 Design the Shear Walls

Part II - Concrete Building Example 1. Type P3 in the Wall Piers edit box and click the Add New Name button. 2. Type P4 in the Wall Piers edit box and click the Add New Name button. Note that pier labels P1 and P2 are predefined by the program, with P2 pre-assigned to all walls in the wall stack. 3. Click the OK button to close the form. F. Make sure that All Stories is still selected in the Drawing & Selection drop-down list in the lower right-hand corner of the Main window. G. In the Plan View, click on the wall that lies along grid line C. The status bar should indicate that 6 shells have been selected. H. Click the Assign menu > Shell > Pier Label command and the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form will display. 1. On the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form, highlight P1 and click the Apply button. 2. Without closing the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form, click on the middle wall parallel to grid line C that is set between grid lines C and D. Highlight P2 on the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form and click the Apply button. 3. Without closing the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form, click on the wall that lies along grid line D. Highlight P3 in the Piers area and click the Apply button. 4. Without closing the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form, "window" around the wall that lies on grid line 2. To "window," click the left mouse button above and to the left of grid intersection C2 and then, while holding the left mouse button down, drag the mouse until it is below and to the right of grid intersection D-2. A selection box similar to that shown in Figure 35 should expand around the wall as the mouse is dragged across the model. Release the left mouse button and the program will select the wall the status bar should indicate that 12 shells have been selected.

Step 10 Design the Shear Walls

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Introductory Tutorial 5. Highlight P4 on the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form and click the Apply button. 6. Click the Close button to close the Shell Assignment - Pier Label form.

Selection Box

Figure 35 Selecting Walls

I.

With the Plan View active, click the Set Default 3-D View ton to show the core in a 3-D view.

but-

J. Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > View/Revise Preferences command. The Shear Wall Design Preferences form will display. 1. Verify that the Design Code drop-down list is set to ACI 318-11.

2. Review the design parameters shown on this form and then click the OK button to accept any changes made. K. Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Start Design/Check command to start the design process. The program designs the shear

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Step 10 Design the Shear Walls

Part II - Concrete Building Example walls, specifying the required reinforcing based on the shape and size of the members defined in Step 3. When the design is complete, the pier longitudinal reinforcing is displayed on the model. The model appears as shown in Figure 36.

Figure 36 Pier Longitudinal Reinforcing

L. Zoom in on the walls using the Rubber Band Zoom

button.

M. Right click on one of the walls in the Pier Longitudinal Reinforcing Areas view to display the Shear Wall Design Report. This report shows detailed design information about the pier. Click the [X] button in the top right corner to close the report. N. With the Pier Longitudinal Reinforcing Areas view active, click the Assign menu > Clear Display of Assigns command. O. Click the Set Plan View button, button. , select Story6 and click the OK

Step 10 Design the Shear Walls

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Introductory Tutorial P. Click the View menu > Show All Objects command. Q. Make sure that the Model Explorer window is visible; if not, click the Options menu > Show Model Explorer command. R. Click the Tables tab in the Model Explorer to display the tables tree. Click on the Tables node and then on the Design node to expand the tree. S. Click on the Shear Wall Design node to expose the Shear Wall Pier Summary leaf. Right click on the Shear Wall Pier Summary leaf and from the context sensitive menu select Show Table. A table summarizing the design of the shear wall piers now appears across the bottom of the main window as shown in Figure 37.

Figure 37 Shear Wall Pier Summary table

T. Click the [X] button on the title bar of the Shear Wall Pier Summary table to close the table. U. Click the File menu > Save command, or the Save button, save your model. This tutorial is now complete. , to

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Step 10 Design the Shear Walls