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lap;u

liuksa osQ&ls fnu

esjs lkFk [ksyus okys lHkh cPpksa dk gky ,d&lk gksrkA uaxs iko] iQVh&eSyh lh dPNh vkSj VwVs
cVuksa okys dbZ txg ls iQVs oqQrsZ vkSj fc[kjs ckyA tc ydM+h osQ <sj ij p<+dj [ksyrs uhps
dks Hkkxrs rks fxjdj dbZ rks tkus dgk&dgk pksV [kk ysrs vkSj igys gh iQVs&iqjkus oqQrsZ rkj&rkj
gks tkrsA kwy Hkjs] dbZ txg ls fNys iko] iMfy;k ;k ygw osQ mQij teh jsr&fe^h ls yFkiFk
?kqVus ysdj tkrs rks lHkh dh ek&cgusa mu ij rjl [kkus dh txg vkSj fiVkbZ djrhaA db;ksa osQ
cki cM+s xqLlSy FksA ihVus yxrs rks ;g ;ku Hkh u j[krs fd NksVs cPps osQ ukd&eqg ls ygw cgus
yxk gS ;k mlosQ dgk pksV yxh gSA ijarq bruh cqjh fiVkbZ gksus ij Hkh nwljs fnu fiQj [ksyus pys
vkrsA (;g ckr rc Bhd ls le> vkbZ tc LowQy v;kid cuus osQ fy, ,d Vsux1 djus
x;k vkSj ogk cky&euksfoKku dk fo"k; i<+kA ,slh ckrksa osQ ckjs esa rHkh tku ik;k fd cPpksa dks
[ksyuk D;ksa bruk vPNk yxrk gS fd cqjh rjg fiVkbZ gksus ij Hkh fiQj [ksyus pys vkrs gSaA)
esjs lkFk [ksyus okys vf/drj lkFkh gekjs tSls gh ifjokjksa osQ gqvk djrsA lkjs eqgYys esa cgqr
ifjokj rks] gekjh rjg vklikl osQ xkoksa ls gh vkdj cls FksA nks&rhu ?kj] lkFk dh mtM+h&lh
xyh esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ FksA gekjh lHkh dh vknrsa Hkh oqQN feyrh&tqyrh FkhaA muesa ls vfkd
rks LowQy tkrs gh u Fks] tks dHkh x, Hkh] i<+kbZ esa #fp u gksus osQ dkj.k fdlh fnu cLrk rkykc
esa isaQd vk, vkSj fiQj LowQy x, gh ugha] u gh ek&cki us kcjnLrh HkstkA ;gk rd fd ijpwfu;s]
vk<+rh;s Hkh vius cPpksa dks LowQy Hkstuk k:jh u le>rsA dHkh fdlh LowQy v;kid ls ckr
gksrh rks dgrsekLVj th geus bls D;k rglhynkj yxokuk gSA FkksM+k cM+k gks tk, rks iaMr
?ku';ke nkl ls yaMs2 i<+okdj nqdku ij cfg;k3 fy[kus yxk ysaxsA iaMr Ng&vkB eghus esa yaMs
vkSj equheh dk lHkh dke fl[kk nsxkA ogk rks vHkh rd vfyiQ&cs the&p Hkh lh[k ugha ik;kA
1- izf'k{k.k 2- fglkc&fdrkc fy[kus dh iatkch izkphu fyfi 3- [kkrk (nqdku osQ fglkc&fdrkc dk C;kSjk ftlesa
fy[kk tk,)

