CHINMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KANNUR ON

OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE Presente d by THUSHAR AK P

1st Semester MCA
SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SEMINAR REPORT

CHINMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KANNUR
SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

DECLARATION
I Thushara K P, first Semester MCA, student of Chinmaya Institute of Technology, do hereby declare that the Seminar Report entitled OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE is the original wor carried out by me under the super!ision of Sibeesh Kumar towards partial fulfillment of the re"uirement of MCA #egree$

Signature of the Student

Kann r Date !

CHINMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KANNUR
SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar Report titled OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE was prepared and presented by Thushara K P of the School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Chinmaya Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the re"uirement as a sub%ect under the &ni!ersity of Kannur during the first semester$ 'aculty in Charge

Kann r Date !

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
F"rst #$ a%%& I e'(ress my s"n)ere t*an+s t# Pr"n)"(a% Dr, K,K Fa%- nan $#r -"."n(erm"ss"#n t# )#nd )t t*"s sem"nar and -"."n- %#t #$ en)# ra-ement, I am t*an+$ % t# a%% $a) %ty members "n MCA de(artment $#r t*e"r )#/#(erat"#n t#0ards t*"s sem"nar (resentat"#n, I am t*an+$ % t# Mr, S"bees* K mar "n MCA de(artment $#r t*e"r )#/#(erat"#n t#0ards t*"s sem"nar (resentat"#n, At %ast& b t n#t t*e %east I 0# %d %"+e t# e'(ress my t*an+s t# #mn"(#tent -#d -".e t*e stren-t* t# )#nd )t t*e sem"nar& and a%s# s"n)ere t*an+s t# my $r"ends& 0*# *a.e (art")"(ated "n t*e sem"nar and en)# ra-ed me s )*,

ABSTRACT
T*"s Pa(er Des)r"bes A K"nd O$ A)t".e Cam# $%a-e System Named O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e, In"t"a%%y Cam# $%a-e Is Made Underst##d And T*en T*e T*e#ry O$ O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Is De.e%#(ed, O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Uses T*e Retr#/Re$%e)t".e Pr#1e)t"#n Te)*n#%#-y& A Pr#1e)t"#n 2ased A -mented3Rea%"ty System& C#m(#sed O$ A Pr#1e)t#r 4"t* A Sma%% Ir"s And A Retr#/Re$%e)t".e S)reen, T*e C#n)e(t O$ O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Is Stra"-*t F#r0ard, T# Create T*e I%% s"#n O$ In."s"b"%"ty 2y C#.er"n- An Ob1e)t 4"t* S#met*"n- T*at Pr#1e)ts T*e S)ene D"re)t%y 2e*"nd T*at Ob1e)t, T*"s System 4as C#n)e".ed 4"t* T*e Pr"mary 5"e0 In M"nd O$ C#n)ea%"n- Stat"#nary Or M#."n- Ob1e)ts S )* As Men& 5e*")%es& Or A"r)ra$t Fr#m 5"e0 And Has Pra)t")a% M"%"tary& La0 En$#r)ement& And Se) r"ty A((%")at"#ns,

CONTENT
N o 1 6 In !o"#c ion Ca%o#&'age )A*Na #!a' Ca%o#&'age )B*Mi'i a!+ Ca%o#&'age 7 8 9 : ; < 1= 11 16 1> 17 T,eo!+ O& Ca%o#&'age Op ica' Ca%o#&'age )A*De/c!ip ion An" C,a!ac e!i/ ic/ Ho0 I Wo!1/2 C'oa1 An" I / Sec!e In,e!en P,+/ica' P!o4'e%/ Wi , C'oa1ing An O45ec )A*Pa!a''a6 Re !o Re&'ec i7e P!o5ec ion. App'ica ion/ O ,e!/ A"7an age/ an" Di/a"7an age/ Conc'#/ion Re&e!ence .8 .$ .9 :: :8 :; -$ .3 .--. Topic Page No. $ (

