BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For Various Static Loading Conditions

For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
1. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . = wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w

l
2
x
_

,
M
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
8
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
(l x)

max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5wl
4
384EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
24EI
(l
2
2lx
2
+ x
3
)
2. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =
16W
93
1.0264W
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
3
R
2
V
2 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2W
3
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
3

Wx
2
l
2
M
max
(at x =
l
3
.5774 l) . . . . . . . =
2Wl
93
.1283 Wl
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
3l
2
(l
2
x
2
)

max
(at x = l 1
8
15
.5193 l) . . = 0.1304
Wl
3
EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
180EIl
2
(3x
4
10l
2
x
2
+ 7l
4
)
3. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =
4W
3
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
2
V
x
(when x <
l
2
) . . . . . . . . . . =
W
2l
2
(l
2
4x
2
)
M
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
6
M
x
(when x <
l
2
) . . . . . . . . . . = Wx

1
2

2x
2
3l
2
_

max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
3
60EI

x
(when x <
l
2
) . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
480EIl
2
(5l
2
4x
2
)
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
l
R R
2 2
l l
V
V
M
max
w
Moment
Shear
l
x
W
R R
2 2
l l
V
V
M
max
Moment
Shear
l
x
W
R R
l
V
V
M
max
1 2
.5774
2
1
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 190 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
4. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < c) . . . . . . . =
wb
2l
(2c + b)
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > c) . . . . . . . =
wb
2l
(2a + b)
V
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R
1
w(x a)
M
max

at x a +
R
1
w
_

,
. . . . . . . . = R
1

a +
R
1
2w
_

,
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R
1
x
w
2
(x a)
2
M
x
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R
2
(l x)
5. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT ONE END
R
1
V
1 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2l
(2l a)
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2l
V
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
wx
M
max

at x
R
1
w
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . =
R
1
2
2w
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
wx
2
2
M
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . = R
2
(l x)

x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . =
wx
24EIl
(a
2
(2l a)
2
2ax
2
(2l a) + lx
3
)

x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
(l x)
24EIl
(4xl 2x
2
a
2
)
6. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT EACH END
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
1
a(2l a) + w
2
c
2
2l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2
c(2l c) + w
1
a
2
2l
V
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
w
1
x
V
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) = R
1
w
1
a
V
x
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R
2
w
2
(l x)
M
max

at x
R
1
w
1
when R
1
< w
1
a
_

,
=
R
1
2
2w
1
M
max

at x l
R
1
w
2
when R
2
< w
2
c
_

,
=
R
2
2
2w
2
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
w
1
x
2
2
M
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R
1
x
w
1
a
2
(2x a)
M
x
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R
2
(l x)
w
2
(l x)
2
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
a b c
wb
1
2
a+
w
R
1
2
1
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
a
1 2
R
1
2
1
wa
w
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
a
1 2
R
1
2
1
b c
1
2
1
w a
w c
w
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 191
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
7. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = 2P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2
M
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
4
M
x

when x <
1
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
2

max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
3
48EI

when x <
1
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
48EI
(3l
2
4x
2
)
8. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . =
8Pab
l
2
R
1
V
1
(max when a < b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
l
R
2
V
2
(max when a > b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
l
M
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
l
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
l

max

at x
a(a + 2b)
3
when a > b
_

,
. . . =
Pab(a + 2b) 3a(a + 2b)
27EIl

a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
2
3EIl

x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
6EIl
(l
2
b
2
x
2
)
9. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS SYMMETRICALLY PLACED
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . =
8Pa
l
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(between loads) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pa
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Px

max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
24EI
(3l
2
4a
2
)

x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
6EI
(3la 3a
2
x
2
)

