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Materials, Structures, and Defying Gravity

This document covers key concepts in structures and structural engineering. It provides examples of notable structures from history ranging from the Great Pyramid in Egypt to modern skyscrapers. Engineering mistakes on structures are briefly mentioned. Different materials used in construction are outlined, including glass, brick, wood, cast iron, stone, and steel. Fundamental structural concepts such as compression, tension, and bending are defined. Specific structural elements like arches, trusses, domes, and tensegrity structures are examined. Recommended references on the topic of structures are listed at the end.

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pavi32
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39 views

Materials, Structures, and Defying Gravity

This document covers key concepts in structures and structural engineering. It provides examples of notable structures from history ranging from the Great Pyramid in Egypt to modern skyscrapers. Engineering mistakes on structures are briefly mentioned. Different materials used in construction are outlined, including glass, brick, wood, cast iron, stone, and steel. Fundamental structural concepts such as compression, tension, and bending are defined. Specific structural elements like arches, trusses, domes, and tensegrity structures are examined. Recommended references on the topic of structures are listed at the end.

Uploaded by

pavi32
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structures 500.

101

Materials, structures, and defying gravity

Structures 500.101

Millau viaduct, France (2005)


Cable-stayed design, 2.5 Km long, 340m high

Structures 500.101

A brief history of structures


Great pyramid, Egypt (2560BC) Height: 139m

Lincoln cathedral, England (1300) Height: 160m

Structures 500.101

A brief history of structures (cont.)

Eiffel tower, France (1889) Height: 384m

Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur (1998) Height: 452m

Structures 500.101

Some engineering mistakes

Shanghai-2009

Structures 500.101

Engineering mistakes (cont.)

Montparnasse, Paris 1895 (different kind of engineering)

Structures 500.101

Materials

Glass: Crystal Cathedral, California

Brick: Vilnius Cathedral

Structures 500.101

Materials (cont.)

Wood: Borgund, Norway (about 1180)

Cast iron: Arica, Chile

Structures 500.101

Materials (cont.)

Stone: Notre Dame, Paris

Steel: All-steel Basilica San Sebastian, Philippines. (2nd steel structure after the Eiffel Tower

Structures 500.101

More materials--spaghetti?

Structures 500.101

Compression? Tension? Bending?

Structures 500.101

Compression? Tension?

Structures 500.101

Structure in stone-- Compression? Tension?

The Parthenon, Greece (447BC)

Stonehenge, England (~1400BC)

Structures 500.101

Compression? Tension?

Roman arch--Pont du Gard, France (100AD)

Structures 500.101

Arches--all in compression

Structures 500.101

Thicker is better in bending and compression

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Structures 500.101

A long thin piece will bend

but short thin pieces can be connected together to form a long thick truss (very strong)

Structures 500.101

Trusses within trusses within trusses

Structures 500.101

Structures 500.101

Structures 500.101

Structures 500.101

Structures 500.101

Form-resistant structures:

cylinders, domes, saddles

Pavilion, Mexico City (concrete roof 1.6cm thick) Pantheon, Rome (126AD) Outdoor market, Morocco (glass)

Structures 500.101

Form-resistant structures:

folded plates

Structures 500.101

Tensegrity

Structures 500.101

Structures 500.101

Readable references
Gordon, J. E., Structures, Da Capo Press, 2003

Levy, Matthys, and M. Salvadori, Why Buildings Fall Down, W.W. Norton & Co., 1992

Salvadori, Mario, Why Buildings Stand Up, W.W. Norton & Co., 1990

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