INTRODUCTION

5ar"# s Met*#ds Ha.e 2een Pr#(#sed T# Inte-rate T*e 5"s a% S(a)e, In T*e F"e%d O$ M"'ed Rea%"ty& One O$ T*e M#st P#( %ar T#(")s Is Ab# t D"s(%ay"n- A 5"rt a% Ob1e)t Int# Rea% 4#r%d H#0e.er Ma+"n- Ob1e)ts 5"rt a%%y Trans(arent& L"+e In H,G, 4e%%s? @In."s"b%e ManA Can A%s# 2e Seen As Dream O$ H man 2e"n-, In T*"s Pa(er& 4e Des)r"be 4*at C# %d 2e Ca%%ed A Cam# $%a-e Te)*n"B e Named O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e,
In."s"b"%"ty *as been #n * man"tyCs 0"s* %"st at %east s"n)e Am#n/Ra& a de"ty 0*# )# %d d"sa((ear and rea((ear at 0"%%& 1#"ned t*e E-y(t"an (ant*e#n "n 6==; 2C, 4"t* re)ent ad.an)es "n #(t")s and )#m( t"n- and 0"t* t*e ad.ent #$ $%e'"b%e e%e)tr#n")s s )* as a $%e'"b%e %"B "d )rysta% d"s(%ay& t*at 0# %d a%%#0 t*e ba)+-r# nd "ma-e t# be d"s(%ayed #n t*e mater"a% "tse%$& *#0e.er& t*"s e% s".e -#a% "s n# %#n-er ( re%y "ma-"nary, In 6==>& t*ree (r#$ess#rs at Un".ers"ty #$ T#+y# S s m Ta)*"& Masa*"+# Inam" and Na#+" Ka0a+am" )reated a (r#t#ty(")a%

)am# $%a-e system "n 0*")* a ."de# )amera ta+es a s*#t #$ t*e ba)+-r# nd and d"s(%ays "t #n t*e )%#t* s"n- an e'terna% (r#1e)t#r, T*ey )an e.en re$%e)t "ma-es 0*en t*e mater"a% "s 0r"n+%ed, T*e same year T"me ma-aD"ne named "t t*e )##%est "n.ent"#n #$ 6==>, It "s an "nterest"n- a((%")at"#n #$ #(t")a% )am# $%a-e and "s )a%%ed t*e In."s"b"%"ty C%#a+,

T*r# -* t*e )%e.er a((%")at"#n #$ s#me d"rt/)*ea( te)*n#%#-y& t*e Ea(anese "n.ent#r *as br# -*t (ers#na% "n."s"b"%"ty a ste( )%#ser t# rea%"ty, T*e"r (r#t#ty(e ses an e'terna% )amera (%a)ed

be*"nd t*e )%#a+ed #b1e)t t# re)#rd a s)ene& 0*")* "t t*en transm"ts t# a )#m( ter $#r "ma-e (r#)ess"n-, T*e +ey de.e%#(ment #$ t*e )%#a+& *#0e.er& 0as t*e de.e%#(ment #$ a ne0 mater"a% )a%%ed retr#/ re$%e)t m, Pr#$ess#r Ta)*" says t*at t*"s mater"a% a%%#0s y# t# see a t*ree/d"mens"#na% "ma-e, T*e )#m( ter $eeds t*e "ma-e "nt# an e'terna% (r#1e)t#r 0*")* (r#1e)ts t*e "ma-e #nt# a (ers#n 0ear"n- a s(e)"a% retr# re$%e)t".e )#at, T*"s )an %ead t# d"$$erent res %ts de(end"n- #n t*e B a%"ty #$ t*e )amera& t*e (r#1e)t#r& and t*e )#at& b t by t*e %ate n"net"es& )#n."n)"n- "%% s"#ns 0ere )reated, T*at 0as #n%y #ne "n.ent"#n )reated "n t*"s $"e%d and resear)*es are st"%% be"n- )arr"ed # t "n #rder t# "m(%ement "t s"n- nan#te)*n#%#-y,

CAMOUFLAGE
Cam# $%a-e Is T*e Met*#d 4*")* A%%#0s An Ot*er0"se 5"s"b%e Or-an"sm Or Ob1e)t T# Rema"n Ind"s)ern"b%e Fr#m T*e S rr# nd"n- En."r#nment, E'am(%es In)% de A T"-erCs Str"(es And T*e 2att%edress O$ A M#dern S#%d"er, Cam# $%a-e Is A F#rm O$ De)e(t"#n, T*e 4#rd Cam# $%a-e C#mes Fr#m T*e Fren)* 4#rd CCam# $%erC Mean"n- CT# D"s- "seC,

A* Na #!a' Ca%o#&'age<
In Nat re& T*ere Is A Str#n- E.#% t"#nary Press re F#r An"ma%s T# 2%end Int# T*e"r En."r#nment Or C#n)ea% T*e"r S*a(eF F#r Prey An"ma%s T# A.#"d Predat#rs And F#r Predat#rs T# 2e Ab%e T# Snea+ U( On Prey, Nat ra% Cam# $%a-e Is One Met*#d T*at An"ma%s Use T# Meet T*ese A"ms,

