sseeXp _dmA:

{]]©\mY\mb AÃmlp a\pjycn NneÀ¡v aäpÅhsc¡mÄ t{ijvTX \ÂInbn«pv. AXpt]mse Nne

amk§sfbpw Øe§sfbpw Øm]\§sfbpw Zn\cm{X§sf bpw t{ijvTam¡nbncn¡p¶p. AÃmlp
{]tXyIambn am\n¨hsb BZcnt¡Xv kXyhnizmknbpsS IÀ¯hyas{X. A¯c¯nÂs¸« Hcp
]pWycmhmWv _dmA¯v cmhv F¶t]cn ]cs¡ Adnbs¸Sp¶Xpw BZcn¡s¸Sp¶Xpamb iA_m³
]Xn\©mw cmhv. sseeXp³ ap_mdI(A\p{KloX cm{Xn), sseeXp _dmAXv(tamN\ cm{Xn)
sseeXpÊz¡v (FÃm Imcy§fpw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ cm{Xn) sseeXpÂdlva (ImcpWyw hÀjn¡p¶ cm{Xn)
F¶n§s\ ]e t]cpIfnepw Cu ]pWycmhv Adnbs¸Sp¶p.
Hcp hn`mKw JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡Ä Bb¯pIfneqsSbpw \nch[n lZokpIfneqsS bpw Cu cmhnsâ
alXzw JWvUnXambn Øncs¸Sp¯nbn«pv. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""kXymkXy§sf hnthNn¨p hyàam¡p¶
{KÙw Xs¶bmWv kXyw. A\p{KloXamb Hcp cm{Xnbn XoÀ¨bmbpw \maXv AhXcn¸n¨p. \nÝbambpw
\mw ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂIns¡mncn¡p¶p. {]_eamb FÃm Imcy§fpw AXn (B cm{XnbnÂ)
thÀXncns¨gpXs¸Sp¶p'' (ZpJm³ 1þ4).

CIvcna(d) XpS§nb Hcp hn`mKw JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡fpsS A`n{]mbw taep²cn¨ Bb¯nÂ]dª

sseeXp³ ap_mdI sImpÅ Dt±iyw _dmAXv cmhv F¶s{X.
Camw alÃn(d) Xsâ X^vkodn ]dbp¶Xn§s\bmWv: ""AXv (sseeXp³ ap_mdI) sseeXp JZvdv
BWv. Aæn iA_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhmWv''(X^vkodp Pemsse\n 2/238) X^vkoÀ ss_fmhn,
dqlpÂ_bm³, A_pÊpDuZv, ep_m_p¯AvhoÂ, aZmcn¡p¯³ko XpS§nb X^vkodpIfnepw C§s\
c `n{]mbw tcJs¸Sp¯nbXmbn¡mWmw.
F¶m Xm_nCu§fnÂs]« {]apJcmb \mep ]WvVnX·mcnsemcmfpw C_v\p 'Aºmkv(d),
'A_vZpÃmln_v\p 'DaÀ(d) XpS§nb hnizhnÚm\nIfpsS injy\pw, C_vdmloap¶J'Cu(d) XpS§nb
ap¶qtdmfw {]KÛ ]WvVnX·mcpsS DkvXmZpamb CIvcna(d) hyàam¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv.
JpÀB\ns\ kw_Ôn¨p Rm³ ]dbp¶Xv apgph\pw C_v\p'Aºmkv(d)hn \n¶pw ]Tn¨XmWv (AÂ
CXvJm³ 2/189).
B \ne¡v dafzm\nse sseeXpÂJZvdn JpÀB³ Cd¡n F¶p ]dbp¶Xnsâ hnh£ B ]pWycm{XnbnÂ
`qanbnte¡v JpÀBsâ AhXcWw Bcw`n¨p F¶pw _dmAXv cmhn AXv Cd¡n F¶p ]dbp¶Xnsâ
AÀYw aqe{KÙamb eulp alv^qfzn \n¶v H¶mw BImi¯nte¡nd¡n F¶pw hymJym\n¡mw.
A§s\bmbm CIvcna (d)bpw Hcp hn`mKw ap^Ênco§fpw ]dªXv JpÀB\n\v hncp²WmhpIbnÃ.
A\p{KloX cm{Xnbn JpÀB³ AhXcn¸n¨p F¶Xn\v euln alv^qfzn \n¶pw H¶mw
BImi¯nte¡v AhXcn¸n¨psh¶mWv hnh£nt¡sX¶v hymJymXm¡Ä hyàaam¡nbn«papv.