liuksa osQ&ls fnu

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22

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gekjs vk/s ls vf/d lkFkh jktLFkku ;k gfj;k.kk ls vkdj eaMh esa O;kikj ;k nqdkunkjh djus
vk, ifjokjksa ls FksA tc cgqr NksVs Fks rks mudh cksyh de le> ikrsA muosQ oqQN 'kCn lqudj
gesa glh vkus yxrhA ijarq [ksyrs rks lHkh ,d&nwljs dh ckr [kwc vPNh rjg le> ysrsA
irk Hkh ugha pyk fd yksdksfDr vuqlkj ^,g [ksM.k4 ns fnu pkj* oSQls] dc chr x,A (geesa
ls dksbZ Hkh ,slk u Fkk tks LowQy osQ dejs esa cSBdj i<+us dks ^oSQn* u le>rk gksA) oqQN vius
ek&cki osQ lkFk tSlk Hkh Fkk] dke djkus yxsA
cpiu esa ?kkl vf/d gjh vkSj iwQyksa dh lqxa/ vf/d eueksgd yxrh gSA ;g 'kCn 'kk;n
vk/h 'krh igys fdlh iqLrd esa i<+s Fks] ijarq vkt rd ;kn gSaA ;kn jgus dk dkj.k ;gh gS fd
;g okD; cpiu dh Hkkoukvksa] lksp&le> osQ vuqowQy gksxkA ijarq LowQy osQ vanj tkus ls jkLrs
osQ nksuksa vksj tks vfy;kj osQ cM+s <ax ls dVs&NkVs >kM+ mxs Fks (ftUgsa ge MafM;k dgk djrs)
muosQ uhe osQ ikksa tSls ikksa dh egd vkt rd Hkh vk[k ewndj eglwl dj ldrk gwA mu
fnuksa LowQy dh NksVh D;kfj;ksa esa iwQy Hkh dbZ rjg osQ mxk, tkrs Fks ftuesa xqykc] xsank vkSj
eksfr;k dh nw/&lh lI+ksQn dfy;k Hkh gqvk djrhaA ;s dfy;k bruh lqanj vkSj [kq'kcwnkj gksrh Fkha
fd ge panw piM+klh5 ls vk[k cpkdj dHkh&dHkkj ,d&nks rksM+ fy;k djrsA mudh cgqr rsk
lqxa/ vkt Hkh eglwl dj ikrk gw] ijarq ;g ;kn ugha fd mUgsa rksM+dj] oqQN nsj lw?kdj fiQj
D;k fd;k djrsA ('kk;n tsc esa Mky ysrs] ek mls /ksus ls le; fudkydj ckgj isaQd nsrh ;k
ge gh] LowQy ls ckgj vkrs mUgsa cdjh osQ eseuksa dh Hkkfr ^pj* tk;k djrs)A
tc vxyh Js.kh esa nkf[ky gksrs rks ,d vksj rks oqQN cM+s] l;kus gksus osQ ,glkl ls mRlkfgr
Hkh gksrs] ijarq nwljh vksj u;h] iqjkuh dkfi;ksa&fdrkcksa ls tkus oSQlh ckl vkrh fd mUgha ekLVjksa
osQ Mj ls dkius yxrs tks fiNyh Js.kh esa i<+k pqosQ gksrsA
rc LowQy esa] 'kq: lky esa ,d&Ms<+ eghuk i<+kbZ gqvk djrh] fiQj Ms<+&nks eghus dh Nqf^;k
'kq: gks tk;k djrhaA vc rd tks ckr vPNh rjg ;kn gS og Nqf^;ksa osQ igys vkSj vkf[kjh fnuksa
dk I+kQoZQ FkkA igys nks&rhu lIrkg rks [kwc [ksy&owQn gqvk djrhA gj lky gh ek osQ lkFk ufugky
pys tkrsA ogk ukuh [kwc nw/&ngh] eD[ku f[kykrh] cgqr I;kj djrhA NksVk lk fiNM+k xko Fkk
ijarq rkykc gekjh eaMh osQ rkykc ftruk gh cM+k FkkA nksigj rd rks ml rkykc esa ugkrs fiQj
ukuh ls tks th esa vkrk ekxdj [kkus yxrsA ukuh gekjs cksyus osQ <ax ;k de [kkus osQ dkj.k cgqr
[kq'k gksrhA vius iksrksa dks gekjh rjg cksyus vkSj [kkus&ihus dks dgrhA ftl lky ufugky u tk
ikrs] ml lky Hkh vius ?kj ls FkksM+k ckgj rkykc ij pys tkrsA diM+s mrkj ikuh esa owQn tkrs
vkSj oqQN le; ckn] Hkkxrs gq, ,d jsrhys Vhys ij tkdj] jsr osQ mQij ysVus yxrsA xhys 'kjhj
4- [ksyus osQ 5- pijklh