(Anolis Caroliensis Showing )lending Camouflage And Counter Shading$*

<

B* Mi'i a!+ Ca%o#&'age<

T*ese 4ere Intended T# Da nt T*e Enemy& Attra)t Re)r "ts& F#ster Un"t C#*es"#n& A%%#0 Eas"er Ident"$")at"#n O$ Un"ts In T*e F#- O$ 4ar,T*e 2r"t"s* In Ind"a In 1;8: 4ere F#r)ed 2y Cas a%t"es T# Dye T*e"r Red T n")s T# Ne tra% T#nes& In"t"a%%y A M ddy Tan Ca%%ed K*a+", T*e Un"ted States 4as G ")+ T# F#%%#0 T*e 2r"t"s*& G#"n- K*a+" In T*e Same Year,Later In 6=t*)ent ry & D"-"ta% Cam# $%a-e Patterns Ha.e 2een E'(rer"mented On He%")#(ters& 2att%edresses HOt*er 5e*")%es, It Is Termed ID"-"ta%I 2e)a se M )* O$ T*e Des"-n 4as D#ne On A C#m( ter And Un%"+e Ot*er Cam# $%a-e Patterns& It Is 2%#)+y And A((ears A%m#st P"'e%ated,

1 =

THEORY OF CAMOUFLAGE
Ma)+ayCs Statement Ab#.e Rema"ns One O$ T*e M#st Im(#rtant E%ements In T*e T*e#ry O$ Cam# $%a-e An E'a)t Mat)* 4"t* T*e En."r#nmentCs C#%# rs Is Less Cr )"a% T*an T*e Pattern"n- O$ T*e Re-"#ns O$ C#%# r T*emse%.es, Idea%%y& Cam# $%a-e S*# %d 2e Made T# 2rea+ U( And T*ereby C#n)ea% T*e Str )t ra% L"nes O$ T*e Ob1e)t 4*")* It H"des, T* s& T*e Patterns O$ten Seen On Cam# $%a-e C%#t*"n-& Mas+"n- C%#t* And 5e*")%e Pa"nts Are Care$ %%y C#nstr )ted T# De)e".e T*e H man Eye 2y 2rea+"n- U( T*e 2# ndar"es T*at De$"ne S*ar( Ed-es And H man S"%*# ettes, T*"s Is Ca%%ed H"-* D"$$eren)e OrD"sr (t".e Cam# $%a-e, T*"s M"' O$ 2%end"n- And D"sr (t".e Patterns Is Ca%%ed C#"n)"dent D"sr (t"#n / T*e A"m O$ M#dern M"%"tary Cam# $%a-e, T*e O((#s"te O$ Cam# $%a-e Is Ma+"n- A Pers#n Or Ob1e)t M#re 5"s"b%e And Eas"er T#re)#-n"De&F#r E'am(%e 4"t* Retr#re$%e)t#rs And H"-*/5"s"b"%"ty C%#t*"n-,,

11

WHAT IS OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE2

O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Is A K"nd O$ A)t".e Cam# $%a-e, T*"s Idea Is 5ery S"m(%e, I$ Y# Pr#1e)t 2a)+-r# nd Ima-e Ont# T*e Mas+ed Ob1e)t& Y# Can Obser.e T*e Mas+ed Ob1e)t E st As I$ It 4ere 5"rt a%%y Trans(arent, A%t*# -* O(t")a% Is A Term T*at Te)*n")a%%y Re$ers T# A%% F#rms O$ L"-*t& M#st Pr#(#sed F#rms O$ O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e 4# %d On%y Pr#."de In."s"b"%"ty In T*e 5"s"b%e P#rt"#n O$ T*e S(e)tr m, T*e M#st Intr"- "n- Pr#t#ty(e Uses An E'terna% Camera P%a)ed 2e*"nd T*e C%#a+ed Ob1e)t T# Re)#rd A S)ene& 4*")* It T*en Transm"ts T# A C#m( ter F#r Ima-e Pr#)ess"n-, T*e C#m( ter Feeds T*e Ima-e Int# An E'terna% Pr#1e)t#r 4*")* Pr#1e)ts T*e Ima-e Ont# A Pers#n 4ear"n- A S(e)"a% Retr#re$%e)t".e C#at, T*"s Can Lead T# D"$$erent Res %ts De(end"n- On T*e G a%"ty O$ T*e Camera& T*e Pr#1e)t#r& And T*e C#at& 2 t 2y T*e Late N"net"es& C#n."n)"n- I%% s"#ns 4ere Created,