F¶m sseeXp³ ap_mdI F¶Xv sImpÅ Dt±iyw sseeXpÂJzZvÀ BWv F¶v kaÀYn¨hcpw _dmAXv
cmhn\v ]pWyw I¸n¡p¶hÀ Xs¶bmWv. Cu Bb¯n ]dª cm{Xnsb¡pdn¨p am{Xta
A`n{]mb`n¶XbpÅq. Camw C_v\p lmPv(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: ""BIbm Cu cm{Xn sseeXpÂJzZvdv
Asæn¡qSn AXn\v al¯mb t{ijvTXbpw h®amb \·bpapv. ap³KmanIÄ Cu cm{Xnsb
BZcn¡pIbpw AXns\ kzmKXw sN¿m³ X¿msdSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p (AÂ aZvJÂ, t]Pv 146).
lZokn hyàam¡nbt]mse i'A_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhn ^ÀJzv (thÀXncns¨gp¯v) \S¡psa¶XnÂ
kwib¯n\hImianà (anÀJzmXv, 2/176).

_dIXm¡s¸« cmhv F¶mWtÃm Cu cmhns\¡pdn¨p Bb¯n ]dbp¶Xv. A`nhr²n, hfÀ¨, A\pKrlw

Fs¶ÃmamWv _dIXv F¶ ]Z¯n\ÀYw. Cu cmhn Ht«sd \·IÄ hÀ[n¸n¡s¸Spsa¶pw A\pKrl§Ä
hÀjn¡s¸Spsa¶pw ]e lZokpIfpw hyàam¡p¶pv. kwkw shÅw Cu cm{Xnbn hyàamw hn[w
hÀ[n¡psa¶v Nne X^vkodpIfn ImWp¶p. dkqÂ(kz)¡v i^m'A¯n\pÅ A[nImcw ]qÀWambpw
e`n¨Xv Cu cm{XnbnemWs{X. AXmbXv \_n(kz) i'A_m³ ]Xnaq¶mw cmhn AhnSps¯ D½¯n\v
in]mÀi sN¿m\pÅ AhImiw e`n¡m\mbn AÃmlphnt\mSv {]m ÀYn¨p. B cmhn AhnSpt¯¡v
in]mÀibpsS aq¶nsem¶n\pÅ A[nImchpw ]Xn\memhmw cmhn aq¶n cn\pÅ A[nImchpw
]Xn\©mw cmhn apgph³ D½¯n\pw in]mÀi sN¿m\pÅ ]qÀWm[nImchpw \ÂIs¸«p' (X^vkoÀ dmkn
27/238, KdmC_p JzpÀB³ 25/65, IÈm^v 3/86, dqlpÂ_bm³ 8/404).

Cu cm{Xnbn At\Iw t]À¡v ]m]tamN\w \ÂIs¸Spsa¶v lZokpIfn hyàam¡s¸«n«pv.

CXnÂ\ns¶Ãmw sseeXpÂap_mdI F¶ cm{Xnsb hntijn¸n¨XnepÅ HuNnXyw hyàamWv. "B
cm{Xnbn {][m\amb FÃm Imcy§fpw hnhcns¨gpXs¸Sp¶XmWv'. {]]©¯nse kÀÆ NcmNc§fpsSbpw
Hcp hÀjt¯¡pÅ ØnXnhnhc¡W¡pIÄ A¶v X¿mdm¡p¶psh¶ÀYw.
dafzm\nse sseeXpÂJzZvdn BWtÃm Hcp hÀjs¯ ØnXnhnhc¡W¡pIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶Xv F¶
kwibw ChnsS kzm`mhnIambpw DÛhnt¨¡mw. CXn\v hyàamb adp]Snbpv. sseeXpÂJzZvdn AXXv
Imcy§sf Ah \nÀhln¡p¶Xn\v NpaXes¸Sp¯nb aeIpIsf G¸n¡Â am{XamWv sN¿pI. Ah
hniZambn tcJs¸Sp¯emIs« _dmA¯v cmhnepw. cv cmhpIfnepw XJzvZoÀ(hn[n\nÀWbw) \S¡p¶p F¶
sshcp²y¯n\v JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡fn kap¶X\mb C_v\p'Aºmkv(d) XpS§nb ]Wv
VnXt{ijvTcpsS hniZoIcWamWv apIfn ]dªXv. C_v\p'Aºmkv(d)hn \n¶v dnt¸mÀ«p sN¿p¶p

