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Tetanus

Tetanus is a serious condition caused by a bacterium known as Clostridium tetani that produces a toxin. It is characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms. Diagnosis is clinical based on symptoms as there are no laboratory findings. Treatment involves wound management, supportive care, maintaining the airway, and a single dose of tetanus immunoglobulin to remove unbound toxin, followed by tetanus toxoid immunization. Prevention includes proper wound cleaning, passive immunization with immunoglobulins, and booster vaccinations every 10 years through active immunization.

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576 views

Tetanus

Tetanus is a serious condition caused by a bacterium known as Clostridium tetani that produces a toxin. It is characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms. Diagnosis is clinical based on symptoms as there are no laboratory findings. Treatment involves wound management, supportive care, maintaining the airway, and a single dose of tetanus immunoglobulin to remove unbound toxin, followed by tetanus toxoid immunization. Prevention includes proper wound cleaning, passive immunization with immunoglobulins, and booster vaccinations every 10 years through active immunization.

Uploaded by

Karunya Vk
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

Tetanus is a serious,acute condition that is caused by an exotoxin produced by a bacterium known as Clostridium tetani. It is characterized by general rigidity and spasms of skeletal muscles. Also known as lockjaw or Trismus. Trismus is the inability to normally open the mouth due to prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers.

It also involves the trigeminal nerve.

HISTORY

AGENT and RESERVOIR

PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FEATURES

DIAGNOSIS
No laboratory findings characteristic of tetanus. Diagnosis is entirely clinical. Does not depend on bacteriologic confirmation.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Wound management Supportive therapy Maintenance of airway Tetanus immunoglobulin: single IM dose of 3000 to 5000 units for children and adults : removes only unbound toxin. After stabilisation, active immunisation with tetanus toxoid.

PREVENTION
IMMUNIZATION [ACTIVE]

PREVENTION

PREVENTION

PREVENTION

PREVENTION

PREVENTION
PRECAUTIONS CLEANING ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION: with specialised immunoglobulins. BOOSTER VACCINATION: after every 10 years.

PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS


-PRECAUTIONS -WOUND CLEANING - PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION : in form of immunoglobulins.

VACCINE STORAGE AND HANDLING


All tetanus vaccines should be stored at 35 46 degrees F [ 2-8 degrees C] Freezing reduces the potency of the tetanus component. Vaccine exposed to freezing temperature should never be administered.

STATISTICS

STATISTICS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
Park and park Harrisons: General Medicine Davidson : General Medicine Physiology: Guyton Various online sources Images: Google. World Health Organization. The high-risk approach: the WHO-recommended strategy to accelerate elimination of neonatal tetanus.

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