T*e D#0ns"de Is T*e Lar-e Am# nt O$ E'terna% Hard0are ReB "red& A%#n- 4"t* T*e Fa)t T*at T*e I%% s"#n Is On%y C#n."n)"n- 4*en 5"e0ed Fr#m A Certa"n An-%e,
Creat"n- C#m(%ete O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e A)r#ss T*e 5"s"b%e L"-*t S(e)tr m 4# %d ReB "re A C#at"n- Or S "t C#.ered In T"ny Cameras And Pr#1e)t#rs& Pr#-rammed T# Gat*er 5"s a% Data Fr#m A M %t"t de O$ D"$$erent An-%es And Pr#1e)t T*e Gat*ered Ima-es O t0ards In An EB a%%y Lar-e N mber O$ D"$$erent D"re)t"#ns T# G".e T*e I%% s"#n O$ In."s"b"%"ty Fr#m A%% An-%es, F#r A S r$a)e S b1e)t T# 2end"n- L"+e A F%e'"b%e S "t& A Mass".e Am# nt O$ C#m( t"n- P#0er And Embedded Sens#rs 4# %d 2e Ne)essary T# C#nt"n # s%y Pr#1e)t T*e C#rre)t Ima-es In A%% D"re)t"#ns, T*"s 4# %d A%m#st Certa"n%y ReB "re S#(*"st")ated Nan#te)*n#%#-y& As O r C#m( ters& Pr#1e)t#rs& And Cameras Are N#t Yet M"n"at r"Ded

16

En# -* T# Meet T*ese C#nd"t"#ns, A%t*# -* T*e S "t Des)r"bed Ab#.e 4# %d Pr#."de A C#n."n)"n- I%% s"#n T# T*e Na+ed Eye O$ A H man Obser.er& M#re S#(*"st")ated Ma)*"nery 4# %d 2e Ne)essary T# Create Per$e)t I%% s"#ns In Ot*er E%e)tr#ma-net") 2ands& S )* As T*e In$rared 2and, S#(*"st")ated Tar-et/Tra)+"n- S#$t0are C# %d Ens re T*at T*e Ma1#r"ty O$ C#m( t"n- P#0er Is F#) sed On Pr#1e)t"n- Fa%se Ima-es In T*#se D"re)t"#ns 4*ere Obser.ers Are M#st L"+e%y T# 2e Present& Creat"n- T*e M#st Rea%"st") I%% s"#n P#ss"b%e,

1 >

T*"s S*#0s T*e Pr"n)"(%e O$ T*e O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Us"n- '?ta% 5"s"#n, Y# Can Se%e)t Cam# $%a-ed Ob1e)t T# C#.er 4"t* Retr#re$%e)t#r, M#re#.er& T# Pr#1e)t A Stere#s)#(") Ima-e& T*e Obser.er L##+s At T*e Mas+"n- Ob1e)t M#re Trans(arent,

In T*e Ab#.e S*#0n F"- re& T*"s Trans(arent C%#a+ Ma+es Y# See As I$ T*e C%#a+ Is Trans(arent 2y Pr#1e)t"n- T*e S*##t"n- Ima-e 2e*"nd T*e Pers#n Ont# T*e C%#a+ I,E I Loo1/ Li1e T,!ee Men Wa'1ing Be,in" A!e Seen T,!o#g, T,e Bo"+ O& T,e

Pe!/on. S#& A)t a%%y& T*e C%#a+ Is N#t Rea%%y Trans(arent,

A* DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS

O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Uses A H#%#-ra(*") Pr#1e)t"#n System T*at Creates An I%% s"#nary Ima-e O$ Its S rr# nd"n-s T# A.#"d 5"s a% Dete)t"#n& A F#rm O$ In."s"b"%"ty, T*e Cam# $%a-e IsnCt A Tr e In."s"b"%"ty C%#a+& Rat*er& An Ad.an)ed Gr"d Pr#1e)t"#n System T# 2%end In Its S rr# nd"n-s L"+e A C*ame%e#n, T*e System 4as De.e%#(ed 2y Ce%est"a% 2e"n- And 4as Insta%%ed Int# Se.era% O$ T*e"r G ndams& S*"(s& Res# r)e Sate%%"tes F#r In$"%trat"#n And Stea%t* P r(#sesF H#0e.er& T*e Ab"%"t"es O$ T*e Cam# $%a-e D"$$er 2et0een A((%")at"#ns,

