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Finite Element Method

The finite element method is a numerical method for obtaining approximate solutions to engineering and physics problems using computers. It involves dividing a structure into small elements and connecting them at nodes. The method formulates a stiffness matrix relating forces and displacements at nodes. It then assembles element matrices into a global matrix and solves for unknown displacements. Common applications include structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, and electromagnetism.

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50% found this document useful (2 votes)
496 views24 pages

Finite Element Method

The finite element method is a numerical method for obtaining approximate solutions to engineering and physics problems using computers. It involves dividing a structure into small elements and connecting them at nodes. The method formulates a stiffness matrix relating forces and displacements at nodes. It then assembles element matrices into a global matrix and solves for unknown displacements. Common applications include structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, and electromagnetism.

Uploaded by

shivam choudhary
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT

solved

Analytical solutions using differential equation for simple geometry, loadings, material properties etc Example: structural problem

Engineering Problems Structural analysis Heat transfer Fluid flow Mass transport Electromagnetic potential

simple

complex?

What about complex engineering problems (loading, geometry and material properties are complex)? Should use numerical method to solve the problem using digital computer

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD A numerical method for obtaining approximate numerical solution of problems of engineering and physics by the aid of computer The finite element method involves modeling the structure using small interconnected elements called finite elements

nodes

FOR STRUCTURAL PROBLEM, USUALLY ENGINEER SEEK TO DETERMINE DISPLACEMENTS AND STRESSES THROUGHOUT THE STRUCTURE

2 GENERAL APPROACHES FORCE/FLEXIBILITY METHOD USES INTERNAL FORCES AS THE UNKNOWNS OF THE PROBLEM equilibrium equation compatibility equation resulting in a set of algebraic equations for determined unknown forces DISPLACEMENT/STIFFNESS METHOD ASSUMES THE DISPLACEMENTS OF THE NODES AS THE UNKNOWNS OF THE PROBLEM nodal displacement using equation of equilibrium law relating forces to displacements

STEPS OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

1.

2. 3. 4.

5.

6 7

Discretize and Select the Element Types modeling a body by dividing it into an equivalent system of smaller bodies or units (finite elements) interconnected at points common to or more elements (nodal points or nodes) and/or boundary lines and/or surfaces (discretization) Element type: line element, plane elements, 3D element, axisymmetric Select a Displacement Function linier, quadratic, cubic polinomials Define the strain/Displacement and Stress/Strain Relationships x=du/dx, x=Ex Derive the Element Stiffness Matrix and Equations direct method, energy method, weighted residual method {f}=[k]{d} Assemble the Element Equations to obtain the Global Equations and introduce boundary conditions element stiffness matrix are added together to obtain global stiffness matrix (globalization) {F}=[K]{d} Solve for the Unknown Degrees of Freedom using elimination method, iterative method etc Solve for the Element Strains and Stresses Interpret the Results largest displacement, largest stress etc

OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT

THE DISPLACEMENT METHOD YIELD THE FEM CHARACTERISTIC SYSTEM OF EQUATION


stiffness matrix

{f}
Load vector

= [k] {d}
displacement vector

OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT

OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT

ELEMENTS IN FEM

line element

in software: bar, beam, rod

plane element

in software: QUAD4 etc

3D element

in software:tetrahedral brick

OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT

in matrix form

stiffness matrix

Globalization of element stiffness matrix into global stiffness matrix

in local coordinate spring 1

in global coordinates

spring 2

Global stiffness matrix (combine)

Global stiffness matrix

Example Calculation

N/cm

N/cm

cm

cm

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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