x
(when x > a and < (l a)) . . . . . . . =
Pa
6EI
(3lx 3x
2
a
2
)
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
M
max
P
a
V
a
P
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
P
a b
1
1
2
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
P
l l
2 2
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 192 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
10. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY
PLACED
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . . =
P
l
(l a + b)
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . . =
P
l
(l b + a)
V
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . =
P
l
(b a)
M
1
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
a
M
2
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . . = R
2
b
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R
1
x P(x a)
11. SIMPLE BEAMTWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY
PLACED
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
1
(l a) + P
2
b
l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
1
a + P
2
(l b)
l
V
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R
1
P
1
M
1
(max. when R
1
< P
1
) . . . . . . . . = R
1
a
M
2
(max. when R
2
< P
2
) . . . . . . . . = R
2
b
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R
1
x P(x a)
12. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = wl
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
3wl
8
R
2
V
2 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5wl
8
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
wx
M
max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
8
M
x

at x
3
8
l
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
9
128
wl
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
wx
2
2

max

at x
l
16
(1 + 33 ) .4215 l
_

,
. . . =
wl
4
185EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wx
48EI
(l
3
3lx + 2x
3
)
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
M
M
1
P
a
V
b
P
1
1
2
2
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
M
M
1
P
a
V
b
P
1
1
2
2
2
1 2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
M
1
1
1
2
2
max
4
3
8
l
l
l w
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 193
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
13. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT
CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . =
3P
2
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5P
15
R
2
V
2 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
11P
16
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . =
3Pl
16
M
1
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
5Pl
32
M
x

when x <
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
5Px
16
M
x

when x >
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . . = P

l
2

11x
16
_

max

at x l
1
5
.4472 l
_

,
. . . . . . . =
Pl
3
48EI5
.009317
Pl
3
EI

x
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
7PL
3
768EI

when x <
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
96EI
(3l
2
5x
2
)

when x >
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
96EI
(x l)
2
(11x 2l)
14. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT
ANY POINT
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
2l
3
(a + 2l)
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2l
3
(3l
2
a
2
)
M (at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
a
M
2
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
2l
2
(a + l)
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x P(x a)

max

when a < .414l at x l

(l
2
+ a
2
)
(3l
2
a
2
)
_

,
=
Pa(l
2
+ a
2
)
3
3EI(3l
2
a
2
)
2

max

when a > .414l at x l

a
2l + a
_

.......... =
Pab
2
6EI

a
2l + a

a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
3
12EIl
3
(3l + a)
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
x
12EIl
3
(3al
2
2lx
2
ax
2
)

x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
12EIl
2
(l x)
2
(3l
2
x a
3
x 2a
2
l)
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
P
l l
2 2
1
1
1
2
2
3
11
l
M
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
2
P
1
1
1
2
2
Pa
R
M
a b
2
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 194 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
15. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . =
2wl
3
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w

l
2
x
_

,
M
max
(at ends) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
12
M
1
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
24
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
12
(6lx l
2
6x
2
)

max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
4
384EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
24EI
(l x)
2
16. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2
M
max
(at center and ends) . . . . . . . . =
Pl
8
M
x

when x <
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P
8
(4x l)

max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
3
192EI

when x <
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
2
48EI
(3l 4x)
17. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
l
3
(3a + b)
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
l
3
(a + 3b)
M
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . =
Pab
2
l
2
M
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
l
2
M
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . =
2Pa
2
b
2
l
3
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
Pab
2
l
2

max

when a > b at x
2al
3a + b
_

,
. . . . =
2Pa
3
b
2
3EI(3a + b)
2

a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
3
b
3
3EIl
3

x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
x
2
6EIl
2
(3al 3ax bx)
Moment
Shear
l
x
w
R R
V
V
M
M M
1
max
l
l
2 2
l l
.2113
max
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
M M
max
l
4
2
l l
max
P
2
max
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
M
M
2 1
P
a
2
2
1
1
a b
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 195
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
18. CANTILEVER BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO FIXED END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . =
8
3
W
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = W
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = W
x
2
l
2
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
3
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
3
3l
2