""i'A_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhn AÃmlp Imcy§Ä hn[n¡pIpw dafzm\nse sseeXpÂJzZvdn Ah

\nÀhltWmZymKØcmb aeIpIsf G¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p'' (Pa 4/189). X^vkoÀ JzpÀXzp_nbnÂ
]dbs¸« asämcp A`n{]mbw C{]ImcamWv.
""FÃm Imcy§fpw hyàambn tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ eulp alv^qfn \n¶v, sseeXpÂ
_dmA¯nsâb¶v B sImïn \S¡m\ncn¡p¶ Imcy§fpsS ]IÀ¸v FSp¡Â Bcw`n¡pIbpw
sseeXpÂJzZvdn ]IÀ¯nsbSp¡Â Ahkm\n¡p¶XpamWv. A\´cw Blmc§Ä {]Xn]mZn¡s¸«
]IÀ¸v, aoImCuÂ(A)s\bpw B]¯v, acWw BZnhbpsS ]IÀ¸v 'AkvdmCuÂ(A)s\bpw A{]Imcw
Hmtcm Imcy§fpw AXXn\v {]tXyIw \nÝbn¡s¸« aeIpIsfbpw G¸n¡p¶XpamWv.

ssee¯p _dmA: XmXznI hniIe\w

bpKm´c§fmbn CkvemanI kaqlw {]m[m\yw IÂ]n¨p hcp¶ Hcp kp{][m\ cmh s{X sseeXpÂ
_dmA. Cu cm{Xnsb¡pdn¨v JqÀB³, lZokv {]mamW§fn Xs¶ ] cmaÀiw ImWmhp¶XmWv. kqd
A±qJm\n ]cmaÀin¡s¸« cmhv sseeXp _dmA AYhm iAv_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhmsW¶mWv ]e
JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡fpw ho£n ¨n«pÅXv. {]kvXpX cmhnsâ {]kàn B cmhn kÀh Imcy§fpw
thÀXncns¨gpXs¸Sp¶p F¶XmsW¶v JqÀB³ ]dªncn¡p¶Xv {]kvXmhyamWv. a\pjyPohnX¯nsâ
\nJnetaJeIÄ hym]n¨ncn¡p¶ AhØmamä§Ä, ]cnWma§Ä FÃmw Xs¶ Cu sbmcp cmhnsâ
hyàamb \nÀWb¯n \mY³ Hcp¡nbncn¡p¶psh¶XmWv hkvXpX. F¦n ]ns¶ {]kvXpX cmhv
F{Xam{Xw {]kvXmhyamsW¶v Duln¡mhp¶XmWtÃm.

Cu cmhnsâ asämcp khntijXbmbn JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv {]kvXpX cmhn JpÀB³ AhXcWw

\mY³ \S¯nbncn¡p¶p F¶XmWv. F¶m JpÀB³ AhXcWw sseeXpÂJZvdn BWv \S¶sX¶
JpÀB\nsâ Xs¶ asämcp {]Jym]\s¯ ChnsS ]WvVnXÀ hymJym\¯n\v hnt[bam¡nbXv ImWmw.
AXmbXv, sseeXp _dmAbn JpÀB³ eulp alv^qfv F¶ kwc£nX ^eI¯n \n¶pw {]Ya
hm\temIt¯ ¡v AhXcn¨psh¶XmWs{X ChnsS hnh£n¡s¸Sp¶Xv. JpÀB³ Cu cmhns\ ]än
hntijn¸n¡m³ D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶ ]Zw sseXp³ap_mdI F¶mWv. CXnsâ XmÂ] cyw _dIXm¡s¸«
]pWy]qcnXcmhv F¶s{X. A`nhr²n, A\p{Klw XpS§nb XmÂ]cy§Ä \ÂImhp¶ Cu ]Z{]tbmKw
JpÀB³ XncsªSp¯ncn¡p¶Xv Xs¶ Gsd {it²bamWv.

AXpsImv Cu cmhv apkvenwIÄ¡v {][m\amsW¶v \ap¡v ]dbmw. ]WvVnXÀ ]Tn¸n¨X\pkrXw Cu

iA_m³ ]IpXnbnse cmhn\v sseeXpÊz¡v, sseeXpdlva F¶o \ma§fpw ImWmhp¶XmWv. CXnsâ
XmÂ]cyw bYm{Iaw kÀhImcy§fpw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ cmhv, ImcpWyhÀjw khntijamb cm{Xn
F¶n§s\bmWv. F¦n Cu \maIcW§Ä Xs¶ Cu cmhnsâ Øm\almßys¯ \pap¡v ap¼nÂ
IpSqXÂ {]ISo`hn¸n¡p¶p.