liuksa osQ&ls fnu

23

dks xje jsr ls [kwc yFkiFk dj mlh rjg Hkkxrs] fdlh mQph txg ls rkykc esa Nykx yxk nsrsA
jsr dks xanys ikuh ls lkI+kQ dj fiQj Vhys dh vksj Hkkx tkrsA ;kn ugha fd ,slk] ikp&nl ckj
djrs ;k ianzg&chl ckjA dbZ ckj rkykc esa owQndj ,sls gkFk&iko fgykus yxrs tSls cgqr vPNs
rSjkd gksaA ijarq ,d&nks dks NksM+] esjs fdlh lkFkh dks rSjuk ugha vkrk FkkA oqQN rks gkFk&iko fgykrs
gq, xgjs ikuh esa pys tkrs rks nwljs mUgsa ckgj vkus osQ fy, fdlh HkSal osQ lhax ;k nqe idM+dj
ckgj vkus dh lykg nsrsA mUgsa <k<+l c/krsA owQnrs le; eqg esa xanyk ikuh Hkj tkrk rks cqjh
rjg [kklrsA dbZ ckj ,slk yxrk fd lkl #dus yxh gS ijarq gk;&gk; djrs fdlh u fdlh rjg
rkykc osQ fdukjs igqp tkrsA
fiQj Nqf^;k chrus yxrha rks fnu fxuus yxrsA izR;sd fnu Mj c<+rk pyk tkrkA [ksy&owQn
vkSj rkykc esa ugkuk Hkh Hkwyus yxrkA ekLVjksa us tks Nqf^;ksa esa djus osQ fy, dke fn;k gksrk
mldk fglkc yxkus yxrsA tSls fglkc osQ ekLVj th nks lkS ls de loky dHkh u crkrsA eu
esa fglkc yxkrs fd ;fn nl loky jksk fudkys rks chl fnu ess iwjs gks tk,xsA tc ,slk lkspuk
'qk: djrs rks Nqf^;ksa dk ,d eghuk ckdh gqvk djrkA ,d&,d fnu fxurs nl fnu [ksy&owQn
esa vkSj chr tkrsA LowQy dh fiVkbZ6 dk Mj vkSj c<+us yxrkA ijarq Mj Hkqykus osQ fy, lksprs
fd nl dh D;k ckr] loky rks ianzg Hkh vklkuh ls jksk fudkys tk ldrs gSaA tc ,slk fglkc
yxkus yxrs rks Nqf^;k de gksrs&gksrs tSls Hkkxus yxrhaA fnu cgqr NksVs yxus yxrsA ,slk eglwl
gksrk tSls lwjt Hkkxdj nksigjh esa gh fNi tkrk gksA tSls&tSls fnu ^NksVs* gksus yxrs LowQy dk
Hk; c<+us yxrkA gekjs fdrus gh lgikBh ,sls Hkh gksrs tks Nqf^;ksa dk dke djus dh ctk; ekLVjksa
dh fiVkbZ vf/d ^lLrk lkSnk* le>rsA ge tks fiVkbZ ls cgqr Mjk djrs] mu ^cgknqjksa* dh Hkkfr
gh lkspus yxrsA ,sls le; gekjk lcls cM+k ^usrk* vksek gqvk djrkA
ge lHkh mlosQ ckjs esa lksprs fd gekjs esa ml tSlk dkSu FkkA dHkh Hkh ml tSlk nwljk yM+dk
ugha <w<+ ikrs FksA mldh ckrsa] xkfy;k] ekj&fiVkbZ dk <ax rks vyx Fkk gh] mldh 'kDy&lwjr
Hkh lcls vyx FkhA gkM+h ftruk cM+k flj] mlosQ fBxus pkj ckfy'r osQ 'kjhj ij ,slk yxrk
tSls fcYyh osQ cPps osQ ekFks ij rjcwt j[kk gksA brus cMs+ flj esa ukfj;y&dh&lh vk[kksa okyk
canfj;k osQ cPps tSlk psgjk vkSj Hkh vthc yxrkA yM+kbZ og gkFk&iko ugha] flj ls fd;k djrkA
tc lkM+ dh Hkkfr iqQdkjrk] flj >qdkdj fdlh osQ isV ;k Nkrh esa ekj nsrk rks mlls nqxqus&frxqus
'kjhj okys yM+osQ Hkh ihM+k ls fpYykus yxrsA gesa Mj yxrk fd fdlh dh Nkrh dh ilyh gh
u rksM+ MkysA mlosQ flj dh VDdj dk uke geus ^jsy&cEck* j[kk gqvk Fkkjsy osQ (dks;ys ls
pyus okys) batu dh Hkkfr cM+k vkSj Hk;adj gh rks FkkA
6- vktdy LowQyksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ihVuk euk gS

