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SAT II Math Level 2 Subject Test Notes: Conic Sections

This document defines and provides key characteristics of conic sections including circles, ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, and rectangular hyperbolas. Circles are defined by a general equation involving the radius and center point. Ellipses involve distances to two focal points, with general equations depending on the major and minor axes. Parabolas relate the distance from a focal point to a directrix line. Hyperbolas use the difference of distances to two focal points, with general equations and asymptotes determined by transverse and conjugate axes. Rectangular hyperbolas have the x- and y-axes as asymptotes and branches in quadrants based on a constant.

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3K views

SAT II Math Level 2 Subject Test Notes: Conic Sections

This document defines and provides key characteristics of conic sections including circles, ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, and rectangular hyperbolas. Circles are defined by a general equation involving the radius and center point. Ellipses involve distances to two focal points, with general equations depending on the major and minor axes. Parabolas relate the distance from a focal point to a directrix line. Hyperbolas use the difference of distances to two focal points, with general equations and asymptotes determined by transverse and conjugate axes. Rectangular hyperbolas have the x- and y-axes as asymptotes and branches in quadrants based on a constant.

Uploaded by

tomcantyyy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Conic Sections

Circles General Equation for Circles: (x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2 (h,k) = center of circle r = radius of circle

Ellipses Definition: An ellipse is the set of points in a plane such that the sum of the distances from each point to two fixed points, called foci, is a constant equal to 2a General Equations for Ellipses: o (x h)2 + (y k)2 = 1 a2 b2 Major axis is parallel to the x-axis o (x h)2 + (y k)2 = 1 b2 a2 Major axis is parallel to the y-axis (h,k) = center of ellipse Length of major axis = 2a Length of minor axis = 2b The distance between the center and a focus: c = a2 b2

Parabolas Definition: A parabola is the set of points in a plane such that the distance from each point to a fixed point, called the focus, is equal to the distance to a fixed line, called the directrix General Equations for Parabolas: o y k = a (x h)2 The parabola opens up or down o x h = a (y k)2 The parabola opens out to the left or right (h,k) = vertex of parabola a = (1 / 4p) p = distance between the vertex and focus = distance between the vertex and directrix General Form: y = ax2 + bx + c o Axis of Symmetry: x = (-b) / (2a) o y-intercept: (0,c) o If a is positive, the parabola opens upward o If a is negative, the parabola opens downward

Hyperbolas Definition: A hyperbola is the set of points in a plane such that the absolute value of the difference of the distances from each point to two fixed points, called foci, is a constant equal to 2a General Equations for Hyperbolas: o (x h)2 (y k)2 = 1 a2 b2 The hyperbola opens out to the left and right The slopes of the two asymptotes are (b / a) o (y k)2 (x h)2 = 1 a2 b2 The hyperbola opens up and down The slopes of the two asymptotes are (a / b) (h,k) = center of hyperbola Length of transverse axis = 2a Length of conjugate axis = 2b The distance between the center and a focus: c = a2 + b2

Rectangular Hyperbolas Equation: xy = k, where k is a constant The asymptotes are the x- and y-axes If k > 0, the branches of the hyperbola lie in quadrants I and III If k < 0, the branches of the hyperbola lie in quadrants II and IV

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