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Automatic Boiler Controls

The document discusses automatic boiler controls (ABC) systems. It describes how ABC systems use three subsystems - automatic combustion control, automatic feedwater control, and main feed pump constant pressure control - to measure boiler parameters like steam pressure and water level, compare them to setpoints, compute corrections, and adjust control elements like blowers, valves, and pumps to maintain steady operations. It also explains functions like shrink and swell compensation during load changes.
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100% found this document useful (5 votes)
4K views36 pages

Automatic Boiler Controls

The document discusses automatic boiler controls (ABC) systems. It describes how ABC systems use three subsystems - automatic combustion control, automatic feedwater control, and main feed pump constant pressure control - to measure boiler parameters like steam pressure and water level, compare them to setpoints, compute corrections, and adjust control elements like blowers, valves, and pumps to maintain steady operations. It also explains functions like shrink and swell compensation during load changes.
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

AUTOMATIC BOILER CONTROLS

62B-
208

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Functions

MEASURE

COMPARE

COMPUTE

CORRECT

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
What Makes It Work?
• Low pressure air system

• Continuous supply

• High quality

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Automatic Boiler Controls
• Consist of three sub-systems

• Automatic combustion control


• Automatic FEEDWATER control
• Main feed pump constant pressure

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Combustion Control
• Maintains steam drum or SUPERHEATER
outlet pressure

• Within 5 PSI of SETPOINT during steady


state conditions

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Combustion Control

MEASURES
STEAM ACC
PRESSURE

GENERATES A
MASTER DEMAND
FOR FUEL AND AIR
STEAM
DRUM MANIPULATES THE
FORCED DRAFT BLOWERS &
FUEL OIL CONTROL VALVE
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Combustion Control

MEASURES ACC
STEAM
PRESSURE
FORCED DRAFT BLOWER

MANIPULATES AIR FLOW TO THE BOILER


BY INCREASING/DECREASING THE SPEED
OF THE FORCED DRAFT BLOWER
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Combustion Control

MEASURES
STEAM ACC
PRESSURE
MANIPULATES FUEL FLOW
TO THE BOILER BY
INCREASING/DECREASING
FUEL FLOW TO THE BURNERS

FUEL OIL CONTROL VALVE


62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Combustion Control

MEASURES
STEAM ACC
PRESSURE

FORCED DRAFT BLOWER

FUEL OIL CONTROL VALVE


62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Automatic/manual Control
Stations
PRIOR TO THE
FINAL CONTROL AUTOMATIC SYSTEM
ELEMENT TO
ALLOW
FOR HUMAN
INTERVENTION

FINAL CONTROL
ELEMENT

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Automatic FEEDWATER
Control
• Maintains water level in boiler steam drum

• Plus or minus one inch from normal

• All steady state load conditions

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Automatic FEEDWATER
Control
3 Element Water Level
Feed +/-1 inch of Normal

MANIPULATES THE
FEEDWATER
CONTROL VALVE TO
REGULATE FEED FLOW
TO THE BOILER 62B-208-
11 AUG 00
THREE ELEMENTS
TO CONTROL
SF
FEEDWATER FLOW T

DLT
DLT

FWCV FF
T

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
SF
T
SF/FF
RELAY
DLT

FWCV FF
T
FF
C
FWCV FWC
POS A/M 62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Compensates For Shrink And
Swell
• Steam flow and drum level will respond in
the same direction upon a boiler load
change

• Increase to increase

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Shrink & Swell
• During up PWR MANUEVERS, a
temporary rise in BLR WTR LVL occurs --
called swell
• During DWN PWR MANUEVERS, a
temporary drop in BLR WTR LVL occurs
-- called shrink

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Swell
• Increase in STM demand:
– More STM leaves BLR.
– Drum press starts decreasing.
– STM bubbles in GEN tubes expand.
– WTR level appears to “swell”.

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Swell
• Automatic combustion CONTRL system (acc
sys) senses decrease in drum press and
increases firing rate
• Drum press increases and regains SETPOINT
• WTR LVL decreases as bubble size decreases

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Swell
• WTR reaches normal and get slightly below
normal
• Automatic boiler control system (ABC sys)
will increase feed flow to match STM flow
• WTR LVL achieves normal

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Shrink
• During a DWN PWR MANUEVER shrink
has the opposite effect :
– Co wants all stop -- man overboard!
– Throttle closes
– STM drum press rises
– WTR level lowers or “shrinks”

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Shrink
• Acc sys decreases firing rate
• Drum press regains SETPOINT
• WTR LVL increases
• WTR LVL reaches normal, and slightly
above normal
• ABC sys decreases feed flow

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Main Feed Pump Controls
• Maintain a constant pressure
FEEDWATER supply to the boiler while
on line

• Designed to supplement the FEEDWATER


control valve

• 150 -200 PSI above steam drum pressure


62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Main Feed Pump Controls
• The output of the header pressure controller
will be directly proportional to the actual
header pressure

• Increase - increase

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Feed Pump Controls
MAIN FD MEASURES FEED
PUMP CONT. PRESSURE FROM A
COMMON HEADER
TO ONE OR MORE
BOILERS

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Feed Pump Controls
MAIN FD GENERATES
PUMP CONT. A DEMAND
SIGNAL TO THE
FEED PUMP STEAM
ADMISSION VALVE

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Feed Pump Controls
MAIN FD
PUMP CONT.

THROUGH THE A/M


STATIONS ON THE
CONSOLE
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Feed Pump Controls
MAIN FD
PUMP CONT.

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Constant Pressure
Regulator
• Feed pressure
directly opposes
spring compression

From common
Header

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Boiler Control Test
• On-line alignment and verification
• Boiler flexibility test

• Overall system reliability

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Final Control Elements
• Fail safe positions

• Combustion to minimum
• Water level to maximum
• FEEDWATER control valve open
• Feed pump steam admission valve fully
open

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
BOILER FLEX COMPONENTS
S/ SP FINAL
F/ F
F T CONTROL
FW
C ELEMENTS
D/
L

FD
B

F
OCV

MF
P

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Air Pressure Failure
• Air lock system

• Holds final control elements

• Allows WATCHSTANDERS to take


control of the plant

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
NEEDLE VALVE

INDIVIDUA
L
MASTE TRIP
40 VALVE
R
PSI
RESE TRIP
65 PSI
T
FROM
A/M STATION
REDUCE 80 THREE
R
ALARM PSI WAY
PRESSUR
E VENT
TO
SWITCH
75 FINAL
125 CONTRO
PSI L 62B-208-
PSI 11 AUG 00
ELEMNT
Modes Of Operation
• Automatic

• Remote MAUNUAL

• Local manual

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
NOW WE KNOW OUR ABC’S

THE
END

62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Introduction To ABC System

62b-208

62B-208-
11 AUG 00

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