24

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gekjk LowQy cgqr NksVk FkkosQoy NksV&s NksVs ukS dejs Fks tks vaxzs kh osQ v{kj ,p (H) dh Hkkfr
cus FksA nkb vksj igyk dejk gsMekLVj Jh enueksgu 'kekZ th dk Fkk ftlosQ njokks osQ vkxs ges'kk
fpd yVdh jgrhA LowQy dh iz;s j (izkFkZuk) osQ le; og ckgj vkrs vkSj lh/h drkjksa esa dn osQ
vuqlkj [kM+s yM+dksa dks ns[k mudk xksjk psgjk f[ky mBrkA lkjs v;kid] yM+dksa dh rjg gh drkj
ck/dj muosQ ihNs [kM+s gksrAs osQoy ekLVj izhre pan ^ihVh* yM+dksa dh drkjksa osQ ihNs [kM+&s [kM+s
;g ns[krs Fks fd dkSu lk yM+dk drkj esa Bhd ugha [kM+kA mudh ?kqMd
+ h rFkk Bqaksa osQ Hk; ls ge
lHkh drkj osQ igys vkSj vkf[kjh yM+oQs dk ;ku j[krs] lhkss drkj esa cus jgus dk iz;Ru djrsA
lh/h drkj osQ lkFk&lkFk gesa ;g ;ku Hkh j[kuk gksrk Fkk fd vkxs ihNs [kM+s yM+dksa osQ chp dh
nwjh Hkh ,d lh gksA lHkh yM+oQs ml ^ihVh* ls cgqr Mjrs Fks D;ksfa d mu ftruk l[r v;kid
u dHkh fdlh us ns[kk] u lquk FkkA ;fn dksbZ yM+dk viuk flj Hkh b/j&m/j fgyk ysrk ;k iko
ls nwljh fiaMyh [kqtykus yxrk rks og mldh vksj ck?k dh rjg >iV iM+rs vkSj ^[kky [khapus*
osQ eqgkojs dks izR;{k djosQ fn[kk nsrAs

liuksa osQ&ls fnu

25

ijarq gsMekLVj 'kekZ th mlosQ fcyoqQy myV LoHkko osQ FksA og ikpoha vkSj vkBoha Js.kh
dks vaxzskh Lo;a i<+k;k djrs FksA gekjs esa ls fdlh dks Hkh ;kn u Fkk fd ikpoha Js.kh esa dHkh
Hkh mUgsa] fdlh xyrh osQ dkj.k fdlh dh ^peM+h m/sM+rs* ns[kk ;k lquk gksA (peM+h m/sM+uk
gekjs fy, fcyoqQy ,slk 'kCn Fkk tSls gekjs ^ljdkjh fefMy LowQy* dk ukeA) vfkd ls vfkd
og xqLls esa cgqr tYnh&tYnh vk[ksa >idrs] vius yacs gkFk dh mYVh mxfy;ksa ls ,d ^pir*
gekjh xky ij ekj nsrs rks esjs tSls lcls dekksj 'kjhj okys Hkh flj >qdkdj eqqg uhpk fd,
gl nsrsA og pir rks tSls gesa HkkbZ Hkh[ks dh uedhu ikiM+h tSlh eksnkj yxrh tks rc iSls dh
'kk;n nks vk tk;k djrhaA
ijarq rc Hkh LowQy gekjs fy, ,slh txg u Fkh tgk [kq'kh ls Hkkxs tk,A igyh dPph
Js.kh ls ysdj pkSFkh Js.kh rd] osQoy ikp&lkr yM+dksa dks
NksM+ ge lHkh jksrs fpYykrs gh LowQy tk;k djrsA
ijarq dHkh&dHkh ,slh lHkh fLFkfr;ksa osQ jgrs LowQy vPNk
Hkh yxus yxrkA tc LdkmVx dk vH;kl djokrs le; ihVh
lkgc uhyh&ihyh >afM;k gkFkksa esa idM+kdj ou Vw Fkzh dgrs]
>afM;k mQij&uhps] nk,&ck, djokrs rks gok esa ygjkrh vkSj