max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
3
15EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
60EIl
2
(x
5
5l
4
x + 4l
5
)
19. CANTILEVER BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 4wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wl
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wx
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
2

max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
4
8EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
24EI
(x
4
4l
3
x + 3l
4
)
20. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT ROTATE
AT OTHERUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . =
8
3
wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wl
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wx
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
3
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
6
(l
2
3x
2
)

max
(at deflected end) . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
4
24EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w(l
2
x
2
)
2
24EI
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
M
M
w
max
Moment
l
.4227l
1
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
w
max
Moment
l
Shear
l
x
R
W
V
M
max
Moment
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 196 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
21. CANTILEVER BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . =
8Pb
l
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pb
M
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = P(x a)

max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
6EI
(3l b)

a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
3
3EI

x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
6EI
(3l 3x b)

x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P(l x)
2
6EI
(3b l + x)
22. CANTILEVER BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 8P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pl
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Px

max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
3
3EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
6EI
(2l
3
3l
2
x + x
3
)
23. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT ROTATE
AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT DEFLECTED END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 4P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at both ends) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P

l
2
x
_

max
(at deflected end) . . . . . . . . . . =
pl
3
12EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P(l x)
2
12EI
(l + 2x)
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
max
Moment
P
a b
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
max
Moment
P
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
M
M
max
Moment
P
max
l
2
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 197
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
24. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2l
(l
2
a
2
)
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2l
(l + a)
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wa
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2l
(l
2
+ a
2
)
V
x
(between supports) . . . . . = R
1
wx
V
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . = w(a x
1
)
M
1

at x
l
2

1
a
2
l
2
1
1
]
_

,
. . . . . =
w
8l
2
(l + a)
2
(l a)
2
M
2
(at R
2
) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2
M
x
(between supports) . . . . . =
wx
2l
(l
2
a
2
xl)
M
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
w
2
(a x
1
)
2

x
(between supports) . . . . . =
wx
24EIl
(l
4
2l
2
x
2
+ lx
3
2a
2
l
2
+ 2a
2
x
2
)

x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
wx
1
24EI
(4a
2
l l
3
+ 6a
2
x
1
4ax
1
2
+ x
1
3
)
25. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD ON
OVERHANG
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2l
R
2
V
1
+ V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2l
(2l + a)
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wa
V
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . = w(a x
1
)
M
max
(at R
2
) . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2
M
x
(between supports) . . . . . =
wa
2
x
2l
M
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
w
2
(a x
1
)
2

max

between supports at x
l
3
_

,
=
wa
2
l
2
183 EI
0.03208
wa
2
l
2
EI

max
(for overhang at x
1
a) . . . =
wa
3
24EI
(4l + 3a)

x
(between supports) . . . . . =
wa
2
x
12EIl
(l
2
x
2
)

x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
wx
1
24EI
(4a
2
l + 6a
2
x
1
4ax
1
2
+ x
1
3
)
Shear
l
x
R
2
w( +a)
Moment
l
a
x
1
R
1
2
2
1
1
( )
( )
l
l
l
l
a
a
2
2
2
2
M
M
1
2
3
1
V V
V
Shear
l
x
wa
R
max
Moment
a
x
1
R
1 2
2
1
V
V
M
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 198 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
26. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTCONCENTRATED LOAD AT END OF OVERHANG
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
l
R
2
V
1
+ V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
l
(l + a)
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at R
2
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pa
M
x
(between supports) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pax
l
M
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P(a x
1
)

max

between supports at x
l
3
_

,
. . . . . =
Pal
2
93 EI
.06415
Pal
2
EI

max
(for overhang at x
1
a) . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
3EI
(l + a)

x
(between supports) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pax
6EIl
(l
2
x
2)

x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
1
6EI
(2al + 3ax
1
x
1
2
)
27. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
BETWEEN SUPPORTS
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w

l
2
x
_

,
M
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
8
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
(l x)