]WvVnXÀ Cu cmhnsâ alXzkw_Ônbmbn Gsd Imcy§Ä ]dªXmbn ImWmw. AXn {][m\amb

H¶s{X \_n(kz)bpsS in]mÀim[nImcw. AXmbXv Cu cmhnemWv dkqen\v Xsâ kapZmb¯n¶pthn
in]mÀi sN¿m\pÅ k¼qÀWm[nImcw AÃmlp k½m\n¨ncn¡p¶Xs{X. X^vkoÀ dmknbS¡apÅ
{KÙ§fn Cu hnjbw ]dªXv ImWmhp¶XmWv. Cu hkvXpX {]hmNI hyànXzs¯
{][m\]qÀWam¡n¯oÀ¡p¶p. \_n(kz)bpsS Bßob hyànXzs¯ AÃmlp DbÀ¯m³ Xocpam\n¨
cmhv F¶ AÀ Y¯n AXpsImp Xs¶ hnizmknIÄ¡v Cu cmhv F{Xtbm BZchpäXmbnamdp¶p.

sseeXp _dmA: F§s\ BNcn¡Ww

iA_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhv Hcp ]pWycmhv Xs¶bmsW¶v "sseeXp _dmA¯v', "sseeXp _dmAXv
lZokpIfnÂ' F¶o teJ\§fn ]cmaÀin¨ {]amW§fnen \n¶v kµÀiIÀ¡v
t_m[yambn¡gnªncn¡pw. {]kvXpX cm{Xnbn AÃmlphn \n ¶v {]tXyIambn ]m]tamN\hpw
IcpWbpw {]mÀY\¡p¯chpw e`n¡psa¶v kzoImcytbmKyamb lZokpIfn \n¶pw icn¡pw
{Kln¨XpsImpXs¶bmWv JmenZp_v\p aAvZm³,. aIvlqÂ, epJzvam\p_v\p 'BanÀ XpS§nb
]WvVnX·mÀ B cm{Xnbn Bcm[\Ifn IqSpX hym]rXcmbXv. imapImcmb Xm_nCu§fnÂ
s]«hcmbncp¶p ChscÃmw. B cm{Xnsb ]pWyIÀ½§fn apgp¡n kPohamt¡ coXnsb kw_Ôn¨p
AXv ]ÅnbnÂsh¨p Pam'A¯mbn \nÀhln¡Â kp¶¯msW¶mWv {]kvXpX alm·mcn Hcp
hn`mK¯nsâ A`n{]mbw. CkvlmJzp_v\p dmlsshln(d) Cu A`n{]mbt¯mSv tbmPn¡pIbpw A§s\
sN¿p¶Xv A\mNmcasöv {]kvXmhn¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. ]ÅnbnÂsh¨v _dmA¯v cmhv Iq«mbn
BNcn¡Â Idml¯msW¶v ]dbp¶ Hcp hn`mKhpapv. hyànIÄ, Hmtcmcp¯cmbn AXv
\nÀhln¡Wsa¶mWv AhÀ ]dbp¶Xv. kndnbbnse Gähpw henb ]WvVnX\pw ^Jzolpamb Camw
Hukm'C Cu A`n{]mbamWv kzoIcn¨Xv. ssiJv C_v\pdP_v(d) ]dbp¶Xpw Gähpw A\ptbmPyambXv
C§s\bmsW¶mWv(kpÀJzm\n).