26

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iQM+iQM+krh >afM;ksa osQ lkFk [kkdh ofnZ;ksa rFkk xys esa nksjaxs :eky yVdk, vH;kl fd;k djrsA
ge dksbZ xyrh u djrs rks og viuh pedhyh vk[ksa gyosQ ls >idkrs dgrs'kkck'kA oSy
fcfxu vxsuou] Vw] Fkzh] Fkzh] Vw] ou! mudh ,d 'kkck'k ,sls yxus yxrh tSls geus fdlh I+kQkSt
osQ lHkh rexs thr fy, gksaA dHkh ;gh ,d 'kkck'k] lHkh ekLVjksa dh vksj ls] gekjh lHkh dkfi;ksa
ij lky Hkj dh fy[kh ^xqaksa* (xqM dk cgqopu) ls vf/d ewY;oku yxus yxrhA dHkh ,slk
Hkh yxrk fd dbZ lky dh l[r esgur ls izkIr dh i<+kbZ ls Hkh ihVh lkfgc osQ fMflfIyu
esa jgdj izkIr dh ^xqMfoy* cgqr cM+h FkhA ijarq ;g Hkh ,glkl jgrk fd tSls xq#}kjs dk HkkbZ
th dFkk djrs le; crk;k djrk fd lfrxqj7 osQ Hk; ls gh izse tkxrk gS] ,sls gh ihVh lkgc
osQ izfr gekjh izse dh Hkkouk tx tkrhA (;g ,slk Hkh gS fd vkidks jksk iQVdkjus okyk dksbZ
^viuk* ;fn lky Hkj osQ ckn ,d ckj ^'kkck'k* dg ns rks ;g peRdkj&lk yxus yxrk gSgekjh
n'kk Hkh oqQN ,slh gqvk djrhA)
gj o"kZ vxyh Js.kh eas izos'k djrs le; eq>s iqjkuh iqLrosaQ feyk djrhaA gekjs gsMekLVj 'kekZ
th ,d yM+osQ dks mlosQ ?kj tkdj i<+k;k djrs FksA os kuk<~; yksx FksA mudk yM+dk eq>ls
,d&nks lky cM+k gksus osQ dkj.k esjs ls ,d Js.kh vkxs jgkA gj lky vizSy esa tc i<+kbZ dk
u;k lky vkjaHk gksrk rks 'kekZ th mldh ,d lky iqjkuh iqLrosaQ ys vkrsA gekjs ?kj esa fdlh
dks Hkh i<+kbZ esa fnypLih u FkhA ;fn u;h fdrkcsa ykuh iM+rha (tks rc ,d&nks #i;s esa vk
tk;k djrha) rks 'kk;n blh cgkus i<+kbZ rhljh&pkSFkh Js.kh esa gh NwV tkrhA dksbZ lkr lky LowQy
esa jgk rks ,d dkj.k iqjkuh fdrkcsa fey tkuk Hkh FkkA dkfi;ksa] iSaflyksa] gksYMj ;k L;kgh&nokr
esa Hkh eqf'dy ls ,d&nks #i;s lky Hkj esa [kpZ gqvk djrsA ijarq ml kekus esa ,d #i;k Hkh
cgqr cM+h ^jde* gqvk djrh FkhA ,d #i;s esa ,d lsj ?kh vk;k djrk vkSj nks #i;s dh ,d
eu (Pkkyhl lsj) xaneA blh dkj.k] [kkrs&ihrs ?kjksa osQ yM+osQ gh LowQy tk;k djrsA gekjs nks
ifjokjksa esa eSa igyk yM+dk Fkk tks LowQy tkus yxk FkkA
ijarq fdlh Hkh u;h Js.kh esa tkus dk ,slk pko dHkh Hkh eglwl ugha gqvk ftldk fkozQ oqQN
yM+osQ fd;k djrsA vthc ckr Fkh fd eq>s u;h dkfi;kas vkSj iqjkuh iqLrdksa esa ls ,slh xak vkus
yxrh fd eu cgqr mnkl gksus yxrk FkkA bldk Bhd&Bhd dkj.k rks dHkh le> esa ugha vk;k
ijarq ftruh Hkh euksfoKku dh tkudkjh gS] bl v#fp dk dkj.k ;gh le> esa vk;k fd vkxs
dh Js.kh dh oqQN eqf'dy i<+kbZ vkSj u, ekLVjksa dh ekj&ihV dk Hk; gh dgha Hkhrj tedj
7- lrxq#

