Math at Work 2 - Granite Construction 25

Using Load Charts

The load chart should be consulted for every lift made by the crane. The only exception
to this is lifts that duplicate exactly the conditions of the previous lift for which the load
chart was checked. Too often when the crane collapses or tips over, the accident
investigation reveals that the operator was attempting a lift that was completely off the
load chart!
0verv|ew
This section starts with a look at the various parts of the load charts and a description
of how they are used to solve lift problems. Following this introduction to load charts are
examples of solutions to typical lift problems where both net capacity and working radius
are calculated. The section ends with additional lift problems on which to practice your
skills.
learn|ng 0bject|ves
2.1 At the end of this Load Charts section, you will be able to:
2.2 Identify the parts of the load chart and the function of each.
2.3 Understand the terms: working radius, gross capacity, and net capacity.
2.4 Identify the two main types of lift calculations.
2.5 Calculate net capacity for several types of cranes using a variety of configurations.
2.6 Calculate maximum working radius for several types of cranes using a variety of
configurations.
26 Math at Work 2 - Granite Construction
Farts o the load fhart
What we call the load chart is actually a number of diagrams and tables that describe
the types of lifts the crane can perform together with the capacities associated with each
type of lift and crane configuration. All the parts of the load chart are used in various
combinations, depending on the problem the operator has to solve. The load chart may
comprise any of the following parts:
Working Area Diagram - The working area diagram is a plan view of the crane
showing the areas or quadrants in which the crane can operate. Most cranes can operate
in all four quadrants over the front, over the back, and over both sides. Different capacity
charts may be used for each quadrant.
When operating a new machine, refer to the working area diagram until you are
confident about the boundaries of each quadrant, and familiar with any notes that qualify
the information in the diagram.
Math at Work 2 - Granite Construction 27
Notes - The notes which accompany the capacity chart are extremely important. They
add exceptions and qualifications which are critical to understanding crane capacity and
should never be ignored. The notes also describe crane attachments and configuration.
Capacity Charts - give the maximum and minimum gross crane capacities across the
full range of boom angles and crane configurations. Several capacity charts may be used
for different working areas and for different jib and boom configurations.
h0t5 f0k lIftIh6 fAFAfItI5
1. Do not exceed any rated lifting capacity. Rated
lifting capacities are based on freely suspended
loads with the machine leveled and standing on a
firm supporting surface. Ratings with outriggers
are based on outriggers being extended to their
maximum position and tires raised free of crane
weight before extending the boom or lifting
loads.
2. Practical working loads for each particular job
shall be established by the user depending on
operating condition to include: the supporting
surface, wind and other factors affecting stability,
hazardous surroundings, experience of personnel,
handling of load, etc. No attempt must be made
to move a load horizontally on the ground in any
direction.
3. Operating radius is the horizontal distance from
the axis of rotation before loading to the
centerline of the vertical hoist line or tackle with
loads applied.
4. On Rubber lifting (if permitted) depends on
proper tire inflation, capacity and condition. On
Rubber loads may be transported at a maximum
vehicle speed of .5 mi/hr (4 Km/hr) on a firm and
level surface under conditions specified.
5. Jibs may be used for lifting crane service only. Jib
capacities are based on structural strength of jib
or main boom and on main boom angle.
ON OTRIGGERS FULLY EXTENDED - OVER SIDE
Radius in
Feet
Main Boom Length in Feet
(Power Pinned Fly Retracted)
Power Pin.
Fly & 81 ft.
32 ft. Ext &
81 ft.
32 ft. Ext &
104 ft.
34 38 44 50 56 62 68 74 81 104 113 136
10
70,000
()
8,000
(7T.5)
4,000
(74.5)
0,000
(7.5)
See
Warning
Note 4
See
Warning
Note 5
See
Warning
Note 6
12
5,000
(5)
2,500
(8)
57,500
(7T.5)
54,000
(74)
5T,000
(7)
4,000
(77.5)
15
57,000
(5.5)
55,000
(3)
50,000
(7.5)
4,500
(70.5)
43,00
(73)
4T,00
(74.5)
40,000
(7.5)
38,00
(77.5)
20
4,80
(48.5)
43,000
(54)
3,500
(0)
3,50
(4)
34,500
(7.5)
32,700
(70)
3T,400
(72)
30,000
(73.5)
28,700
(7)
25
2,450
(35.5)
2,450
(44)
2,450
(52)
2,450
(57.5)
28,T00
(T.5)
2,500
(5)
25,300
(7.5)
24,200
(.5)
23,T00
(72)
20,000
(77)
T7,500
(77.5)
30
20,50
(T4)
20,50
(3T)
20,50
(43)
20,50
(50)
20,50
(55.5)
20,50
(5.5)
20,50
(2.5)
20,000
(5.5)
T,000
(8)
T7,750
(74.5)
T5,400
(75.5)
35
T5,450
(3T.5)
T5,450
(42)
T5,450
(4)
T5,450
(54)
T5,450
(57.5)
T5,450
(T)
T5,450
(4.5)
T5,00
(7T.5)
T3,700
(73)
,00
(77.5)
40
TT,4T0
(T3.5)
TT,4T0
(32)
TT,4T0
(4T.5)
TT,4T0
(47.5)
TT,4T0
(52.5)
TT,4T0
(5.5)
TT,4T0
(0)
T3,T00
(8.5)
T2,200
(70.5)
8,750
(75.5)
45
8,450
(T8)
8,450
(32.5)
8,450
(4T)
8,450
(47)
8,450
(5T.5)
8,450
(5)
T0,0
(5.5)
T0,800
(7.5)
7,00
(73)
50
,30
(20.5)
,30
(33)
,30
(40.5)
,30
(4)
,30
(5T.5)
8,750
(2)
8,70
(4.5)
7,050
(7T)
28 Math at Work 2 - Granite Construction
Range Diagram - indicate the range of boom lengths, boom angles, and crane
configurations.
Miscellaneous Technical Data - Other charts included with the Load Chart give
weights for hook blocks and related equipment.
JlB C/P/ClfllS lN PCUNDS
24 fl. JlB cnc 32 fl, lXf Ccmc|ncl|cn
lc|n
Bccm
/nQ|e
l|n.
5
0
Cffsel