Camw C_v\pamP(d) aÀ^q'Bbn Aen(d)hn \n¶v D²cn¨ Hcp lZokn \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p:
"i'A_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhn \n§Ä \nkvIcn¡pIbpw AXnsâ ]Ien t\m ¼\pjvTn¡pIbpw
sN¿pho³. \nÝbw AÃmlp B cm{Xnbn ASp¯ BImi¯n kqcymkvXabw apXÂ
Cd§n\n¡pw(AÃmlphnsâ hnimeamb IcpWmISm£w {]Xy£s¸Spsa¶mWv CXn\ÀYw) F¶n«v
am¸t]£n¡p¶hcptm Rm³ s]mdp¯pXcmw, Blmcw tXSp¶hcptm Rm³ Blmcw \ÂImw,
BtcmKyw Bhiys¸Sp¶hcptm, Rm³ BtcmKyw \ÂImw, C¶h\ptm C¶h\ptm F¶n§s\ {]`mXw
hsc hnfn¨p tNmZn¡pw'. F¶m Cu lZokv _elo\amWv.
]t£, CXnsâ \nthZI ]c¼cbn hymPw ]dbp¶hcmcpanÃ. CXnsâ ASnØm\w
Øncs¸Sp¯p¶Xmbn aäp ]e sXfnhpIfpapvXm\pw F¶mWv Camw kpÀJzm\n(d) hy
àam¡nbncn¡p¶Xv(kpÀJzm\n 7/412). _elo\amb lZokpIÄ kzoIcn¡mtam? CamapIÄ
C¡mcy¯n F´p]dbp¶p F¶p t\m¡mw. k¡À½§fnte¡v Bi sh¸n¡m\pw
ZpjvIÀ½§sf¡pdn¨v `bs¸Sp¯m\pw hymP\nÀanXaÃm¯ lZokpIÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv
A\phZ\obhpw kp¶¯pamsW¶v lZokv hymJymXm¡fpw IÀaimkv{X]Sp¡fpw aäpamb
]WvVnX·mÀ {]kvXmhn¨n«pÅXv. {][m\s¸« ^nJzvlv {KÙ§fnepw C¡mcyw FSp¯p]dªn«pv.

]pWyIÀ½§fnÂ, {]_eaÃm¯ lZokpw kzoImcyamsW¶v ]WvVnX·mcpsS GIIWvTamb

A`n{]mbapv (anÀJzmXv 2/472). CsXm¶pw {Kln¡msXbmWv NneÀ Cu lZokv f'Cu^msW¶v
tIÄ¡pt¼mtg¡pw AXn\pt\sc N{µlmkanf¡p¶Xv. CXv hnhct¡Ssæn X\n [n¡mcamWv.
_elo\amb lZokpIsf kw_Ôn¨mWv Cu ]dªn«pÅXv. hymP\nÀanXamb lZokpIÄ XnI¨pw
hÀPn¡s¸tSXmWv. A{]Imcw Xs¶ taep²cn¨hbn \n¶pw hyàambXv t]mse A[nIw ZpÀ_eamb
lZokpw (ASnØm\w Øncs¸Sp¯p¶ aäp sXfnhpIfnÃm¯ lZokpIÄ) Dt]£nt¡XmWv. idlpÂ
'AZvImdnepw aäpw Cu Imcyw hniZam¡nbn«pv.
]pWyIÀ½§fpsS hnjb¯n f'Cu^mb lZokpIÄ kzoIcn¨p {]hÀ¯n¡Â kp¶¯msW¶v
]WvVnXt{ijvT\mb Camw \hhn(d) Xsâ AZvImdn tcJs¸Sp¯nbXv \mw Ip. Cu \nebnÂ
AXns\¡mÄ DbÀ¶ Øm\¯p \n¡p¶Xpw FÃmhcmepw AwKoIcn¡s¸«Xpamb lZokpIfCeqsS
i'A_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhnsâ t{I jvTX sXfnªncns¡ AXns\ NneÀ XÅn¸dbp¶Xv APvRX sIm-
mWv.

sseeXp _dmA: lZokpIfnÂ

Cu hnjbIambn dnt¸mÀ«psN¿s¸« lZokpIfnte¡v It®mSn¡mw: \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p: iA_m³

]IpXnbpsS cm{Xnbn AÃmlp Ahsâ IcpWmhntijw sImv shfnhmIbpw Ahsâ krjvSnIfnÂ
_lpssZhhnizmknIfpw i{XpXm at\m`mhapÅhcpaÃm¯ FÃmhÀ¡pw ]m]tamN\w \ÂIpIbpw
sN¿pw'. aäp Nne \nthZ\§fn tPymÕy\pw amcW¡mc\pw aZy]m\n¡pw amXm]nXm¡sf
shdp¸n¡p¶h\pw \nXyhy`nNmcn¡pw HgnsI F¶pw h¶n«pv.
Cu lZokv aq'AmZv(d) aptJ\ C_v\plnºm³, Xz_vdm\n, ss_lJzn(d.lpw) F¶nhcpw
A_qapkÂAiv'Acn(d)hneqsS C_v\pamP(d)bpw A_q_IvÀ(d)hgn _ÊmÀ, ss_l Jzn(d.lpw)
F¶nhcpw dnt¸mÀ«p sNbvXncn¡p¶p. Cu lZokv kzlolmsW¶v C_v\plnºm³(d)hpw lkm\msW¶v
'AÃmam kpÀJzm\nbpw ]dªn«pv. AÂlm^nfp ap³Zncn(d) ]dbp¶Xv CXnsâ k\Zn\v
(\nthZI]c¼c) bmsXmcp tZmjhpanà F¶mWv.

