Scribd
Upload
119 views

Earth

The document describes key concepts about the Earth's geography including longitude, latitude, location of places on Earth, great circles, and calculating distances between points on the Earth's surface. It provides examples of using latitude and longitude to specify locations and calculate distances along parallels, meridians, and between any two points using great circle distances. Formulas are given for distance calculations based on differences in latitude or longitude coordinates.

Uploaded by

Amilinda Amsar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
119 views

Earth

The document describes key concepts about the Earth's geography including longitude, latitude, location of places on Earth, great circles, and calculating distances between points on the Earth's surface. It provides examples of using latitude and longitude to specify locations and calculate distances along parallels, meridians, and between any two points using great circle distances. Formulas are given for distance calculations based on differences in latitude or longitude coordinates.

Uploaded by

Amilinda Amsar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

EARTH AS A SPHERE

1. LONGITUDE

Equator 0

Meridian/ longitude

S GREENWICH MERIDIAN = 0

1. LONGITUDE
E

40

S 40 E GREENWICH MERIDIAN = 0

180 West N

110 W

110
20

20 W

S GREENWICH MERIDIAN = 0

2. LATITUDE
E

69N
S

NORTH=90

37N
69
37 28 54

EQUATOR=0

28S
SOUTH=90
Handouts pg 3

54S

3. LOCATION OF A PLACE
P(69 N, 40 E )
N

N
P
69 N

69

40

GM 0
Handouts pg 5

40 E

3. LOCATION OF A PLACE
N
Q(54 S, 40 E )

54
40

(54 S )

GM 0

40 E

R(0, 110 W ) S(, )

R
110

110 W

20

20 W

GM 0

ANTI MERIDIAN
N

30 W
30 + 150 = 180

150 E

Anti meridian

N 135 W

45 E

P(60 N, 30 W ) and Q are two points on the earth where PQ is the diameter of the latitude of P and Q. The position of point Q is A. ( 60 N, 150 W) B. ( 60 N 150 E) C. (60 S, 150 E ) D. (60 S, 150 W )

P
30W
60 60

150E

J (30S, 80E) dan K are two points on the earth where JK is the diameter of the earth. The location of K is A. ( 30S, 100E) B. ( 30S, 80E) C. ( 30N, 100W ) D. ( 30N, 80W)
N

80 E

100 W

K
30 30

GREAT CIRCLE
A CIRCLE ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH WITH CENTRE OF THE EARTH EX: LONGITUDES AND EQUATOR N

GREAT CIRCLE: DISTANCE


1.AB lie on EQUATOR- Great Circle
N

Distance AB = X 60
Different = 50-20 = 30 AB = 30 X 60 = 1800 nm

50N 30N 20E


C

CD lie on GREAT CIRCLE Different = 50-30 = 20 AB = 20 X 60 = 1200 nm

50 E
Handouts page 2

DISTANCE TWO POINT ON THE SAME GREAT CIRCLE (EQUATOR) DIFFERENT OF LONGITUDE (1 2) x 60
( Same direction ) N

Distance AB
132 E

1= 132E
A B

(or W) (or W)

2= 25E

= 132 - 25 = 107 Distance AB = 107 X 60 = 6420 nm S

25 E

DISTANCE TWO POINT ON THE SAME GREAT CIRCLE (EQUATOR) DIFFERENT OF LONGITUDE (1 + 2) x 60
(Different direction) N 64 E

1= 64E 2= 43W
= 64 + 43 = 107 Distance CD = 107 X 60 = 6420 nm

43 W

DISTANCE TWO POINT ON THE SAME GREAT CIRCLE (MERIDIAN) DIFFERENT OF LATITUDE (1 2) x 60
N 64 N 15 N G F

1= 64N
0

(S) (S)

2= 15N

= 64 - 15 = 49 Distance FG = 49 X 60 = 2940 nm
S

DISTANCE TWO POINT ON THE SAME GREAT CIRCLE (MERIDIAN) DIFFERENT OF LATITUDE (1 + 2) x 60
N 47 N

1= 47N 2= 25S
= 47 + 25 = 72 Distance JK = 72 X 60 = 4320 nm

K 25 S S

DISTANCE TWO POINT ON THE SAME PARALLEL OF LATITUDE (MERIDIAN) (Small Circle) DIFFERENT OF LONGITUDE x 60 X COS LATITUDE
Distance MP Small Circle N 103 E P M 52 N

1= 103E 2= 35W
0
DIF. LG , = 103 + 35 = 138 Distance MP = 138 X 60 x Cos 52 = 5097.7 nm

35 W

SHORTEST DISTANCE TWO POINT ON THE SAME GREAT CIRCLE

= DIFFERENT OF LATITUDE , x 60
N T R 17 N 59 S

1= 56N, 2= 17N, 3= 59
I.DUE NORTH POLE = 180 - (56 + 17) = 72 Distance RT = 72 X 60 = 4320 nm

56 N

II.DUE SOUTH POLE


V S

= (180 - 59 ) + 56) = 177 Distance VT = 177 X 60 = 10620 nm

AVERAGE SPEED = TOTAL DISTANCE TIME OF FLIGHT EX: An aeroplane took off from K and flew due north to M and then due east to P. The aeroplane took 12 hours and 30 minutes for the whole flight. N 57 E P M 52 N 23 K 35 W a. Calculate the total distance of KM and MP

(23+ 52)x60 + (35+ 57)x60x cos 52

= 4500 + 3398.45
= 7898.45 nm b. Calculate the average speed , in knots, for the whole flight Time = 12 hrs 30 min = 12.5 hrs Average Speed, v = 7898.45 nm 12.5 hrs = 632 knots

P (0 ,75E), Q and R are three points on the surface of the earth. Q is due south of P and QR is the diameter of the parallel of latitude 20S. N a. Mark the position of P on the diagram above. b. State the longitude of R. c. Calculate the shortest distance, in nautical miles, from Q to R, measured along the surface of the earth. d. An aeroplane took off from P and flew due south to Q and then due west to R. The average speed of its flight is 560 a. P knots. Calculate, i. the total distance, in nm, travelled by the aeroplane Q ii. the total time, in hours, taken by aeroplane for the whole flight.

S
ANS: 1 b. 105W c. 8400 d. i. 11349 ii. 20.27 hours

You might also like