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Educational Research Validity & Types of Validity: Ayaz Muhammad Khan

There are several types of validity that are important when evaluating tests and measurements. Content validity refers to how well a test measures the specific subject area it is intended to measure. Construct validity examines whether a test measures theoretical concepts or constructs it claims to measure. Criterion validity assesses how well scores on a test predict or correlate with scores on some other valid measure of the same construct.

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478 views

Educational Research Validity & Types of Validity: Ayaz Muhammad Khan

There are several types of validity that are important when evaluating tests and measurements. Content validity refers to how well a test measures the specific subject area it is intended to measure. Construct validity examines whether a test measures theoretical concepts or constructs it claims to measure. Criterion validity assesses how well scores on a test predict or correlate with scores on some other valid measure of the same construct.

Uploaded by

Fahad Mushtaq
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Educational Research Validity & Types Of Validity

Ayaz Muhammad Khan

Meaning of Validity
The term validity means Truthfulness' and
trust worthiness .Validity is the most important quality of Any test .Validity concerned what the test measure and for whom it is appropriate.

Definition
Definition of validity is that
It is the degree to which a test measures ,or what is suppose to measure and consequently permits appropriate interpretation of scores and appropriateness of the instrument

Characteristics of Validity
A test is valid only for a particular purpose
In reality the same test can be valid for
one purpose and invalid for another.

Validity is always a matter of degree


depending on situation .

Example
A test of biology achievement is not very
likely to be a valid personality test it would be obvious almost anyone looking at a test of biology achievement that the test did not measure any aspect of personality.

A teacher is valid for a particular purpose

that is a particular are of instruction a valid kindergarten teacher is not very likely also to be a valid for high school teacher Math teacher is not very likely also to be a valid High school physical education teacher.

Types of Validity
Content validity Construct validity Criterion validity
o Predictive validity o Concurrent validity

Cultural validity Face validity Internal validity External validity

Content validity
Content validity is a degree to which a test
measures and intended content area. It is concerned with coverage and representatives rather than with patterns or scores.

content validity will need to several features of a test a) A test coverage (the extent to which the test cover the relevant field ) b) Test relevance (the extent to which a test item are taught to or a relevant to a particular programme) c) Programme coverage (the extent to which a program cover a overall field in question)

Construct validity
A construct is no observable trait such as
intelligence creativity motivation, we cant see a construct we can only observe its effect we cant perform brain surgery on a person and see his/ her intelligence. construct however do an amazing good job of explaining certain differences between individual.

Predictive Validity
Predictive validity is the ability of the test to
identify future difference for instance for the predictive validity of college entrance examination is the ability of those test to identify who will graduate from college and who will drop out or to predict who will receive high grades and who will receive low grade.

Predictive validity is an evaluation of a test practical work in foreseeing the future.

Concurrent validity
validity of a test or a measurement tool
that is established by simultaneously applying a previously validated tool or test to the same phenomenon, or data base, and comparing the results. Concurrent validity is achieved if the results are highly correlated (the same or similar) at a statistically significant level.

Face Validity
Face validity is where , superficially , the test
appears at face value-to test what it is designed to test. it simply refers to rather the test look valid on the face of it

Face validity is evaluated by a groups of judges


sometimes expert who read or look at a measurinfg techniques whether in their opinion what the names suggests

External validity
External validity refers to the degree to
which the results can be generalized to the wider population, cases or situation.

Internal Validity
Internal validity seeks to demonstrate that
the explanation of a particular event , issues or set of data which a piece of research provides can actually be sustained by the data

In ethnographic research internal validity


can be addressed in several ways:
Using low inference descriptors Using multiple researchers Using participant researcher Using peer examination of data

Cultural validity
Culture validity is defined as: The degree to which the study is appropriate to the culture setting where research is to carried out

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