17

4*en Per$#rm"n- M"ss"#ns T*at Need A G ndam T# 2e H"dden& T*e O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e 2%ends T*e Un"t Int# Its S rr# nd"n-s& H#0e.er& T*e Cam# $%a-e IsnCt Per$e)t, T*e Cam# $%a-e IsnCt An A)t".e C%#a+"n- F"e%dF ItCs On%y A((%")ab%e 4*en T*e Un"t Is C#m(%ete%y Stat"#nary, S*# %d T*e Un"t M#.e D r"n- C%#a+& T*e O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e 4# %d Un.e"% T*e Un"t T# T*e Na+ed Eye& H#0e.er& It May St"%% A.#"d Sens#r De)te)t"#n, T*e O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Is A%s# Ca(ab%e O$ E'(and"n- Its Cam# $%a-e F"e%d, ItCs Ab%e T# C%#a+ An#t*er G ndam In)*es A0ay Fr#m Its P#s"t"#n& 2 t ItCs Un)%ear I$ It Is Ca(ab%e O$ C%#a+"nA N#n/G ndam MS AndJOr F#re"-n Ob1e)t 4"t*"n Its D#ma"n, 4*en It C#mes T# C2Cs S*"(s& T*e System Is On%y Meant T# A.#"d 5"s a% Dete)t"#n Fr#m 5"s a% Sens#rs And Obser.at"#n Sate%%"tes At Far D"stan)esF N#t Fr#m C%#se Ran-e, U(#n C%#se Ran-e Obser.at"#n& T*e Cam# $%a-e Is Ob."# s T# T*e Na+ed Eye As T*e H#%#-ra(*") Gr"d Creates O.er%a(("n- Ima-e F#%ds At T*e Ed-e O$ T*e Cam# $%a-e, E.en I$ A S*"( Is C#m(%ete%y Stat"#nary F#r Abs#% te In."sb"%"ty& It Is St"%% Ab%e T# Re.ea% Itse%$ S*# %d Any Part")%e 4ea(#ns F"re T*r# -* T*e C%#a+, F#r Res# r)e Sate%%"tes& Less#ns Learned 2et0een AD 6>=:/6>16 C#n."n)ed C2 En-"neers T# Create A Mass".e Cam# $%a-e System T# C%#a+ Lar-e P#)+ets O$ S(a)e, T# Pre.ent 5"s a% Dete)t"#n& T*e Ent"re Sate%%"te Is C%#a+ed And Its F"e%d Is E'(anded 2y Unmeas red D"stan)es, 2e)a se T*e Sate%%"te Is Stat"#nary& T*ere Are N# O.er/La(("n- A$ter/ Ima-es, H#0e.er& S*"(s And F%#at"n- Debr"s M#."n- In And O t O$ T*e F"e%d Can Tem(#rar"%y Re.ea% T*e Ed-e O$ T*e Cam# $%a-e F"e%d, O.era%%& Its Te)*n#%#-y P%ayed A Cr )"a% R#%e In Pr#te)t"n- T*e Se)re)y O$ C2 And A$$e)ted MS 4ar$are F#r Generat"#ns, 1 8

HOW DOES IT WORKS2

F"rst& P tt"n- T*e 5"de# Camera 2e*"nd T*e Pers#n In T*e C%#a+& And Ca(t r"n- H"s 2a)+-r# nd, T*en& Pr#1e)t"n- T*e Ca(t red Ima-e Ont# T*e C%#a+ Fr#m T*e Pr#1e)t#r, S#& I$ Y# See Fr#m T*e Pee(*#%e& Y# 4"%% See As I$ T*e C%#a+ Is Trans(arent, 2e)a se T*e Ima-e Is Pr#1e)ted 2y T*e Te)*n#%#-y Ca%%ed Retr#/Re$%e)t".e Pr#1e)t"#n Te)*n#%#-y KRPTL& Y# Can See T*e Re$%e)t"#n On%y On T*e C%#a+ And C%ear%y E.en In 2r"-*tness,

19

1 :

CLOAK=S SECRET
T*"s C%#a+"n- System Is Des"-ned T# C#n)ea% An Ob1e)t Fr#m 5"e0 2y P%a)"n- A T*"n 5"de# S)reen 2et0een T*e Obser.er And T*e Ob1e)t 2e"n- C#n)ea%ed And At T*e Same T"me Present"n- A

F %% C#%#r Ima-e O$ T*e 2a)+-r# nd On T*e S)reen F#r 5"e0 2y T*e Obser.er& T* s Creat"n- T*e I%% s"#n T*at T*e Ob1e)t Is N#t T*ere,

1;

