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Formulas

The document covers topics in numbers, algebra, graphs and functions, and geometry. It defines sets, unions, intersections and complements in numbers, and discusses properties of indices, algebraic manipulation of equations, straight line graphs, curved graphs, and volumes and areas of shapes like cubes, cylinders, pyramids and spheres in geometry. Formulas are provided for calculating simple interest, solving quadratic equations, finding gradients of lines, and determining perimeters, areas and volumes of various polygons and solids.

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srgonchi
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42 views

Formulas

The document covers topics in numbers, algebra, graphs and functions, and geometry. It defines sets, unions, intersections and complements in numbers, and discusses properties of indices, algebraic manipulation of equations, straight line graphs, curved graphs, and volumes and areas of shapes like cubes, cylinders, pyramids and spheres in geometry. Formulas are provided for calculating simple interest, solving quadratic equations, finding gradients of lines, and determining perimeters, areas and volumes of various polygons and solids.

Uploaded by

srgonchi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

1.

NUMBERS

1.1. Sets
- : Intersection = A {1,2,3}
= B {1,3,4,5}
= A B {1,3}
- : Union = A B {1,2,3,4,5}
- Complement = ' A A {| }
c = ' A A universal set

1.2. Simple interest
100
PTR
I = Final amount: I P A + =
I: Interest
T: time (in years)
P: principal amount
R: Rate of interest (percentage)

2. ALGEBRA

2.1. Indices
Laws of indices:
-
n m n m
a a a
+
=
-
n m
n
m
a
a
a

=
-
mn n m
a a = ) (


Other properties:
- 1
0
= a
-
n
n
a
a
1
=


-
n m
n
m
n n
a a a a = =
1

2.2. Algebraic Manipulation
- ( )
2 2 2
2 b ab a b a + + = +
- ( )
2 2 2
2 b ab a b a + =
- ( )( )
2 2
b a b a b a = +

2.3. Quadratic equations
a
ac b b
x c bx ax
2
4
0
2
2

= = + +
If o and | are roots of ( )( ) | o = + + + + x x a c bx ax c bx ax
2 2


3. GRAPHS AND FUNCTIONS

3.1. Straight line graphs
c mx y + =
Gradient:
A B
A B
x x
y y
x
y
m

=
A
A
=

3.2. Curved graphs
The gradient of a curve at a point is the gradient of the tangent to the curve at that point

4. GEOMETRY

4.1. Polygons
The sum of the interior angles of a polygon with n sides is ( ) 180 2 n

Angles subtended by an arc:












4.2. Perimeters and areas of polygons
- Triangle:
2
h b
A

=
- Trapezium:
( )
2
h b B
A
+
=
- Rhombus: d D A =
2
1

- Parallelogram: h b A =
- Arcs: r P t
u
2
360
=
- Sectors:
2
360
r A t
u
=

4.3. Volumes and areas of solids
- Cube:
3 2
6 a V a A = =
- Cuboid: h b a V bh ah ab A = + + = 2 2 2
- Cylinder: h r V h r A = =
2
2 t t
- Pyramid: A = area of base + sum of area of each triangle
V = 1/3 x area of base x height
- Cone: h r V l r A = =
2
2
1
t t
- Sphere:
3 2
3
4
4 r V r A t t = =

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