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Distributed Forces

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137 views

Distributed Forces

Uploaded by

api-235086646
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

Chapter 5 Distributed Forces: Centroids and Center of Gravity

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

Centroid An Introduction
r F1 r F2

3
Simplify

r r r R = F1 + F2 r r r C = M 1 + M 2 = F1 x1 + F2 x2 R

x1

x2 x

r r Critirion for determining x : Moment due to Fi = Moment due to R

M = F x
i

i i

= Rx = ( F )x

M x= R

Fx = F

i i

Sum of moment of forces = Sum of forces


2

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

Centroid An Introduction

R = (dR ) = f ( x )dx
L 0

C = (dM ) = ( x dR ) = xf ( x )dx
L 0

C = xf ( x )dx = d f ( x )dx
L L 0 0

xf ( x )dx Moment of f ( x ) about O d = = f (x )dx Total amount (area) of f (x )


L 0 L 0

= controid of w( x )

C = d R = d f ( x )dx
L 0

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.2 Center of Gravity and Center of Mass


Center of Gravity
z
V r r
O dV

r dW
z y

y
x

V = dV
V

W = dW
V

r rG r zG W xG

r r r dM = r dW r r r r M = dM = r dW V V r r r r rG W = r dW

yG

r r r M = rG W

)
dWz Wz = dW W
4

dWx Wx NOTE : = dW W

dWy dW

Wy W

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.2 Center of Gravity and Center of Mass


Center of Gravity

(
V

r r r r r rG W = ( yGWz zGWy ) i + (zGWx xGWz ) j + (xGWy yGWx ) k r r r r r r dW = ( ydWz zdWy ) i + (zdWx xdWz ) j + (xdW y ydWx ) k

V r r r r rG W = r dW zGWx xGWz = (zdWx xdWz ) V V V

yGWz zGWy = ( ydWz zdWy )

xGWy yGWx = (xdW y ydWx )

Recall

W W y z dW = z ydW , etc. W V W W W yGWz zGWy = ( ydWz zdWy ) = z ydW y zdW , etc V W V W V dWz Wz = ydWz = V V dW W

1 xG = xdW W V

1 yG = W

ydW

1 zG = zdW W V

r 1 r rG = r dW W V
5

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.2 Center of Gravity and Center of Mass


Center of Mass
z
V r r O
y

z
dm

y
z

V = dV
V

m
r rG

m = dm
V

zG xG yG

xG

xdm xdm = = m dm
V V V

yG

ydm m

ydm = dm
V V

zG

zdm zdm = = m dm
V V V

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.3 Centroids of Volumes, Areas, and Lines


z

Volume
V C
z x

Area
A C

Line
L
C

dV y
x
xc = xdA
A

dA
z x

y
x
y

dL z
x

x
xc = xdV
V

yc zc

dV = xdV V = ydV dV = ydV V = zdV dV = zdV V


V V V V V V V V

yc zc

dA = xdA A = ydA dA = ydA A = zdA dA = zdA A


A A A A A A A A

xc = xdL
L

yc zc

dL = xdL L = ydL dL = ydL L = zdL dL = zdL L


L L L L L L L L

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.3 Centroids of Volumes, Areas, and Lines


Example: Centroid of A Rectangular Area
y

b A = dA = dx dy = bh 0 0` A h

x dA
y

2 2 hb b h b 1 1 h b 1 xdx dy xc = dy = xdA = = = = A 0 0 0 A A bh bh 2 2bh 2

My

x
y b

bh 2 h Mx 1 1 h b 1 h bydy = yc = = ydA = = ydx dy = A A A bh 0 0 bh 0 2bh 2


y

yc =
h y

dA

1 ydA A A 1 h = y (bdy ) 0 bh h = 2

b
x

xc =
dA
h

1 xdA A A 1 b = x (hdx ) 0 bh b = 2
8

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.3 Centroids of Volumes, Areas, and Lines


Example: Centroid of A Quarter Circle
- Double integral in rectangular coordinates
x2 + y2 = r2
y

r2 x2 M x = ydA = ydy dx A 0 0
r r2 x2 r 2 2 2 r y r r x r2 x x3 r3 dx = dx = = = 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 3 0

x = r2 y2 y = r2 x2

dy

r dA

A = dA =
A

r2
4

dx

M yc = x = A x

ydA A

r3 3 4r = = r 2 4 3

M y AxdA 4r = = xc = A A 3
9

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.3 Centroids of Volumes, Areas, and Lines