BCi(d) ]dbp¶p: \_n(kz) Hcp cm{Xnbn Fgpt¶äp \nkvIcn¨p. hfsc ZoÀLamb kpPqZmbncp¶p
AhnSp¶v sNbvXXv. \_n(kz) h^m¯mbnt¸mbncn¡ptam Ft¶mÀ¯v Rm³ ASp¯psN¶p. AhnSp¶v
kpPqZn \n¶v Xe DbÀ¯pIbpw \nkvImcw Ahkm\n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX tijw Ft¶mSv tNmZn¨p:
"BCim! \_n \ns¶ h©n¨p F¶v \o hnNmcn¨pthm' Rm³ ]dªp: AÃmlphnsâ XncpZqXtc,
AÃmlphmsW, Rm\§s\ hnNmcn¨n«nÃ. ]t£, A§bpsS kpPqZnsâ ssZÀLyw ImcWw AhnSp¶v
h^m¯mbnt¸mbncn¡ptam F¶v Rm³ Duln¡pIbpmbn'.
AhnSp¶v tNmZn¨p: "Cu cmhv F{X alXzapÅXmsW¶v \n\¡dnbmtam?' Rm³ ]d ªp: "AÃmlphn\pw
Ahsâ XncpZqXÀ¡pw IqSpXembdnbmw'. At¸mÄ \_n(kz) ]dªp: "CXv i'A_m³ ]Xn\©mw
cmhmWv. \nÝbw Cu cmhn AÃmlp Ahsâ ASnaIfn IcpWmISm£w sImv {]Xy£s¸SpIbpw
A\´cw ]m]tamN\¯n\ÀYn¡p¶hÀ¡v tamN\w \ÂIpIbpw IcpWmÀYnIÄ¡v IcpW sN¿pIbpw
a\kn i{XpXsh¨p \S¡p¶hsc AtX \nebn¯s¶ hn«pIfbpIbpw sN¿pw (AhÀ ]ÝmX]n¨p
aS§p¶Xphsc s]mdp¡pIbnà F¶p kmcw) (ss_lJzn, 'AemC_p\p lmcnkv)

Cu lZoknsâ k\Zn¡mWp¶ AÂ'AemAv(d), BCim(d)hn \n¶v Cu lZokv tI«n«nÃ. ]t£,

At±lw kXyhm\pw ]bWvVnX\pamWv. Camw apkvenw(d)hpw \mev kp\\pIfpsS IÀ¯m¡fmb
A_qZmhqZv(d), XnÀapZn(d), \kmC(d), C_v\pamP(d) F¶nhcpw At±l¯nsâ lZokv kzoIcn¨n«pv.
AXpsImmWv Camw ss_lJzn(d) Cu lZokns\¡pdn¨v kzoImcytbmKyamb apÀk AYhm
ap³JXzn'Av (HcmÄ hn«pt]mb \nthZI]c¼c) BsW¶v {]kvXmhn¨Xv.
AemAv aIvlq (d) \n¶v tI«Xmhm\pw km[yXbps¶v ss_lJzn(d) ]dbp¶p (kpÀJzm\n 7/411).
A§s\bmIpt¼mÄ Cu lZokv ap¯kznepÊ\Zpw (]qÀW \nthZI ]c¼c)
kwib¯n\hImianÃm¯Xpambn¯ocp¶p.