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27

cSB x;k FkkA lHkh rks u, u gksrs Fks ijarq nks&rhu gj lky gh og gksrs tksfd NksVh Js.kh esa ugha
i<+krs FksA oqQN ,slh Hkh Hkkouk Fkh fd vfkd v;kid ,d lky esa ,slh vis{kk djus yxrs
fd tSls ge ^gjiQuekSyk8* gks x, gksaA ;fn mudh vk'kkvksa ij iwjs ugha gks ikrs rks oqQN rks tSls
^peM+h mksM+ nsus dks rS;kj jgrs* bUgha oqQN dkj.kksa ls osQoy fdrkcksa&dkfi;ksa dh xak ls gh ugha]
ckgj osQ cM+s xsV ls nl&ianzg xt nwj LowQy osQ dejksa rd jkLrs osQ nksuksa vksj tks vfyvkj osQ
>kM+ mxs Fks mudh xak Hkh eu mnkl dj fn;k djrhA
ijarq LowQy ,d&nks dkj.kksa ls vPNk Hkh yxus yxk FkkA ekLVj izhrepan tc ge LdkmVksa
dks ijsM djokrs rks ysV&jkbV dh vkokk ;k eqg esa yh fly ls ekpZ djk;k djrsA fiQj jkbV
VuZ ;k ysV VuZ ;k vckmQV VuZ dgus ij NksVs&NksVs cwVksa dh ,fM+;ksa ij nk,&ck, ;k ,dne
ihNs eqM+dj cwVkasa dh Bd&Bd djrs vdM+dj pyrs rks yxrk tSls ge fo|kFkhZ ugha] cgqr
egoiw.kZ ^vkneh* gksaI+kQkSth tokuA
nwljs fo'o&;q dk le; Fkk] ijarq gekjh ukHkk fj;klr dk jktk vaxzskksa us 1923 esa fxj+ rkj
dj fy;k Fkk vkSj rfeyukMq esa dksMk,osQuky eas gh] tax 'kq: gksus ls igys mldk nsgkar gks x;k
FkkA ml jktk dk csVk] dgrs Fks vHkh foyk;r esa i<+ jgk FkkA blfy, gekjs nslh fj;klr esa Hkh
vaxzsk dh gh pyrh Fkh fiQj Hkh jktk osQ u jgrs] vaxzsk gekjh fj;klr osQ xkoksa ls ^tcju9*
Hkjrh ugha dj ik;k FkkA yksxksa dks I+kQkSt esa Hkjrh djus osQ fy, tc oqQN viQlj vkrs rks muosQ
lkFk oqQN ukSVadh okys Hkh gqvk djrsA os jkr dks [kqys eSnku esa 'kkfe;kus yxkdj yksxksa dks I+kQkSt
osQ lq[k&vkjke] cgknqjh osQ n`'; fn[kkdj vkdf"kZr fd;k djrsA mudk ,d xkuk vHkh Hkh ;kn
gSA oqQN el[kjs] vthc lh ofnZ;k igus vkSj vPNs] cM+s I+kQkSth cwV igus xk;k djrs
Hkjrh gks tk js jax:V
Hkjrh gks tk js--vBs10 feys lSa VwVs yhrj11
mBS12 feySans cwV]
Hkjrh gks tk js]
gks tk js jax:VA
vBs igu lS iQVs iqjk.ks
mBS feysaxs lwV
8- ikjaxr@fo}ku@gj iQu (fo|k) esa ekfgj 9- cyiwod
Z @kcjnLrh 10- ;gk 11- VwVs gq, iqjkus [kLrkgky twrs 12- ogk

28

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Hkjrh gks tk js]