T*e S(e)"a% Mater"a% Is Used As S)reen F#r RPT, T*at?s D"$$erent Fr#m T*e S)reen In T*e C"nemas, T*"s Mater"a% Is Ca%%ed MRetr#/Re$%e)t".e Mater"a%?& And A%s# Used F#r T*e C%#a+, T*e S r$a)e O$ Retr#/Re$%e)t".e Mater"a% Is C#.ered 4"t* 5ery Sma%% 2eads, I$ T*e L"-*t Str"+es T*e Mater"a%& T*e L"-*t Re$%e)ts On%y In T*e Same D"re)t"#n As It Has C#me, S#& T*e Ima-e Is Re$%e)ted C%ear%y E.en In 2r"-*tness,O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e ReB "res T*e 5"e0er T# 2e In P#s"t"#n 4"t* A Sens#r,

T*e I%% s"#n Is 2r#+en I$ Y# Are A Fe0 Meters O$$ T*e Mar+& S# T*"s IsnCt E'a)t%y Ready F#r M"%"tary Use, T*"s Can 2e Used F#r T0# P r(#ses, T*e F"rst O$ 4*")* 2e"nS*#0"n- A Re(resentat"#n O$ S#met*"n- 2e*"nd An Ob1e)t& On T#( O$ Sa"d Ob1e)t, T*e Se)#nd Is T# A)t a%%y C*an-e 4*at Y# Cre L##+"n- At, T*"s Is A))#m(%"s*ed 4"t* A Re$%e)t".e C#at"n- A((%"ed T# T*e Ob1e)ts T# Re)e".e T*e Cam# $%a-e, M"rr#rs 4#r+ E.en 1<

2etter, T*e Se%e)ted 2a)+-r# nd Is F"%med& And T*en Pr#1e)ted 2a)+ Ont# T*e S# r)e E'a)t%y, T*"s Is Near%y Unn#t")eab%e Unt"% A H"-*%y Re$%e)t".e S r$a)e Passes 2y, Y# T*en See On%y A L"tt%e M#re T*an A S*"mmer"n- O t%"ne, In Fa)t& 4e Can F"nd A L#t O$ T*"n-s Us"n- Retr#/Re$%e)t".e Mater"a% Ar# nd Y# , Tra$$") S"-ns& 2")y)%e?s Re$%e)t#r And T*e L"-*t"n- Part O$ T*e Ra"n)#at Are Made Fr#m Retr# Re$%e)t".e Mater"a%, As L"+e T*e Trans(arent C%#a+& It Can 2e Seen Fr#m Far A0ay 2e)a se T*ey S*"ne 2r"-*t%y 2y L"tt%e L"-*t O$ T*e Cars ,

6 =

INHERENT PHYSICAL PROBLEMS WITH CLOAKING AN OB>ECT

1 6 Parametr")a% Des"-n C#ns"derat"#ns Res#% t"#n Fa)t#rs

Para%%a'& 5"e0 An-%e And Ran-e De(enden)y& T"%t An-%e& And

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Parameters 4ere Treated In De(t* 2y S)*#0en-erdt And S)*0e"Der In 1<<>
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Para%%a' Is M#st Cr"t")a% And Is S mmar"Ded 2e%#0 And On Ne't Pa-e

61

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M"n"m m Ran-e O$ An Ob1e)t Ne)essary T# Es)a(e Dete)t"#n Is A F n)t"#n O$

T*e Obser.er?s Res#% t"#n& D"stan)e O$ T*e Ob1e)t Fr#m T*e Obser.er& T*e D"stan)e O$ T*e Ob1e)t Fr#m T*e 2a)+-r# nd& And Latera% M#t"#n O$ T*e Obser.er Ne)essary T# Dete)t T*e Tar-et,

A* Pa!a''a6 P!o4'e%<?
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6 6

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Target
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) - .ocation +f +b%ect In )ac ground Plane )ehind Target 0hen +bser!er Is At +rigin (+* + - +riginal Position +f +bser!er )efore Mo!ing To ,
6 >

RETRO?REFLECTI@E PRO>ECTION

Tec,no'og+)RPT*<?
N#0 T*at 4e M5e Seen H#0 D#es O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e 4#r+s Us"n- RPT H '?sta% 5"s"#n Let Us I%% strate RPT, 4*en Us"n- A See/T*r# -* Head/M# nted D"s(%ay KSTHMDL T# Mer-e 5"rt a% And Rea% En."r#nments& T*e O(erat#r May See T*e Ima-e O$ A 5"rt a% 67

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F"-,8 And F"-,9 S*#0s T*e Pr"n)"(%es O$ RPT, T*e Ima-e O$ A 5"rt a% Ob1e)t Is Pr#1e)ted T*r# -* A P"n*#%e, T*e Pr#1e)ted Ima-e Is Re$%e)ted 2y T*e Ha%$/M"rr#r On A R"-*t An-%e And T*en Retr#/Re$%e)ted 2y T*e Retr#/Re$%e)t".e S)reen, 68