BCi(d) ]dbp¶p: "Hcp cm{Xnbn \_n(kz)sb Rm³ i¿bn InÃ. At¸mÄ \_nsb At\zjn¨p
Rm³ ]pds¸«p. angnIÄ BImit¯¡pbÀ¯nbXmbn aZo\bnse Jz_ÀØm\mb _Jzo'C \_n(kz)
\n¡p¶XmWv F\n¡v ImWm³ IgnªXv. "B Cim, AÃmlphpw Ahsâ dkqepw \nt¶mSv \oXntISv
sN¿psa¶v \o `bs¸Sp¶pthm' \_n(kz) tNmZn¨p. Rm³ {]XnhNn¨p. 'AÃmlphnsâ dkqte,
atäsX¦nepw `mcyamcp sS ASpt¯¡v A§v t]mbncn¡psa¶v Rm³ hnNmcn¨p. At¸mÄ \_n(kz)
C{]Imcw ]dªp: "XoÀ¨bmbpw i'A_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhn AÃmlp (Ahsâ IcpWm[n tcI¯mÂ)
H¶mw BImi¯nte¡nd§pw. F¶n«v IÂ_v tKm{X¡mcpsS B«n³]ä¯nsâ tcma§fpsS
F®s¯¡mÄ IqSpX ]m]§Ä s]mdp¯psImSp¡pw (A¡me¯v Gähpw IqSpX BSpIÄ D-
mbncp¶Xv AhÀ¡mbncp¶p). i'A_m³ ]Xn\©mw cm{Xnbmbncp¶p Cu kw`hsa¶pw A¶v Xsâ
Dug¯nÂs]« cm{Xnbmbncp¶psh¶pw B'Ci(d) {]kvXmhn¨Xmbn AlvaZv C_v\p A_ossi_,
XnÀapZn, C_v\pamP, ss_lJn, lÖmPp_v\p AÀXz, blvb_v\p A_oIkoÀ hgn DÀh(d) hgn
BCi(d)bn \n¶v ss_lJnbpw ZmdJzpXzv\nbpw D²cn¨ Hcp lZokn h¶n«pv.
C\n Cu lZoknsâ k\Zns\¸än ]cntim[n¡mw. \mw ChnsS D²cn¨ \nthZI ]c¼c ¡v ]pdsa thsd
aq¶v hgnIfn¡qSnbpw Cu lZokv \nthZ\w sN¿s¸«Xmbn AÂlm^nfvz ssk\p±o³ CdmJzn(d)
hyàam¡nbn«pv. Ah H¶v asäm¶ns\ iàns¸Sp¯p¶ hn[¯nemWpXm\pw. BIbm Cu lZokv
lk\p enssKzcnln(asäm¶nsâ ]n³_et¯msS kzlolnsâ ASp¯]Sn) F¶ Un{Kn
{]m]n¨ncn¡p¶p (kpÀJzm\n 7/412).

Cu hnjbIambnh¶ lZokpIfn Gähpw kzoImcyambXv Cu lZokmsW¶v Camw C_v\pdP_v(d)

]dªXmbn Camw kpÀJzm\n(d) {]tXyIw FSp¯p ]dªn«pv. H¶maXmbn ]dª lZokpw A§s\
Xs¶.
kwibclnXhpw \nthZI]c¼c (Ckv\mZv)¡v bmsXmcp ZqjyhpanÃm¯Xpw lk\p enssKzcnln F¶
Øm\¯v \nesImÅp¶Xpamb lZokpIfmWv taep²cn¨hsbÃmw. \nthZI ]c¼csb¡pdn¨v C{Xbpw
hniZambn {]kvXmhn¨Xv Nne Zo\nhncp² {]NmcIÀ Cu hnjbs¯¡pdn¨p h¶ lZokpIÄ
AkzoImcysa¶pw \nthZI]c¼c A{]kàamsW¶pw, {]kwK§fneqsSbpw
{]kn²oIcW§fneqsSbpw P\§fn Bib¡pg¸§fpm¡m\pw Cu ]pWycmhnsâ alXz¯n\v If¦w
NmÀ¯m\pw ]cn{ian¨psImncn¡p¶Xn\memWv. {]kvXpX hnjbs¯ {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ lZokpIÄ
thsdbpw [m cmfapv. ssZÀLyw `b¶v Ah apgph\pw ChnsS D²cn¡p¶nÃ. aq¶maXmbn ]dª
lZokpam{Xw CÆnjbIambn aXnbmb sXfnhmWv. F´psIms¶m lk\p enssKzcnln F¶
Øm\apÅ lZokmWXv. A¯cw lZokpIÄ AlvIman (aX\nba§fn XoÀ¸pI¸n¡mhp¶XnÂ)
tcJbmbn kzoIcn¡msa¶ hkvXpX XÀ¡aäXmWtÃm.

ssiJv A_vZpÂlJp±lvehn ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: ""kzlolmb lZokv AlvImapIÄ ¡v sXfnhmbn

FSp¡msa¶v CPvam'Av Dv. AXpt]mse hnhn[ \nthZI ]c¼cIfneqsS lk\p enssKzcnln F¶
]Zhn e`n¨ lZokpw sXfnhmsW¶pÅXv CPvam'Av BWv. _elo\amb lZokv ]pWyIÀ½§fnÂ
am{Xta kzoIcn¡s¸SpIbpÅq F¶v {]kn²ambXv sImpÅ hnh£ Ahsb Hmtcm¶mbn FSp¡pt¼mÄ
F¶mWv. FÃmw H¶mbn FSp¡pt¼mÄ F¶Ã. F´psIms¶m AXv lk\n {]thin¨XmWv.
_elo\ambXnÂs¸«XÃ. \½psS CamapIÄ hyàam¡nbn«pÅXv C{]ImcamWv (AÂapJz±na, t]Pv 6).

sseeXp _dmA: ]WvVnX·mÀ F´p]dbp¶p?