gks tk js jax:V
bUgha ckrksa ls vkdf"kZr gks oqQN ukStoku Hkjrh osQ fy, rS;kj gks tk;k djrsA
dHkh&dHkh gesa Hkh eglwl gksrk fd ge Hkh Ik+ QkSth tokuksa ls de ughaA kksch dh kqyh onhZ vkSj
ikfy'k fd, cwV vkSj tqjkcksa dks igus tc ge LdkmfVax dh ijsM djrs rks yxrk ge Ik+ QkSth gh gSAa
ekLVj izhrepan dks LowQy osQ le; esa dHkh Hkh geus eqldjkrs ;k glrs u ns[kk FkkA mudk
fBxuk dn] nqcyk&iryk ijarq xBhyk 'kjhj] ekrk osQ nkxksa ls Hkjk psgjk vkSj ckt&lh rsk vk[ksa]
[kkdh onhZ] peM+s osQ pkSM+s iatksa okys cwVlHkh oqQN gh Hk;Hkhr djus okyk gqvk djrkA muosQ
cwVksa dh mQph ,fM+;ksa osQ uhps Hkh [kqfj;k yxh jgrha] tSls rkxs osQ ?kksM+s osQ iSjksa esa yxh jgrh
gSaA vxys fgLls esa] iatksa osQ uhps eksVs fljksa okys dhy BqosQ gksrsA ;fn og l[r txg ij Hkh
pyrs rks [kqfj;ksa vkSj dhyksa osQ fu'kku ogk Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrsA ge ;ku ls ns[krs] brus cM+s vkSj
Hkkjh&Hkkjh cwV iguus osQ ckotwn muosQ V[kuksa esa dgha eksp rd ugha vkrh FkhA (mudks ns[kdj
ge ;fn ?kjokyksa ls cwVksa dh ekx djrs rks ek&cki ;gh dgrs fd V[kus Vs<+s gks tk,xs] lkjh mej
lhks u py ikvksxsA)
ekLVj izhrepan ls gekjk Mjuk rks LokHkkfod Fkk] ijarq ge muls uI+kQjr Hkh djrs FksA dkj.k
rks mldk ekjihV FkkA ge lHkh dks (tks esjh mej osQ gSa) og fnu ugha Hkwy ik;k ftl fnu
og gesa pkSFkh Js.kh esa I+kQkjlh i<+kus yxs FksA gesa mnwZ dk rks rhljh Js.kh rd vPNk vH;kl gks
x;k Fkk ijarq I+kQkjlh rks vaxzskh ls Hkh eqf'dy FkhA vHkh gesa i<+rs ,d lIrkg Hkh u gqvk gksxk
fd izhrepan us gesa ,d 'kCn&:i ;kn djus dks dgk vkSj vkns'k fn;k fd dy blh ?kaVh esa
kckuh lqusaxsA ge lHkh ?kj ykSVdj] jkr nsj rd mlh 'kCn&:i dks ckj&ckj ;kn djrs jgs ijarq
osQoy nks&rhu gh yM+osQ Fks ftUgsa vkkh ;k oqQN vfkd 'kCn&:i ;kn gks ik;kA nwljs fnu
ckjh&ckjh lcdks lqukus osQ fy, dgk rks ,d Hkh yM+dk u lquk ik;kA rHkh ekLVj th xqjkZ,lHkh
dku idM+ksA
geus >qddj Vkxksa osQ ihNs ls ckgsa fudkydj dku idM+s rks og xqLls ls ph[ksihB
mQph djksA
ihB mQph djosQ dku idM+us ls] rhu&pkj feuV eaas gh Vkxksa esa tyu gksus yxrh FkhA esjs tSls
dekksj rks Vkxkas osQ Fkdus ls dku idM+s gq, gh fxj iM+rAs tc rd esjh vkSj gjcal dh ckjh vkbZ
rc rd gsMekLVj 'kekZ th vius n+rj esa vk pqoQs FksA tc gesa ltk nh tk jgh Fkh rks mlosQ oqQN

liuksa osQ&ls fnu

le; igys 'kekZ th] LowQy dh iwjc dh vksj

cus ljdkjh gLirky eaas MkDVj diyk'k ls
feyus x, FksA og n+rj osQ lkeus dh vksj
pys vk,A vkrs gh tks oqQN mUgksua s ns[kk og
lgu ugha dj ik,A 'kk;n ;g igyk volj
Fkk fd og ihVh izhrepan
dh ml ccZjrk dks lgu u
dj ik,A cgqr mksftr gks
x, FksA
kV vkj ;w Mwbx] bt
bV nk os Vw ifu'k nk LVwMVas l
~
vkiQ iQksFkZ Dykl\ LVki bV
,sV oUlA
gesa rc vaxsz kh ugha vkrh
Fkh] D;kafs d ml le; ikpoha
Js.kh ls vaxsz kh i<+kuh 'kq:
dh tkrh FkhA ijarq gekjs LowQy osQ lkroha&vkBoha Js.kh osQ
yM+dksa us crk;k Fkk fd 'kekZ th us dgk FkkD;k djrs gS\a D;k
pkSFkh Js.kh dks ltk nsus dk ;g <ax gS\ bls iQkSju can djksA
'kekZ th xqLls ls dkirs cjkens ls gh vius n+rj esa pys
x, FksA
fiQj tc izhrepan dbZ fnu LowQy ugha vk, rks ;g ckr
lHkh ekLVjksa dh kqcku ij Fkh fd gsMekLVj 'kekZ th us mUgsa
eqvky13 djosQ viuh vksj ls vkns'k fy[kdj] eatwjh osQ
fy, gekjh fj;klr dh jktkkuh] ukHkk Hkst fn;k gSA ogk
gjthyky uke osQ ^egdek,&rkyhe14* osQ Mk;jsDVj Fks ftuls
,sls vkns'k dh eatwjh vko';d FkhA
13- fuyafcr 14- f'k{kk foHkkx

