Chapter 1 Waves

PERFECT SCORE MODULE

WAVES

Cikgu Adnan Dip Sc (UiTM), BSc (UTM), Dip. Edu (UiTM) Guru Cemerlang Fizik ssijbfizikspm.blogspot.com, 0178877247

SPM 2013
SCORE A+

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Chapter 1 Waves
Answer all the questions. 1. Ultra violet ray can be used to A destroy cancer cells B detect counterfeit notes C determine ocean depth D check baggage at the airport 3. Diagram below shows a stretched steel wire which produces a loud sound when the wire is plucked.

2. Diagram below shows a load being oscillated on a spring.

A loud sound means A a high speed B a large amplitude C a high frequency D a large wavelength 5. Based on Diagram above, which of the following displacement-time graphs represents oscillation of the load from P to Q and back to O? Diagram shows a trolley attached to two identical springs and vibrating horizontally.

If the experiment is repeated on the Moon, the frequency of vibration of the springs A increase B decrease C remain unchanged 6. Which statement is correct about the properties of electromagnetic waves? A Electromagnetic waves are longitudinal waves B Electromagnetic waves propagate at 300 m s-1 C Electromagnetic waves undergo reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference D Electromagnetic waves consist of an electric field and a magnetic field oscillating parallel to each other

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7. Diagram below shows a ripple tank with a sloping 7. base and a vibrator being vibrated. Which of the following statements is true about electromagnetic waves? A They are longitudinal waves B They are waves that require a medium to travel C The velocity of the waves is influenced by the wavelength D They consist of both magnetic fields and electric fields Diagram shows two wave pulses produced at P and Q. P and Q are at the same distance from X.

8.

Which waveform is observed at X? Which of the following wave patterns can be seen on the screen?

10. Which of the following characteristics of waves, changes when the waves are reflected? A Direction of propagation B Wavelength C Frequencyi D Speed 11. Diagram below shows water waves propagating through a perspex block in a ripple tank.

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Which wave pattern is observed when the waves pass through the perspex block?

12. Diagram below shows a submarine transmitting ultrasonic waves directed at a big rock on the sea bed. After 10 seconds, the submarine detects the reflected wave.

What is the velocity of the wave? A 50 cm s.1 C 100 cm s.1 B 75 cm s.1 D 150 cm s.1

14. Diagram below shows water waves propagating in an area of different depths.

Calculate the distance of the submarine from the big rock. [Velocity of ultrasonic wave = 1 560 m s1] A 3.9 km B 7.8 km C 15.6 km D 31.2 km E 156.6 km 13. Diagram below shows the displacementdistance graph of a wave. The frequency of the wave is 5.0 Hz.

Which of the following diagrams shows the propagation of the waves correctly?

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15. A tilted basin contains water. Water is dripped at a constant rate into the basin as shown in the diagram below.

Which pattern of the wavefronts will be observed in the basin?

16. Diagram below shows the apparatus set-up to study a characteristic of sound waves.

Which comparison is correct between the incident sound wave and the reflected sound wave? A The reflected angle is bigger than the incident angle B The speed of the reflected wave is the same as the speed of the incident wave C The wavelength of the reflected wave is less than the wavelength of the incident wave D The frequency of the reflected wave is lower than the frequency of the incident wave

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17. Diagram shows the fringers obtained when red light is used in a Youngs double slit experiment..

Which of the following fringers are observed when the red light is replaced by blue light?

18. What is the correct relationship between the wave length of an electromagnetic radiation and the energy it carries??

Which diagram is correct when both waves meet?

19. Diagram below shows two coherent waves propagate towards each other.

20. Diagram below shows how the reflection of a sound wave is used to find the depth of a wrecked ship.

Diagram

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What is the depth of the wrecked ship if the reflected sound wave is detected 0.2 s later? [Speed of sound wave in water = 1 530 m s-1] A 153 m B 306 m C 7 650 m D 15 300 m 21. Diagram below shows water waves passing a block of rock in a river. Diagram Which of the following statements is true about the water waves? A T and U have the same phase B Wave energy is transferred from position S to U The wavelength is the distance between S C and U D The particle at U oscillates in a direction parallel to the direction of the wave propagation 25. The graphs show the cross-sections of water waves. Which wave has the greatest energy?

Which phenomenon explains the propagation of waves at X? A Reflection C Diffraction B Refraction D Interference

22. The process of combining audio and radio frequency signals is know as A resonance B damping C modulation D Rectification 23. What happens to the wave length and the magnitude of the velocity of water waves when it is reflected?

24. Diagram belowshows the cross section of water waves.

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29. Which graph represents the sound wave with the highest pitch?