Camw im^n'Cu(d) Xsâ kp{]kn²amb D½v F¶ {KÙw H¶mw hmfyw 204þmw t]Pn ]dbp¶p:
""shÅnbmgvN cmhv, henb s]cp¶mÄ cmhv, sNdnb s]cp¶mÄ cmhv, dP_v H¶mw cmhv, i'A_m³
]Xn\©mw cmhv F¶o A©p cmhpIfn {]mÀY\IÄ¡v {]tXyIw D¯cw e`n¡pw''.

AÃmam C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p: ""Cu cmhn\v(_dmAXv cmhv) al¯mb t{ijvTXbps¶Xv XoÀ¨bmWv.

AXpsImmWv B cm{Xn {]mÀY\¡v D¯cw e`n¡psa¶v Camwim^n'Cu(d) {]kvXmhn¨n«pÅXv. _dmAXv
cmhnsâ t{ijvTXsb AwKoIcn¡pIbpw Øncs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶tXmsSm¸w B cm{Xnbnse
{]tXyI \nkvImcs¯¸än At±l¯n\v A`n{]mb `n¶Xbpv. B \nkvImcw ZpcmNmc amsW¶mWv
At±l¯nsâ A`n{]mbw' (^Xmh Ip_vd 2/80). Cu \nkvImcs¯¸än Camw KÊmen(d) Xsâ Clvbm
'Deqan±o\n hnhcn¨n«pÅXv C§s\bmWv: ""B cm{Xnbn Cucp dIv'A¯mbn \qdp dIv'AXv
\nkvIcn¡pI. Hmtcm dIv'A¯nepw ^mXnl¡ptijw ]Xns\m¶p {]mhiyw kqdx CJvemkzv HmXpI.
C\n HcmÄ ]¯p dIvAXv \nkvIcn¡pIbpw Hmtcm dIv'A¯n epw kqdx CJvemkzv \qdph«w HmXpIbpw
sNbvXm AXn\pw hntcm[anÃ' (Clvb, 1/209).

Cu \nkvImcs¯¡pdn¨pÅ lZokv _mXznemsW¶v ssk\p CdmJzn(d) Xsâ XJvcoPp Clvbm

(t]Pv 210) bn {]kvXmhn¨ncn¡p¶p. F¶m CXn\v thsdbpw \nthZI ]c¼cIÄ Ds¶pw Ahsb
H¶mbn hnebncp¯n Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ ]pWyIÀ½§fn kzoImcyambn FSp¡¯¡\nebn CXv
iànbmÀPn¨n«p s¶pamWv asämcp hn`mKw ]WvVnX·mÀ ]dbp¶Xv.

iA_m³ ]Xn\©mw cmhns\ ]pWyIÀ½§fm lbm¯m¡p¶Xn hnhn[ \nthZI ]c¼cIfnÂ

h¶n«pÅ lZokpIÄ \nch[nbpv' (CXvlm^pÊmZm¯v 3/325).
C{Xbpw {]Xn]mZn¨Xn \n¶pw _dmAXv cmhnsâ alXzs¯¸än ]WvVnXtemI¯n\v GIIWvTamb
A`n{]mbamWpÅsX¶pw hà A`n{]mb`n¶Xbpaps¦n AXv B cm {Xnbnse {]tXyI F®¯nepw
{Ia¯nepapÅ \nkvImcs¯¡pdn¨v am{XamsW¶pw hyàambn. DÂIrjvS kab¯v sN¿s¸Sp¶
k¡À½§Ä¡v IqSpX {]Xn^ew e`n¡psa¶Xv XÀ¡aä hkvXpXbmWv. BIbm _dmA¯v
cmhn ]pWyIÀ½§Ä hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw B cm{Xnsb kPoham¡pIbpw sNt¿Xnsâ A\nhmcyX \mw
a\Ênem¡n {]hÀ¯nt¡XpamWv.