max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5wl
4
384EI

x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
24EI
(l
2
2lx
2
+ x
3
)

x
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
3
x
1
24EI
28. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
BETWEEN SUPPORTS
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . =
8Pab
l
2
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
l
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
l
M
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
l
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
l

max

at x
a(a + 2b)
3
when a > b
_

,
. . . =
Pab(a + 2b) 3a(a + 2b)
27EIl

a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
2
3EIl

x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
6EIl
(l
2
b
2
x
2
)

x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa(l x)
6EIl
(2lx x
2
a
2
)

x
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pabx
1
6EIl
(l + a)
Shear
l
x
R
max
Moment
a
x
1
R
1
2
2
1
V
M
V
P
Shear
l
x
R
Moment
a
w
x
1
R
V
V
l
l l
2 2
M
max
Shear
l
x
R
Moment
x
1
R
V
V
2
1
M
max
P
b a
1
2
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 199
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
29. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSUNIFORM LOAD ON ONE SPAN
Total Equiv. Uniform Load =
49
64
wl
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
7
16
wl
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . =
5
8
wl
R
3
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
1
16
wl
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
9
16
wl
M
max

at x
7
16
l
_

,
. . . . . =
49
512
wl
2
M
1
(at support R
2
) . . . . =
1
16
wl
2
M
x
(when x < l) . . . . . =
wx
16
(7l 8x)

max
(at 0.472 l from R
1
) . . = .0092 wl
4
/ EI
30. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
OF ONE SPAN
Total Equiv. Uniform Load =
13
8
P
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
13
32
P
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . =
11
16
P
R
3
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
3
32
P
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
19
32
P
M
max
(at point of load) . . . =
13
64
Pl
M
1
(at support R
2
) . . . . =
3
32
Pl

max
(at 0.480 l from R
1
) . . = .015Pl
3
/ EI
31. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
4l
3
(4l
2
a(l + a))
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2l
3
(2l
2
+ b(l + a))
R
3
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
4l
3
(l + a)
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
4l
3
(4l
2
+ b(l + a))
M
max
(at point of load) . . . =
Pab
4l
3
(4l
2
a(l + a))
M
1
(at support R
2
) . . . . =
Pab
4l
2
(l + a)
x
wl
R R R
1 2 3
l l
1
2
3
V
7
16
l
Shear
Moment
V
V
M
M
1
max
R R R
1 2 3
l l
1
2
3
V
Shear
Moment
V
V
M
M
1
max
P l l
2 2
R R R
1 2 3
l l
1
2
3
V
Shear
Moment
V
V
M
M
1
max
P
a b
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 200 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
32. BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
+
M
1
M
2
l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2

M
1
M
2
l
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . = w

l
2
x
_

,
+
M
1
M
2
l
M
3

at x
l
2
+
M
1
M
2
wl
_

,
. . =
wl
2
8

M
1
+ M
2
2
+
(M
1
M
2
)
2
2wl
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
(l x) +

M
1
M
2
l
_

,
x M
1
b (to locate inflection points) =
l
2
4

M
1
+ M
2
w
_

,
+

M
1
M
2
wl
_

,
2

x
=
wx
24EI

x
3

2l +
4M
1
wl

4M
2
wl
_

,
x
2
+
12M
1
w
x + l
2

8M
1
l
w

4M
2
l
w
1
1
]
33. BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2
+
M
1
M
2
l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2

