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KLM Mapping

The document discusses how to convert between E1 numbers and KLM (K, L, M) representations in SDH. There are formulas to calculate the KLM values given an E1 number, and vice versa. The formulas involve dividing the E1 number by 21 to determine K, then dividing remainders by 3 to determine L and M. Converting from KLM to E1 number uses the formula 21(K-1) + 3(L-1) + M. Examples are provided to demonstrate the conversions.

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Cabana Chukwunonye
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1K views

KLM Mapping

The document discusses how to convert between E1 numbers and KLM (K, L, M) representations in SDH. There are formulas to calculate the KLM values given an E1 number, and vice versa. The formulas involve dividing the E1 number by 21 to determine K, then dividing remainders by 3 to determine L and M. Converting from KLM to E1 number uses the formula 21(K-1) + 3(L-1) + M. Examples are provided to demonstrate the conversions.

Uploaded by

Cabana Chukwunonye
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KLM = Keystroke-Level Model How this KLM are designed.

Plz give more details information regarding the KLM wi th the example to understand in big canvas. There is no abrvn for KLM.K varies from 1 to 3 L varies from 1 to 7 and M varies from 1 to 3.Total 63 E1s in one STM. One E1 contains 2.048 Mbps data rate. Total 2.048*63=129Mbps and rest 26 for ove rhead. I think its in SDH there are 9 segments each segment contains 270 bytes of data in which 261 bytes are for payload & 9 bytes for OverHead so, 9*270bytes = 2430b ytes & sampling rate is 64k so we have 2430*64=155.52Mbps For KLM formula.There are two types to represent E 1. first is sequential and othe r one is interleaved. Let us discuss first one. formula k+3(L-1)+21(M-1). for exampe you want to represent E#56 sequantially 3+3(5-1)+21(2-1)(====3+3*4+21*1======3+12+21=36 where K=3 represents tug 3,L rep resents tug2 and M represents Vc12.If you want to show it in KLM this would be 3 52 Now for interleaved number i-e which E1 number of STM1 this is we only change th e formula.21(k-1)+3(L-1)+M by putting values. 21(3-1)+3(5-1)+2= =21*2+3*5+2=42+12+2=56 which shows if you are given 352 and as ked to tell which E1# this is you can easily answer that it is 56th E1. Question 1. i want to know if a E1 number is given and asks to find the corresponding KLM, t hen what? Is there any formula to obtain the KLM value? If you are given an E1 number, N, and you want the corresponding KLM number.You proceed as follows: Step 1. N/21 = Q Remainder R (Q=Quotient, R=Remainder) Q and R are both integers . If R=0 then K = Q Else K = Q+1. Alternatively: For 1 <= N <= 21 K = 1 For 22<= N <= 42 K = 2 For 43<= N <= 63 K = 3 Step 2. For 1<=N<=21 N/3 = Q Remainder R. If R = 0 then L = Q, Else L = Q + 1. For 22<=N<=42 N-21=P, P/3 = Q Remainder R. If R = 0 then L = Q, Else L = Q + 1. For 43<=N<=63 N-42=P, P/3 = Q Remainder R .If R = 0 then L = Q ,Else L = Q + 1. Step 3. N/3 = Q Remainder R, If R = 0 then M = 3, Else M = R. Example: Given E1 = 56 Step 1. 56/21 = 2 3. Step 2. 42 < 56 < nd 2 is not equal Step 3. 56/3 = 18 Therefore the KLM

Remainder 14. Since R=14 is not equal to Zero, then K = 2+1 = 63 then 56-42 = P = 14. Now 14/3 = 4 remainder 2.Since R = 2 a to zero, then L = 4+1=5 Remainder 2.Since R=2 is not equal to zero, then M =R=2. number for E1#56 is 3.5.2

Yes Cabana. This is how you do it.Given E1 number N and you want the K.L.M then

proceed as follows; Step1: N/21 = Q1 remainder R1. If R1 = 0, then K = Q1.Else K = Q1+1. Step 2: R1/3 = Q2 remainder R2. If R2 = 0 then L = Q2.Else L = Q2+1. Step 3: N/3 = Q3 remainder R3. If R3 = 0 then M = 3. Else M = R3. Example: What is K.L.M for E1 57? Step 1: 57/21 = 2 remainder 15. Therefore K = 2+1 = 3. Step 2: 15/3 = 5 remainder 0. Therefore L = 5. Step 3: 57/3 = 19 remainder 0. Therefore M = 3. So the K.L.M for E1#57 is 3.5.3 Sometimes you want to convert from KLM to ITU-T mode. You proceed as follows: Given K.L.M as N1.N2.N3 then ITU-T mode is N3.N2.N1 Example: Converting KLM 2.4.3 to ITU-T Mode yields 3.4.2. Thats you map E1#33 to 53 to match two interfaces using the two different modes. Now you are given KLM for an E1.How do you calculate the E1 number? Proceed as f ollows: If K.L.M = K.7.3 then N = 21 * K. E.g 3.7.3 coresponds to 21*3 = E1#63. If K.L.M = K.L.3 then N = 21(K-1) + 3*L. E.g 3.4.3 corresponds to 21(3-1) + 3*4 = 42 + 12 = 54. 3.3.3 corresponds to E1#54. Generally Speaking N = 21(K-1) + 3(L-1) + M: for M not equal to 3 and L not equa l to 7.

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