Example: Centroid of A Quarter Circle
- Single integral using a horizontal strip
x +y =r
2 2 2 2 2 2 32 ( ) r y r3 2 2 y r y dy = = 3 0 3 r

x= r y
2

M x = ydA =
A

y = r2 x2
dy

M yc = x = A

ydA A

r3 3 4r = = r 2 4 3
2 2 2 r y 2 r y dy = dy 2 r

r dA

r2 y2 x dM y = dA = 2 2 x M y = dM y =
A r 0

x = r2 y2

r2 y y3 r3 r2 y2 dy = = 2 6 0 3 2

xc =

M y 4r = A 3
10

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.3 Centroids of Volumes, Areas, and Lines


Example: Centroid of A Quarter Circle
- Double integral using polar coordinates
M x = ydA =
A r r 2

0 0

( sin )(dd )
3 r

2 r 2 = sin d d = 2 [ cos ]0 d 0 0 0
2

dy

r3 = d = = 0 3 0 3
r 2

x x = cos

dA

Mx r3 3 4r = = yc = A r 2 4 3 xc = M y 4r = A 3

y = sin

11

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.4 Centroids of Composite Bodies


y
A1 A2

M y = A1 xc1 + A2 xc2 AC = A1 + A2 xc = My Ac = A1 xc1 + A2 xc2 A1 + A2 Ax = A


i

C2

i ci

yc2

C1

yc1
x
xc1 xc2

M x = A1 yc1 + A2 yc2 M x A1 yc1 + A2 yc2 = = yc = Ac A1 + A2

Ay A
i i

ci

Example
10 in

Part
A2
10 in

Ai (in2) 50.0 100.0 150.0


y

xci (in) 6.67 15.0

My (in3) 333.3 1,500.0 1,833.3


yc =

yci (in) 3.33 5.0

Mx (in3) 166.7 500.0 666.7

A1
10 in

1 2
xc =

xc1 = 6.67 in yc1 = 3.33 in

xc2 = 15.0 in yc1 = 5.0 in

M A

1,833.3 = 12.22 in 150

M A

666.7 = 4.44 in 150


12

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.4 Centroids of Composite Bodies

= +

+ +
13

Table 5-1, Page 212

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.6 Distributed Loads on Beams


w = f (x )
O dR = wdx O

Find a concentrated force R that is equivalent to the distributed load w. R = dR = wdx = f ( x )dx M O = dM O = xdR = xwdx = x f ( x )dx
M O xf ( x )dx xc = = R f (x )dx
14

x
R

dx

M O = Rxc
xc

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.6 Distributed Loads on Beams


Example
w = 100 N/m O 6m 300 N O 15 m 9m
F1 = A1 = 1 1 b1h1 = (6)(100) = 300 N 2 2 2 2 xc1 = b1 = (6) = 4 m 3 3

F2 = A2 = b2h2 = (15)(100) = 1,500 N 1 1 xc2 = 6 + b2 = 6 + (15) = 13.5 m 2 2 1 1 F3 = A3 = b3h3 = (9 )(100) = 450 N 2 2 1 1 xc3 = 21 + b3 = 21 + (9 ) = 24 m 3 3 R = F1 + F2 + F3 = 2,250 N

1,500 N

450 N

4m 13.5 m 24 m
2,250 N

M O = F1 xc1 + F2 xc2 + F3 xc3 = 32,250 N - m

= (300)(4 ) + (1,500)(13.5) + (450)(24 )

14.3 m

xc = M O R = 14.3 m
15

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.7 Forces on Submerged Surfaces


dR = pdA = dV ps
R = dR = pdA = dV ps = V ps Rd x = xdR = xpdA = xdV ps = xc psV ps Rd y = ydR = ypdA = ydV ps = yc psV ps

16

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.7 Forces on Submerged Surfaces

17

MEM202 Engineering Mechanics - Statics

MEM

5.7 Forces on Submerged Surfaces

18

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