F"-,:

O(t")a% Cam# $%a-ed Ha(t") D"s(%ay F"- : S*#0s T*e Ha(t") D"s(%ay KRea% Ob1e)tL H"d"n- T*e 5"rt a% Ob1e)t& 2 t O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Te)*n"B es Perm"t T# Ma+e T*e Ha(t") D"s(%ay T# 2e)#me Trans(arent, H#0e.er T*e O(erat#r?s Hand Is N#t Made Trans(arent& 4*")* Im(%"es T*at It Is P#ss"b%e T# Use T*"s Te)*n#%#-y,

6 9

APPLICATIONS
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OTHERS
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CASE A<
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It?s De$ense Re."e0?s Understand"n- At Present T*at IR/Stea%t* 7,2 And 5"s"b"%"ty Stea%t* 1,2 Can 2e C#mb"nedJInte-rated T# 4#r+ T#-et*er T# C%#a+ 5e*")%es And 4ar$"-*ters

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CASE B<
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#(t")a% )am# $%a-e te)*n#%#-y and B "t t*ere and t*en& t*e GEMI en-"neer"n- team see+s t# e'(%#re and ad.an)e #(t")a% )am# $%a-e te)*n#%#-y t*r# -* resear)* and de.e%#(ment T*ey be%"e.e t*at t*e s#% t"#n t# )#m(%e' (r#b%ems "s a%0ays s"m(%e, O(t")a% )am# $%a-e te)*n#%#-y )# %d be sed $#r m"%"tary a((%")at"#ns "n)% d"n-

m#dern 0ar$are& and $#r mar+et"n- )am(a"-ns $eat r"n- D"-"ta% M#b"%e Ad.ert"s"n- KDMAL,

APPLICATION REPRESENTATION
6,T*e Idea A((ears In Many F")t"#na% 4#r+s& S )* As T*e 4"%%"am G"bs#n N#.e% Ne r#man)er& 4*ere It Is Re$erred T# As A IP#%y)*r#mat") S "t&I 2 t A)*"e.ed Re)#-n"t"#n In T*e S ))ess$ % Eames 2#nd M#."e, D"e An#t*er Day,T*e Car O$ Eames 2#nd& Ast#n Mart"n 5anB "s* 5/16 Is EB "((ed 4"t* A%% T*e Us a% Re$"nements In)% d"n- Fr#nt/F"r"n- R#)+ets& H##d M# nted G ns& And Passen-er E1e)t#r Seat In H#ma-e T# T*e Or"-"na% Ast#n Mart"n D28 Dr".en 2y 2#nd In G#%d$"n-er, T*e Car 4as A%s# EB "((ed 4"t* An Ada(t".e Cam# $%a-e De.")e& T*at A%%#0ed It T# 2e)#me In."s"b%e T# T*e Na+ed Eye At T*e P s* O$ A 2 tt#n KA%t*# -* It C# %d St"%% 2e Dete)ted In In$rared,L S"m"%ar Cam# $%a-e Is A%s# Used 2y T*e Creat res In T*e Predat#r M#."es& T*# -* In T*at Case L"-*t Is 2ent Ar# nd T*e Cam# $%a-e, >/O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Can 2e Used On S r-")a% G%#bes Or EB "(ments S# T*ey D#n?t 2%#)+ S r-e#n?s 5"e0 D r"n- De%")ate O(erat"#ns, > 1

Rea' 'i&e app'ica ion

T*"s te)*n#%#-y "s bas")a%%y sed $#r "n."s"b"%"ty ( r(#se, 1 6 S )* te)*n#%#-y "s se$ % "n de$en)e $#r *"d"n- $r#m t*e enem"es, Use $#r #t*er .e*")a%s %"+e )ar,"$ y# )an see t*r# -* t*e ba)+ #$ )ar&y# 0"%% ( t

t*e )ar "nt# t*e -ara-e s ))ess$ %%y,

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T*e stea%t* s#rt #$ t*"s a((%")at"#n (%anes t*at t*ey abs#rb a%% t*e radar 0a.es

)#m"n- t# "t and as a res %t #$ 0*")* t*e radar stat"#ns )ann#t dete)t "t,s# "t )an atta)+ any t"me b)a s "t "s *"dden t*"s "s dan-er# s a%s#,