26. A student can hear a sound in the range of frequency from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Which of the following wavelengths can be heard by him? [speed of sound in air = 330 ms-1] A. 3 x 10-3 m B. 3 x 10-1 m C. 3 x 101 m D. 3 x 102 m 27. Which phenomenon of sound waves enables us to hear sound from an obstacle where we cannot see? A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Diffraction D. Interference 28. A timekeeper for a sprint event starts the stopwatch as he sees the smoke from the pistol instead of hearing the shot. This action is taken because A. sound produces echoes B. light travels in a straight line C. light travels faster than sound D. surrounding temperature affects the speed of sound.

30. The diagrams shows an ultrasonic waves transmitted from a boat to the seabed to determine the depth, D, of the sea. The speed of the ultrasonic waves in water is 1 500 ms-1. The echo of the waves is received 2.0 s after the transmission. What is the value of D? A. 375 m B. 750 m C. 1 500 m D. 3 000 m E. 6 000 m

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31. A radar transmit a signal towards an aeroplane. The velocity of the signal is 3.0 x 108 ms-1. After 4.0 x 10-3 s, the radar detects the reflected signal. What is the distance of the aeroplane from the radar? A. 2.4 x 106 m B. 1.2 x 106 m C. 6.0 x 105 m D. 1.5 x 105 m 32. A thin guitar string is strummed hard. It will produce a loud and high pitch sound. The most suitable graph to represent the above situation is, 33. Diagram 12 shows a submarine transmitting ultrasonic waves directed at a big rock on the sea bed. After 10 seconds, the submarine detects the reflected wave.

Calculate the distance of the submarine from the big rock. [Velocity of ultrasonic wave = 1500 m s-1] A. 3.9 km B. 7.5 km C. 15.6 km D. 31.2 km E. 156.6 km 34. Radar transmits a signal towards an aeroplane. The velocity of the signal is 3.0 x 108 ms-1. After 4.0 x 10-3 s, the radar detects the reflected signal. What is the distance of the aeroplane from the radar? A. 2.4 x 106 m B. 11.2 x 106 m C. 6.0 x 106 m D. 1.5 x 105 m

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Section A [60 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 1. Diagram A shows the side view of two ripple tanks. When the motors are switched on, water waves with the same frequency are produced.

Diagram A Rajah A Diagram Bshows the waves formed on the screens.

Diagram B Rajah B (a) What is the meaning of frequency? __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] Observe Diagram A and Diagram B. (i) Compare the depths of the water in region X and region Y. ______________________________________________________________ [1 mark] Compare the wave lengths of the waves in region X and region Y. ______________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b)

(ii)

(iii) Relate the depth of water to the wave length of the waves. ______________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(iv) Name the wave phenomenon involved. ______________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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(c) Explain why the wave front of sea water will follow the shape of the shore when it approaches the shore. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks]

2.

Diagram A and Diagram B show experiments on a sound wave.

Diagram A Rajah A

(a)

Diagram B Observe Diagram A and Diagram B. (i) Compare the distances, X, between two consecutive loud sounds in these two situations. ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Compare the distance, a, between the two loudspeakers. ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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(iii) State the relationship between a and X. ___________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iv) State one other physical quantity that needs to be fixed to ensure the relationship in (a)(iii) is correct. ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(v) Name the physics phenomenon involved. _____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (b) The frequency of the audio signal generator is increased. (i) What is the meaning of frequency? _____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) What happens to the distance between two consecutive loud sounds? _____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Give one reason for the answer in (b)(ii). _____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

3.

Diagram A shows a loaded spring oscillating vertically in water. The oscillating system experiences damping. Diagram B shows the displacement-time graph for the oscillating system.

Diagram A (a)

Diagram B

Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below. Damping is a situation when the (amplitude, wavelength) of the oscillation decreases. [1 mark]

(b)

State one reason why damping occurs in the oscillating system. ________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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(c) Based on Diagram B, (i) state the period of the oscillating system. ___________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) what is the frequency of the oscillating system? ___________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (d) What will happen to the period of the oscillating system when a heavier load is used? ________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

4.

Two similar louds peakers are placed 0.8 m apart. They emit a coherent sound wave. A girl walks slowly parallel to the two loudspeakers at a distance 3.2 m in front of the loudspeakers. She hears a loud sound and weak sound alternately. Figure below shows the positions of the loud and weak sounds.

Figure Rajah (a) What is meant by a coherent wave? ______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (b) The distance between three positions of the loud sound is 4.5 m, as shown in Figure above. Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave.

[3 marks] (c) The loud sound is heard due to the constructive interference of the sound waves. State how the constructive interference occurs. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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5. Diagram below shows two loudspeakers connected to an audio frequency generator. Students are standing at positions where loud sounds can be heard..

