Finite Element Method
Finite Element Method
OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT
solved
Analytical solutions using differential equation for simple geometry, loadings, material properties etc Example: structural problem
Engineering Problems Structural analysis Heat transfer Fluid flow Mass transport Electromagnetic potential
simple
complex?
What about complex engineering problems (loading, geometry and material properties are complex)? Should use numerical method to solve the problem using digital computer
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD A numerical method for obtaining approximate numerical solution of problems of engineering and physics by the aid of computer The finite element method involves modeling the structure using small interconnected elements called finite elements
nodes
FOR STRUCTURAL PROBLEM, USUALLY ENGINEER SEEK TO DETERMINE DISPLACEMENTS AND STRESSES THROUGHOUT THE STRUCTURE
2 GENERAL APPROACHES FORCE/FLEXIBILITY METHOD USES INTERNAL FORCES AS THE UNKNOWNS OF THE PROBLEM equilibrium equation compatibility equation resulting in a set of algebraic equations for determined unknown forces DISPLACEMENT/STIFFNESS METHOD ASSUMES THE DISPLACEMENTS OF THE NODES AS THE UNKNOWNS OF THE PROBLEM nodal displacement using equation of equilibrium law relating forces to displacements
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Discretize and Select the Element Types modeling a body by dividing it into an equivalent system of smaller bodies or units (finite elements) interconnected at points common to or more elements (nodal points or nodes) and/or boundary lines and/or surfaces (discretization) Element type: line element, plane elements, 3D element, axisymmetric Select a Displacement Function linier, quadratic, cubic polinomials Define the strain/Displacement and Stress/Strain Relationships x=du/dx, x=Ex Derive the Element Stiffness Matrix and Equations direct method, energy method, weighted residual method {f}=[k]{d} Assemble the Element Equations to obtain the Global Equations and introduce boundary conditions element stiffness matrix are added together to obtain global stiffness matrix (globalization) {F}=[K]{d} Solve for the Unknown Degrees of Freedom using elimination method, iterative method etc Solve for the Element Strains and Stresses Interpret the Results largest displacement, largest stress etc
OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT
{f}
Load vector
= [k] {d}
displacement vector
OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT
OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT
ELEMENTS IN FEM
line element
plane element
3D element
in software:tetrahedral brick
OVERVIEW FEM PROCEDURE FORMULATION OF STIFFNESS MATRIX ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ELEMENTS STIFFNESS METHOD FOR SPRING ELEMENT
in matrix form
stiffness matrix
in global coordinates
spring 2
Example Calculation
N/cm
N/cm
cm
cm