29

30

lap;u

ml fnu osQ ckn ;g irk gksrs gq, Hkh fd ihVh izhrepan dks tc rd ukHkk ls Mk;jsDVj
^cgky* ugha djsxa s rc rd og LowQy esa dne ugha j[k ldrs] tc Hkh Ik+ Qkjlh dh ?kaVh ctrh
rks gekjh Nkrh ko~Q&ko~Q djrh iQVus dks vkrhA ijarq tc rd 'kekZ th Lo;a ;k ekLVj ukSgfj;k
jke th dejs esa Ik+ Qkjlh i<+kus u vk tkrs] gekjs psgjs eq>kZ, jgrsA
fiQj dbZ lIrkg rd ihVh ekLVj LowQy ugha vk,A irk pyk fd ckkkj esa ,d nqdku osQ mQij
mUgksua s tks NksVh&NksVh f[kM+fd;ksa okyk pkSckjk fdjk, ij ys j[kk Fkk] ogha vkjke ls jg jgs FksA oqQN
lkroha&vkBoha osQ fo|kFkhZ gesa crk;k djrs fd mUgsa eqvky gksus dh jkh Hkj Hkh prk ugha FkhA
igys dh rjg gh vkjke ls itjs esa j[ks nks rksrksa dks fnu esa dbZ ckj] fHkxksdj j[ks cknkeksa dh
fxfj;ksa dk fNydk mrkjdj mUgsa f[kykrs muls ckrsa djrs jgrs gSAa muosQ os rksrs geus Hkh dbZ ckj
ns[ks FksA (ge mu cM+s yM+dksa osQ lkFk muosQ pkSckjs esa x, Fks tks yM+oQs ihVh lkgc osQ vkns'k ij
muosQ ?kj dk dke djus tk;k djrs) ijarq gekjs fy, ;g peRdkj gh Fkk fd tks izhrepan fcYyk
ekj&ekjdj gekjh peM+h rd mksM+ nsrs og vius rksrksa ls ehBh&ehBh ckrsa oSQls dj ysrs Fks\ D;k
rksrksa dks mudh ngdrh] Hkwjh vk[kksa ls Hk; u yxrk FkkA
gekjh le> esa ,slh ckrsa rc ugha vk ikrh Fkha] cl ,d rjg bUgsa vykSfdd gh ekurs FksA

cks/&iz'u
1- dksbZ Hkh Hkk"kk vkilh O;ogkj esa ck/k ugha curhikB osQ fdl va'k ls ;g fl gksrk gS\
2- ihVh lkgc dh ^'kkck'k* I+kQkSt osQ rexksa&lh D;ksa yxrh Fkh\ Li"V dhft,A
3- u;h Js.kh esa tkus vkSj u;h dkfi;ksa vkSj iqjkuh fdrkcksa ls vkrh fo'ks"k xa/ ls ys[kd dk ckyeu D;ksa mnkl
gks mBrk Fkk\
4- LdkmV ijsM djrs le; ys[kd vius dks egoiw.kZ ^vkneh* I+kQkSth toku D;ksa le>us yxrk Fkk\
5- gsMekLVj 'kekZ th us ihVh lkgc dks D;ksa eqvky dj fn;k\
6- ys[kd osQ vuqlkj mUgsa LowQy [kq'kh ls Hkkxs tkus dh txg u yxus ij Hkh dc vkSj D;ksa mUgsa LowQy tkuk vPNk
yxus yxk\
7- ys[kd vius Nk=k thou esa LowQy ls Nqf^;ksa esa feys dke dks iwjk djus osQ fy, D;k&D;k ;kstuk, cuk;k djrk
Fkk vkSj mls iwjk u dj ikus dh fLFkfr esa fdldh Hkkfr ^cgknqj* cuus dh dYiuk fd;k djrk Fkk\
8- ikB esa of.kZr ?kVukvksa osQ vk/kj ij ihVh lj dh pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A

liuksa osQ&ls fnu

31

9- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vuq'kklu esa j[kus osQ fy, ikB esa viukbZ xbZ ;qfDr;ksa vkSj orZeku esa Loho`Qr ekU;rkvksa osQ laca/
esa vius fopkj izdV dhft,A
10- cpiu dh ;knsa eu dks xqnxqnkus okyh gksrh gSa fo'ks"kdj LowQyh fnuksa dhA vius vc rd osQ LowQyh thou dh
[k^h&ehBh ;knksa dks fyf[k,A
11- izk;% vfHkHkkod cPpksa dks [ksy&owQn esa ;knk #fp ysus ij jksdrs gSa vkSj le; cjckn u djus dh ulhgr
nsrs gSaA crkb,
(d) [ksy vkiosQ fy, D;ksa k:jh gSa\
([k) vki dkS u ls ,s l s fu;e&dk;nks a dks viuk, x s ftlls vfHkHkkodks a dks vkios Q [ks y ij vkifk
u gks \