Diagram (a) What type of wave is the sound wave? _______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] Why are loud sounds heard by the students at that position? _______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] The distance between the two loudspeakers is 1.5 m. At 10.0 m from the loudspeakers, the distance between two adjacent rows of students is 4.0 m. Calculate the wave length of this sound wave.

(b)

(c)

[2 marks] (d) The frequency of the sound wave is increased. (i) What will happen to the distance between two adjacent rows where loud sounds are heard? __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (d)(i). __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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6. Diagram below shows a slinky spring being moved left and right continuously.

Diagram (a) Complete the sentence below by ticking () the correct box. The wave produced by the slinky spring is a Transverse wave. Longitudinal wave. [1 mark] (b) On Diagram above, mark X on any one of the crests of the wave. [1 mark] (c) Complete the following sentence by underlining the correct phrase in the bracket.

[1 mark] (d) What is transferred by the wave? _______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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7. Diagram below shows how a vibrating tuning fork produces sound waves in air.

Diagram (a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below. Sound wave is a (longitudinal, transverse) wave. [1 mark] (b) Based on Diagram above, (i) name region X, ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) mark one distance which is equal to a wavelength of the sound waves. Label the distance using the symbol . ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c)

The tuning fork in Diagram above vibrates in water. What happens to the speed of sound? ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

8.

Diagram shows six pendulums with different lengths being tied to a thread.

Diagram

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Pendulum X is oscillated at a frequency of 2 Hz. The other pendulums start to oscillate due to the oscillation of pendulum X. (a ) (i) Which pendulum will oscillate with the maximum amplitude? __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Give one reason for the answer in (a)(i). __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (iii) Name the phenomenon based on the answer in (a)(i). __________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] Calculate the period of oscillation of pendulum X.

(b )

[2 marks] (c) Pendulum X will stop oscillating after a few minutes. On Diagram, sketch the displacement-time graph to show the damping process.

Diagram [2 marks]

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Section B [20 marks] Answer any one question from this section. 9. Diagram A shows the red fringes formed in a Youngfs double slit experiment.

Diagram A Rajah A Diagram B shows the green fringes formed when the red light of wavelength 7.0 10-7 m is replaced by the green light of wavelength 5.0 10-7 m.

Diagram B (a) (i) What is the meaning of a wavelength? [1 mark] (ii) Based on Diagram A and Diagram B, compare the wavelength of the light source used, the distance between two consecutive fringes formed by the respective light and the distance between two consecutive fringes of red light and green light. Relate the wavelength of the light with the distance between two consecutive fringes. Name the wave phenomenon involved. [5 marks]

(b)

Diagram C shows a train in a tunnel. The sound waves from the train can be heard loudly and clearly at night.

Diagram C

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The distance of the sound waves is further apart at the top than at ground level. Explain why this situation occurs, and state how this leads to the sound being loud and clear. [4 marks] (c) Diagram D shows the design of a dish made by a student to boil water in a kettle using solar energy.

Diagram D Rajah D You are required to modify the design in Diagram D so that the water boils in a shorter time. State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects: (i) (ii) Shape of the dish. [2 marks] The type of surface of the dish. [2 marks] (iii) Size of the dish. [2 marks] (iv) (v) Position of the kettle. [2 marks] The orientation of the dish. [2 marks]

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10. Figure A shows the arrangement of the apparatus for an experiment to study a wave phenomenon.

Figure A Figure B shows the bright and dark bands of the wave pattern formed on the screen when plane waves pass trough narrow and wipe gaps.

Figure B (a) (i) Explain how the dark and light bands are formed on the screen. [4 marks] (ii) Observe Figure B. Compare the wave patterns and the wavelengths of the waves before and after they pass through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the wave patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks]

(iii)

Name the wave phenomenon shown in Figure B. [1 mark]

(b)

Figure C shows the seashore of a fishing village. During the rainy season, waves are big. One year the waves eroded the seashore, caused the jetty to collapse and damage the fishermenfs boats.

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Figure C To prevent similar damage in the future, the fishermen suggest building retaining walls and relocating the jetty. Make further suggestions of ways to help the fishermen solve their problems. You should use your knowledge of reflection, refraction and diffraction of waves to explain thesesuggestions, to include the following aspects: (i) (ii) (iii) the design and structure of the retaining wall, the location of the new jetty, the size or energy of the waves. [10 marks]

Section C [20 marks] Answer any one question from this section. 11. Diagram A shows waves moving towards a harbour.

