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8 Math Exponents and Power

Numbers with negative exponents obey the following laws of exponents. Very small numbers can be expressed in standard form using negative exponent.

Uploaded by

Ajay Anand
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
140 views

8 Math Exponents and Power

Numbers with negative exponents obey the following laws of exponents. Very small numbers can be expressed in standard form using negative exponent.

Uploaded by

Ajay Anand
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Finish Line & Beyond

Exponents and Power

1. Numbers with negative exponents obey the following laws of exponents.


(a) am × an = amn
(b) am ÷ an = am–n
(c) (am)n = amn
(d) am × bm = (ab)m
(e) a0 = 1
(f) am/ bm =(a/b)m
2. Very small numbers can be expressed in standard form using negative exponents.

Exercise 1
1. Evaluate.
(i) 3–2

1 1
Answer: 3–2 = =
3² 9

(ii) (– 4)– 2

1 1
Answer: (– 4)– 2 = =
− 4² 16

1 -2 1 -2 1 -2
(iii)( ) +( ) +( )
2 3 4

1 -2 1 -2 1 -2
Answer: ( ) +( ) +( )
2 3 4
= 2²+3²+4² = 4+9+16 = 29

2. Simplify and express the result in power notation with positive exponent.
(i) (– 4)5 ÷ (– 4)8

Answer: am ÷ an = am-n
So, (– 4)5 ÷ (– 4)8
=(-4)5-8 = (-4)-3
1 1
=( )³ =
− 4 64
1
(ii) ( )²
2³
1
Answer: ( )²
2³
(am)n = amn

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Finish Line & Beyond

1
Hence, ( )²
2³
1
= 1/26 =
64

5
(iii) (-3) × ( )
3
=3 × 5 ÷ 3 (the power on 3 is even so -3 = 3)
=5=625
Another way of solving is using am ÷ an = am-n
So, -3 ÷ 3=-3°=1

(iv) (3–7 ÷ 3–10) × 3–5


Answer: Using am ÷ an = am-n
(3–7 ÷ 3–10) = 3-7+10 = 3

Hence, (3–7 ÷ 3–10) × 3–5


=3 × 3–5
Now, am × an=am+n
Hence, =3 × 3–5
=33-5=3-2
1 1
= =
3² 9
(v) 2– 3 × (–7)–3

Answer: 2– 3 × (–7)–3
1 1
= ×
2³ − 7³
1 1 1
= × =
8 243 1944
3. Find the value of.
(i) (3° + 4–1) × 22

Answer: (3° + 4–1) × 22


1
= (1+ )× 4
4
5
= × 4= 5
4
(ii) (2–1 × 4–1) ÷ 2–2
1 1 1
Answer: × ÷
2 4 2× 2
1 1 1
= × × 4=
2 4 2
(iii) (3–1 + 4–1 + 5–1)0

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Finish Line & Beyond

Answer: aº=1
Hence, (3–1 + 4–1 + 5–1)0 = 1

− 2 -2
(iv)(( ) )²
3
Answer: (am)n =amn
− 2 -2
Hence, (( ) )²
3
− 2 -4
=( )
3
3
=( )
− 2
81
=
16

4. Evaluate
(i) 8-1 × 4³ ÷ 2-4
1 1
Answer: × 64 ÷
8 16
1
= × 64 × 16 = 128
8

(ii) (5–1 × 2–1) × 6–1

1 1 1 1
Answer: = × × =
5 2 6 60
5. Find the value of m for which 5m ÷ 5–3 = 55

Answer: am = am-n
Here, m-n = 5 and n = -3
So, m = 5+(-3)=2

6. Evaluate
1 -1 1 -1 -1
(i) (( ) -( ) )
3 4
Answer: (3-4)-1 = (-1)-1 =-1

5 -7 8 -4
(ii) ( ) × ( )
8 5

8 7 5 4
Answer: =( ) × ( )
5 8

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Finish Line & Beyond

=87/84 × 54/57
1 512
= 8³ × =
5³ 125

7. Simplify.
(i) (25 × t-4) ÷ (5-3 × 10 × t-8) ( t ≠ 0)

Answer: (25 × t-4) ÷ (5-3 × 10 × t-8)


=(5² × t-4) ÷ (5-3 × 5 × 2 × t-8)
= 52+2 × t-4+8 ÷ 2
= 5 × t ÷ 2

(ii) (3-5 × 10-5 × 125) ÷ (5-7 × 6-5)


Answer: (3-5 × 10-5 × 125) ÷ (5-7 × 6-5)
= (3-5 × 5-5 × 2-5 × 5) ÷ (5-7 × 6-5)
= (3-5 × 5-5+3 × 2-5) ÷ (5-7 × 6-5)
= (3-5 × 5-2 × 2-5) ÷ (5-7 × 3-5 × 2-5)
= (3-5+5 × 5-2+7 × 2-5+5)
= (30 × 55 × 20)
=1 × 3125=3125

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