> 6

AD@ANTAGES
1 O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e )an be sed #n s r-")a% -%#bes #r eB "(ments s# t*ey

d#n?t b%#)+ s r-e#n?s ."e0 d r"n- de%")ate #(erat"#ns, In a."at"#n& )#)+("t $%##rs )# %d be)#me C"n."s"b%eC t# ass"st ("%#ts d r"n-

%and"n-,

DISAD@ANTAGES
1 T*e 0ea+ (#"nt #$ t*"s te)*n"B e "s t*at t*e #bser.er needs t# %##+ t*r# -* a

*a%$/m"rr#r, 6 T*e ) rrent system needs a *a%$ m"rr#r and (r#1e)t#rs& 0*")* 0ere $"'ed #n t*e

-r# nd$

>>

CONCLUSION
Creat"n- A Tr %y Rea%"st") O(t")a% I%% s"#n 4# %d L"+e%y ReB "re P*ase Array O(t")s& 4*")* 4# %d Pr#1e)t L"-*t O$ A S(e)"$") Am(%"t de And P*ase And T*ere$#re Pr#."de E.en Greater Le.e%s O$ In."s"b"%"ty, T*e 4ea+ P#"nt O$ T*"s Te)*n"B e Is T*at T*e Obser.er Needs T# L##+ T*r# -* A Ha%$/M"rr#r, T*e C rrent System Needs A Ha%$/M"rr#r And Pr#1e)t#rs& 4*")* 4ere F"'ed On T*e Gr# nd, 4e May End U( F"nd"n- O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e T# 2e M#st Use$ % In T*e En."r#nment O$ S(a)e& 4*ere Any G".en 2a)+-r# nd Is Genera%%y Less C#m(%e' T*an Eart*%y 2a)+dr#(s And T*ere$#re Eas"er T# Re)#rd& Pr#)ess& And Pr#1e)t, T*e Dream O$ In."s"b"%"ty In T*e 5"s a% L"-*t S(e)tr m Can F"na%%y 2e)#me A Rea%"ty T*r# -* T*e Usa-e O$ Ad.an)ed Sens#rJD"s(%ay M#d %es& A)t".e Matr"' L"B "d Crysta% D"s(%ays& P%asma D"s(%ays& And De.e%#(ment O$ N#ns(e) %ar S*"e%ds T# Red )e G%"nt Immed"ate N# R"s+ A((%")at"#ns At Reas#nab%e C#sts E'"st F#r C%#a+"n- Systems F#r En."r#nmenta% En*an)ement S )* As @Dress"n- U(A Unattra)t".e Ind str"a% Fa)"%"t"es& Intr#d )"n- Ins("rat"#na% And St"m %at"n- O$$")e S)enery On 4a%%s& And Ener-y Sa."n-s T*r# -* Se) r"ty F#r)e Red )t"#n And Em"ss"#n C#ntr#%, Med" m T# H"-* R"s+ De.e%#(ment O$ E%e)tr#/O(t")a% Cam# $%a-e Is Feas"b%e At M#derate C#sts In T*e Near/Term K6=1=/6=6=L As A Means O$ S $$")"ent%y C%#a+"n- Many Stat"#nary And S#me M#."n- P%at$#rms S )* As T*e C#.ert 2a%%##n Trans(#rt, C%#a+"n- Systems 4"%% Ha.e O(erat"n- L"m"ts Set 2y T*e Ant")"(ated Res#% t"#n O$ T*e Obser.er& D"stan)e Fr#m Obser.er& D"stan)e O$ Ob1e)t T# 2a)+-r# nd& L"-*t"n>7

C#nd"t"#ns& And ReB "red Dynam") Ran-e, T*e O(erat"n- L"m"ts Can 2e O(t"m"Ded 2y In)reased S#(*"st")at"#n In R"s+ Mana-ement And Des"-n, A%s#& Art"$")"a% S)enes Or DaDD%e Patterns May 2e Used 4*en De(")t"#n O$ T*e A)t a% 2a)+-r# nd P#ses S(e)"a% Pr#b%ems And D"-"ta% A%-#r"t*ms May 2e Em(%#yed T# Sense S )* D"$$") %t"es And A)t".ate A((r#(r"ate S)enes Or Patterns, In T*e Far/Term K6=6=/6=7=L& H"-* R"s+& H"-* C#st& De.e%#(ment O$ E%e)tr#/O(t")a% C%#a+"n- Systems 4"%% Enab%e T*e S ))ess$ % A))#m(%"s*ment O$ La0 En$#r)ement And M"%"tary M"ss"#ns T*at ReB "re Penetrat"#n O$ 5e*")%es Or EB "(ment Int# Dan-er# s Areas,

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