Diagram A Rajah A (a) (i) What is the meaning of diffraction? [1 mark] (ii) Draw the wave pattern of the waves after passing through the entrance of the harbour. [1 mark]

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(b) The entrance is made wider to allow more ships to enter the harbour. What is the effect on (i) the waves passing through the entrance? [2 marks] (ii) the harbour? [1 mark] (c) Diagram B shows another modification to the harbour to overcome the heavy sea traffic problem. The wave pattern produced at the entrances is shown in Diagram B.

Diagram b (i) The wave pattern formed is caused by the superposition of waves from two coherent sources. What is the meaning of coherent sources? [1 mark] Describe the movement of two similar ships that are located at A and B. Explain your answer. [4 marks] (d) A new harbour is to be built at a new location. The suggested new location is either at a bay or a cape. Four models for the structure of the retaining wall are given. Table below shows the location and the characteristics of the four retaining walls.

(ii)

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Table Explain the best location and the suitability of each characteristic in Table above. Determine the most suitable retaining wall to be used. Give reasons for your choice. [10 marks]

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12. Diagram below shows an audio frequency generator connected to a speaker and placed near the corner of a wall. Three students, A, B, and C, are standing around the next corner. The generator and speaker can produce sound with the same speed but different pitch.

Diagram (a) State the physical quantity that affects the pitch of the sound. [1 mark] (b) When a high pitch sound is generated, only student C can hear the sound clearly. When a low pitch sound is generated, all the three students can hear the sound clearly. Explain this situasion. [4 marks] (c) Diagram below shows a radar system at an airport. Signals are transmitted from the radar system to determine the position of an aeroplane.

Diagram Table belowshows the specifications of four radar systems, K, L, M and N, that can be used to determine the position of an aeroplane.

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Table You are required to determine the most suitable radar system. Study the specifications of all the four radar systems based on the following aspects: The diameter of the parabolic disc The distance of the signal receiver from the centre of the parabolic disc The types of wave transmitted The height of the parabolic disc from the ground Explain the suitability of the aspects. [10 marks] (d) The depth of a sea is 90 m. A ship transmits an ultrasonic wave of frequency 50 kHz to the seabed and receives an echo 0.12 s later. Calculate (i) the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the water, (ii) the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in the water. [5 marks]

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Paper 3 Answer all the question from this section Waves (2009) 1. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the separation, a, of two coherent sources and the distance, x, between two consecutive antinodes of the interference pattern of water waves in a ripple tank. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of a against in Diagram below. (a) Based on the graph in Diagram below: (i) State the relationship between a and

____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Determine the value of x when a = 12 cm. Show on the graph, how you determine the value of x. x = ______________________________ cm [3 mark] (iii) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph. Show on the graph how you calculate m. m = ______________________________ cm2 [3 mark] (b) The wavelength, , of the water waves is given by the formula = , where m is the gradient of the graph and l is the distance from the wave sources to the plane where x is measured. In this experiment, l = 20.0 cm. Calculate the value of .

= _________________________________ [2 marks]

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Graph of a against

(c)

The relationship between the velocity, v, of the water waves and their wavelength, , is where f is the frequency. In this experiment, f = 12 Hz. Using the answer in (b), calculate the velocity of the water waves.

v = f,

v = _________________________________ [2 marks] (d) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the accuracy of the result of this experiment. ________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

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Waves (2006) 2. Diagrams A and B show two taps releasing droplets of water into large containers. The number of droplets which fall per second in Diagram A is more compared to the number of droplets in Diagram B. The cross-sections of the water waves formed from the droplets in the containers are shown in the diagrams.

Diagram A/Rajah A Based on the information and observation above: (a) State one suitable inference.

Diagram B/Rajah B

[1 mark] (b) State one suitable hypothesis. 1 mark] (c) With the use of apparatus such as a ripple tank, a vibrator motor with adjustable frequency and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b). In your description, state clearly the following: (i) Aim of the experiment. (ii) Variables in the experiment. (iii) List of apparatus and materials. (iv) Arrangement of the apparatus. (v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.. (vi) The way you would tabulate the data.. (vii) The way you would analyse the data.. [10 marks]

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3.

Diagram shows a man testing a newly bought audio system in a mini theatre by changing his seating position. Loud sound can only be obtained at some seating positions with a certain distance from the loudspeaker. Based on the observation above and your knowledge on waves phenomena; (a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark] (b) (c) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark] With the use of apparatus such as an audio generator, loudspeakers and other apparatus, describe an experimental framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b). In your description, state clearly the following: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) The aim of the experiment The variables in the experiment. The list of apparatus and materials. The arrangement of the apparatus. The procedure of the experiment which should include one method of controlling the manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable. The way you tabulate the data. The way you analyse the data. [10 marks]

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