M
1
M
2
l
M
3
(at center) . . . . . . . . =
Pl
4

M
1
+ M
2
2
M
x

when x <
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . =

P
2
+
M
1
M
2
l
_

,
x M
1
M
x

when x >
l
2
_

,
. . . . . . =
P
2
(l x) +
(M
1
M
2
)x
l
M
1

when x <
l
2
_

,

Px
48EI

3l
2
4x
2

8(l x)
Pl
[M
1
(2l x) + M
2
(l + x)]
_

,
Shear
l
x
w
R
Moment
R
V
V
2 1
M
1
1
2
l M M
1 2
M >M
1 2
M
3
M
2
b b
Shear
l
x
R
Moment
R
V
V
2
1
M
1
1
2
M M
1 2
M >M
1 2
M
3
M
2
P
l l
2 2
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 201
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
34. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSONE END SPAN UNLOADED
35. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSEND SPANS LOADED
36. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSALL SPANS LOADED

wl wl
A B C D l l l
R = 0.383
A
l w R = 1.20
B
wl R = 0.450
C
wl
R = 0.033
D
wl
Shear
Moment
0.383wl
l w 0.583 l w 0.033
l w 0.617 l w 0.417
l w 0.033
0.583 0.383 l l
+0.0735 wl
2
0.1167
2
wl
+0.0534
2
wl
0.0333
2
wl
(0.430 from A) = 0.0059 w / El l l
4
max

wl wl
A B C D l l l
R = 0.450
A
l w R = 0.550
B
wl R = 0.550
C
wl
R = 0.450
D
wl
Shear
Moment
0.450 wl
l w 0.550
l w 0.550
l w 0.450
0.450l
+0.1013 wl
2
0.050
2
wl
+0.1013
2
wl
(0.479 from A or D) = 0.0099 w / El l l
4
0.450 l
max

wl wl
A B C D l l l
R = 0.400
A
l w R = 1.10
B
wl R = 1.10
C
wl
R = 0.400
D
wl
Shear
Moment
0.400 wl
l w 0.600
l w 0.600
l w 0.400
0.400 l
+0.080 wl
2
+0.025
2
wl
+0.080
2
wl
(0.446 from A or D) = 0.0069 w / El l l
4
0.400 l
l w
0.500 l w
0.500 l w
0.100 l w
2
0.100 l w
2
0.500 l 0.500 l
max

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

4 - 202 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions
For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
37. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSTHIRD SPAN UNLOADED
38. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSLOAD FIRST AND THIRD SPANS
39. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSALL SPANS LOADED

wl
A B C E l l l
R = 0.380
A
l w R = 1.223
B
wl R = 0.357
C
wl
R = 0.442
E
wl
Shear
Moment
0.380wl
l w 0.620
l w 0.442
0.380 l
+0.072 wl
2
+0.0611
2
wl
+0.0977
2
wl
(0.475 from E) = 0.0094 w / El l l
4
0.442 l
l w
0.603 l w
0.397 l w
0.1205 l w
2
0.0179 l w
2
0.603 l
D
l w
l
R = 0.598
D
wl
0.558 l w
0.040 l w
0.058
2
wl
max

wl
A B C E l l l
R = 0.446
A
l w R = 0.572
B
wl R = 0.464
C
wl
R = 0.054
E
wl
Shear
Moment
0.446wl
l w 0.554
l w 0.054
0.446 l
+0.0996 wl
2
+0.0805
2
wl
(0.477 from A) = 0.0097 w / El l l
4
0.518l
0.018 l w 0.482 l w
0.0536 l w
2
0.0357 l w
2
D
l w
l
R = 0.572
D
wl
0.054 l w
0.518 l w
0.0536
2
wl
max

wl wl
A B C E l l l
R = 0.393
A
l w R = 1.143
B
wl R = 0.928
C
wl R = 0.393
E
wl
Shear
Moment
0.393 wl
l w 0.464
l w 0.607
l w 0.393
0.393l
+0.0772 wl
2
+0.0364
2
wl
+0.0772
2
wl
(0.440 from A and D) = 0.0065 w / El l l
4
0.393 l
l w
0.536 l w
0.464 l w
0.1071 l w
2
0.0714 l w
2
0.536 l 0.536 l
D
l w
l
R = 1.143
D
wl
0.607 l w
0.536 l w
+0.0364 wl
2
0.1071
2
wl
max

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 203