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3 Hotspot Analysis Module

The document introduces hotspot analysis, which uses the Gettis-Ord Gi* statistic to identify statistically significant clusters, or hotspots and coldspots, in point data. It explains that hotspot analysis can identify meaningful patterns beyond just density. The Gettis-Ord Gi* statistic calculates Z-scores and P-values to evaluate whether clustering is statistically significant or likely to have occurred by chance. Users must choose a method for conceptualizing spatial relationships between points, such as inverse distance or fixed distance bands.

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Mete Torun
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115 views

3 Hotspot Analysis Module

The document introduces hotspot analysis, which uses the Gettis-Ord Gi* statistic to identify statistically significant clusters, or hotspots and coldspots, in point data. It explains that hotspot analysis can identify meaningful patterns beyond just density. The Gettis-Ord Gi* statistic calculates Z-scores and P-values to evaluate whether clustering is statistically significant or likely to have occurred by chance. Users must choose a method for conceptualizing spatial relationships between points, such as inverse distance or fixed distance bands.

Uploaded by

Mete Torun
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Hotspot Analysis

GIS III: GIS Analysis

Overview
Why use hotspot analysis? Gettis-Ord Gi* Interpreting results

What is Hotspot Analysis?


Density can tell you where clusters in your data exist, but not if your clusters are statistically significant Hotspot analysis uses vectors (not rasters) to identify the locations of statistically significant hot spots and cold spots in data Points should be aggregated to polygons for this analysis

Why Use Hotspots?

Gettis-Ord Gi*

Produces Z scores and P values A high Z score and small P value for a feature indicates a significant hot spot. A low negative Z score and small P value indicates a significant cold spot. The higher (or lower) the Z score, the more intense the clustering. A Z score near zero means no spatial clustering.

A Little Bit of Math

The Hotspot Tool

Conceptualization of Spatial Relationships

Data must be projected!


Inverse Distance Closer features are weighed more heavily than features that are further away Inverse Distance Squared Same as above, but weight decreases more dramatically over distance Fixed Distance Band Every feature within a fixed distance is included, every feature outside that distance is excluded Zone of Indifference Combination of Inverse Distance and Fixed Distance Band Polygon Contiguity Only features that share a border are included Get Spatial Weights From File

Interpreting Results

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