TEPCO

GULF TEPCO
Short circuit currents
and Circuit breakers
selection
TEPCO
Short Circuit Currents and Circuit Breaker
Selection
Part One: Short circuit and power system design
Part Two: Short circuit study (calculation)
Part Three: Selection of circuit breakers
TEPCO
Part One: Short circuit and
power system design
Goals of power system design
Ensure safety by
Managing electrical hazards (electrocution, fire ,)
Network protection against up normal condition
(over load, short circuit, arcing faults,)
Optimum selection of system components
Reduce cost by
Reducing system down time
TEPCO
Part One: Short circuit and
power system design
Wrong operation or connection
Short Circuit Definition
Cause of Short Circuit
Insulation failure (mechanical stress, heat, fire ,)
TEPCO
Part One: Short circuit and
power system design
Short circuit level affects
Prevention of electric shock hazards
Amount of damage to cable insulation
Circuit interruption success
TEPCO
Part One: Short circuit and
power system design
Prevention of electric shock hazards

110V
~
L
o
a
d

CB
Line
Neutral
PE
220V
TEPCO
Part One: Short circuit and
power system design
Circuit interruption success
Never exceed circuit breaker interrupting capacity
TEPCO
Part Two: Short circuit study
Short circuit
Main Studies in Power System
Load flow (Connected, demand loads, sizing cables and CB)
Performing short circuit study
Short circuit limitation, development and types
IEC Standards for short circuit calculation
TEPCO
Part Two: Short circuit study
Short circuit limitation
Short circuit current is limited by supply and circuit
impedance only
circuit supply
supply
Z Z
V
I
sc
+
=
Short circuit development
50kA
93kA
TEPCO
Part Two: Short circuit study
Short circuit types
3-phase to ground fault
Phase to phase fault
Single line to ground fault Double line to ground fault
a
b
c
n
b
c
n
a
a
b
c
n
a
b
c
n
TEPCO
Part Two: Short circuit study
IEC60865 Calculation of its effects
IEC Standards for short circuit calculation
IEC Organization
Regional Committees (SASO in Saudi Arabia)
Technical Committees (Transformers, Cables, )
IEC technical committee 73 publications
IEC60909 Calculation of short circuit currents.
TEPCO
Part Two: Short circuit study
Performing short circuit study to IEC60909
Network elements
Impact of induction motors on short circuit
Input/Output of the study
Software calculation (NetPlan)
TEPCO
Performing short circuit study
Network elements
Transformers
MV network grid
Impedance given in MVA
For 13.8kV network impedance (available short circuit) 500MVA
Impedance given in per unit system (p.u.) 1p.u.100%
For 500KVA trafo , 0.04p.u. 4%
For 1600KVA & 1000KVA trafo , 0.06p.u. 6%
For 2000KVA trafo , 0.08p.u. 8%
kA
KVA
Isc 39 06 . 0 /
400 3
1600
~ |
.
|

\
|

=
kA
kV
MVA
Isc 21
8 . 13 3
500
~

=
TEPCO
Performing short circuit study
Network elements
Cables & Busways
Effect of supply voltage
Impedance given in milliohm
Max short circuit at min temperature
Min short circuit at max temperature

A
A
V
Isc
) / (
Voltage regulation affect short circuit level
Max short circuit occur at max supply voltage (1.05Ur)
Min short circuit occur at min supply voltage (0.95Ur)
TEPCO
Performing short circuit study
Impact of induction motors on short circuit
Motor impact
depends on its
size only
Network elements
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Performing short circuit study
Software calculation (Moeller NetPlan)
Input/Output of Study
Input: Network elements & connection between them
Output: Max/Min short circuit at each busbar
& through each cable
Easy to use and learn
Short circuit calculation according to IEC60909
Editable network elements master database
TEPCO
Network element dimensioning according to IEC60364
Performing short circuit study
Short Circuit on main busbar Max Short Circuit on each bus
Performing short circuit study
Short Circuit on main busbar Max Short Circuit on each bus
Part Three: Determination of breakers
interrupting capacity
TEPCO
IEC Standards for circuit breakers
Circuit interruption
Arcs
Circuit breaker operation
Effect of short circuit current
Circuit breaker types
Circuit interruption
Arcs
TEPCO
How much voltage appear on an Arc ?
Arc voltage depend on two main factors
1) Arc length (20V/cm)
2) No. of segments in the arc (40V each)
10cm
V(arc)=40+20x10=240V
V(arc)=2x40+20x10=280V
Circuit interruption
Circuit breaker operation
dt
dI
L V V
arc s
+ =
TEPCO
~
L
o
a
d

L CB
Vs
+
-
+ V
arc
- + V
L
-
arc s
V V
dt
dI
L =
Vs
V
arc

I
limited

I
procpective

Current limiting
is now common
up to 630A
Circuit interruption
Circuit breaker types
TEPCO
Effect of short circuit current
Repulsion force between contacts
Very rapid temperature rise
MCB MCCB
NZM & PMC 1, 2, 3, 4
I
r
= 20 ... 1600 A
ACB (ICCB)
IEC Standards for circuit breakers
Circuit breaker for industrial areas
IEC60947-3
TEPCO
Rated voltage
Definition of breaking capacity
Dramatic effect for current limiting circuit breaker
Non current limiting breakers also suffer from increased
arc dissipation
Rated voltage is the phase to phase voltage
Conclusions
TEPCO
Never exceed breaker interrupting capacity
As a quick rule for interrupting capacity
For 1000KVA select at least 36kA CB
For 1600KVA select at least 50kA CB
Due to
Motors
Interrupting capacity depend on system
voltage and earthing
The End
Thanks for listening