T7
0
Cffsel
lcx.
30
0
Cffsel
7
0
,000 5,200 4,00
70
0
4,300 3,40 3,50
5
0
3,430 3,200 3,0T0
0
0
2,70 2,00 2,470
55
0
2,220 2,TT0 2,020
Math at Work 2 - Granite Construction 29
0nderstand|ng kange 0|agrams
The range diagram is a way to relate the cranes boom angle and boom length to boom
tip height and the distance of the load line from the axis of rotation. Knowing any two of
these four variables will allow the operator to search the diagram for the other two. In
order to understand how the range diagram works, we will look at its parts.
The range diagram can be broken down into two separate and distinct pieces which
have been layered together to form the complete diagram. The first is a vector
representation of the cranes boom. The second piece of the diagram is a coordinate grid
layered over the vector diagram. The coordinate grid has height in feet
as the vertical axis, and working radius as the horizontal axis
(working radius is the distance from the cranes axis of
rotation to the load line). The range diagram is
constructed on a plane that cuts the
crane in half along the axis of
the boom (shown
below)
The grid on a range diagram is marked off in feet from the origin; the vertical axis
indicates distance above the boom heel, while the horizontal axis indicates distance from
the cranes axis of rotation to the load line.
30 Math at Work 2 - Granite Construction
Vectors
A vector is a line of a specific length extending from the origin at a specific angle. In
the case of the range diagram the vector angle is the boom angle and the vector length is
the boom length. The origin of the vector in a range diagram is the axis of rotation at the
root of the boom (the center of the slewing gear).
We often use vectors to give directions. For example, on open rangeland we might tell
someone to drive southeast for five miles when they ask for the town of Deadwood.
A navigator in an airplane would interpret southeast as 135
0
from due north. He
would give the same directions as fly five miles on a heading of 135
0
.
Math at Work 2 - Granite Construction 31
The diagram below shows the range of boom angles and boom lengths that are possible
for the Grove TMS 300. Each combination of boom angle and boom length places the
boom tip sheave at a unique location in space. Note that the for any particular boom
length, the boom tip describes an arc from the lowest permissible boom angle to the
highest permissible angle.