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Corrosion

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36 views42 pages

Corrosion

airplane

Uploaded by

ccoyure
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Aircraft Corrosion

Carl E. Locke, Jr.


University of Kansas

CORROSION ON 727

DRAINAGE CAUSED PROBLEM

Lap Joints - Possible Problems

Corrosion Products Cause Problems

Introduction
? ? ? ? ? ?

Definition of Corrosion Why Corrosion is Important Corrosion Electrochemistry Corrosive Environments Types of Corrosion Corrosion Control Techniques

Definition of Corrosion
?

Destructive Attack of Metal by Reaction with the Environment


Does not include non-metals Some Reactions with Environment are Helpful

Dry Cell Alumnium Oxide - Anodizing Cathodic Protection

Why Corrosion is Important


? ? ?

Economics Safety Conservation

Economics of Corrosion
?

Total Cost to Country

4% of GNP ==> > $200 Billion $2.8 Billion in 1986 (1989 Tri-Service Corrosion Conference)

Cost to Army

Safety
? ? ?

Aloha Airlines 737 Piper PA-18 & PA-22 Strut Problems Jet Landing Gear Failure

Conservation
? ?

Non-Renewable Resources Source of Metals - Non- USA

Electrochemistry of Corrosion
? ? ? ? ?

Reactions - Oxidation and Reduction Electrochemical Cell - What is Needed Energy Producers (Batteries & Fuel Cells) Substance Producers Energy Waster & Substance Destroyer

Corrosion Reactions
?

Reduction Reaction

2H+ + 2e- ==> H2 Fe ==> 2e- + Fe++

Oxidation Reaction

Reduction Reaction
?

Electron Added to Species

e-

H+

H + H ==> H2

Oxidation Reaction
?

Electrons Given by Species

2eIonic Form is Water Soluble Fe Fe++

Electrochemical Cell - What is Needed


? ? ? ?

Site for Reduction Reaction Site for Oxidation Reaction Electronic Path Ionic Path

Electrochemical Cell
?

Cell

Electronic Path

Ionic Path Oxidation

Reduction

Energy Producer (Battery/Fuel Cell)


eLoad e-

Oxidation Reaction ANODE

Reduction Reaction CATHODE

Substance Producer
2H+ + 2e- => H2 ePwr Supply + 2OH- => 1/2O2 + H2O + 2ee-

Reduction Reaction CATHODE

H2

O2

Oxidation Reaction ANODE

Tendency to Corrode
? ?

Half Cell Potentials Galvanic Series

Half Cell Potentials


? ? ?

Hydrogen Reaction Defined as 0 Volts Pure Metals in Solution of Ions, Unit Activity Example from Series

Mg++ + 2e- ==> Mg Al+3 + 3e- ==> Al Fe++ + 2e- ==> Fe Cu+++ 2e- ==> Cu Ag+++ 2e- ==> Ag

-2.38 V -1.66 V -0.44 V -0.34 V 0.80 V

Galvanic Series
? ?

Alloys and Metals in Same Solution Different Relationships with Different Solutions

Galvanic Series (Cont.)


?

Examples from Metals in Sea Water


Platinum 18-8 Stainless Steel (passive) Brasses Steel 2024 Aluminum Pure Aluminum Magnesium

Corrosive Environments
?

Environmental Factors

Rates increase with increasing temperature Rate Dependent upon specific ions Solution conductivity required System Pressure - little influence on rate

Atmospheric Environments

Atmospheric Environments
?

Marine/Coastal

High Humidity/Salt Rates 400-500 times greater than in dry atmosphere Condensed water - bad problem Localized Areas, dissolved gases, ions control rates

Industrial - Chemical

Atmospheric Environments (Cont.)


?

Rural - Urban

Time of Wetness controls

Enclosed Atmospheres

Types of Corrosion
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

General Pitting Crevice Filliform Stress Cracking Exfoliation Fretting High Temperature Attack

Exfoliation Corrosion

Stress-Corrosion Cracking

SSC Magnified

Filliform Corrosion

Corrosion Control Techniques


?

Coatings

Metallic Organic Electrochemical Film Formers

Inhibitors

? ?

Materials Selection Design Factors

Control of Aircraft Corrosion


?

Selection of Materials

Al Alloys Clad Aluminum

? ? ?

Design Inhibiting Compounds Inspection

Aluminum Alloys Used


? ? ? ? ? ?

7075 7178 2000 Series Clad Aluminum Heat Treatment is important T-73 and T-76 Widely Used

Design
? ? ? ?

Avoid Galvanic Couples Drain Holes Inspection Access Wet Assembly

DESIGN FOR CONTROL


?

SEVERAL TECHNIQUES FOR CORROSION CONTROL HERE

Design for Corrosion Control

Inhibiting Compounds
? ? ?

During Maintenance Procedures During Manufacture Compounds Available

Steps to Control Corrosion

Inspection
? ? ?

Aging Aircraft Program Levels of Corrosion Extent of Corrosion

Inspection Methods
? ? ? ? ? ?

Visual Ultrasonic X-Ray Eddy Current Dye Penetrant Magnetic Flux

Conclusions
? ?

Corrosion is a problem in Aircraft Must have a program to minimize effect

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