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GCSE Rivers Revision - The Middle Course

The middle course of a river has a broader flow and more sediment load than the upper course. The river valley floor is flat with gentle slopes and the river exhibits meandering patterns. As the river meanders, erosion occurs on the outside bend while deposition happens on the inside, causing the meander loops to migrate downstream over time and enlarge the floodplain area. Meanders change position through lateral erosion and shifting deposition, building up the valley floor and river cliffs along the edge over periods of migration.

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199 views

GCSE Rivers Revision - The Middle Course

The middle course of a river has a broader flow and more sediment load than the upper course. The river valley floor is flat with gentle slopes and the river exhibits meandering patterns. As the river meanders, erosion occurs on the outside bend while deposition happens on the inside, causing the meander loops to migrate downstream over time and enlarge the floodplain area. Meanders change position through lateral erosion and shifting deposition, building up the valley floor and river cliffs along the edge over periods of migration.

Uploaded by

cwnorani
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/14/13

GCSE Rivers Revision - The Middle Course

GCSE Revision - Rivers - The Middle Course


The Main Features The river has a greater discharge than the upper course The river has a greater sediment load The valley has a broad, flat floor (flood plain) bordered by gentle slopes called bluffs Meanders are the main feature here As the river enters the middle course the gradient of the river becomes less steep. Lateral erosion becomes more important and the river starts to meander. A meander is a bend in a river as is shown opposite. As the water flows round the bend the flow is fastest on the outside of the bend where the river is deeper. Here the river erodes the outside bank of the river and undercuts it to form a River Cliff. On the inside of the bend the river is slow flowing and shallow. This causes deposition to take place and a slip off slope or point bar is formed. In fact the meander is caused by hydrocoidal flow and the water travels around the meander like a corkscrew - so if you have been on the ride at Alton Towers you now know what a small pebble feels like as it travels through a meander! Meander Migration This is where meanders move downstream. As the river continues to erode on the outside of the bend and deposit on the inside meanders continually change their position. As you can see from the diagram below, they help to form the flood plain and the ways they do this are: The meanders have got wider due to erosion on the outside of the bends The meanders have moved or migrated downstream A line of river cliffs has formed along the edge of the valley floor Deposition on the slip off slopes has built up alluvium (deposits) on the valley floor As the meanders get wider so does the valley floor or flood plain

www.sln.org.uk/geography/schools/blythebridge/GCSERiversRevisionMC.htm

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12/14/13

GCSE Rivers Revision - The Middle Course

Links - Revision DVD - The Tees Common Questions Describe and explain the main features of a river meander Draw a cross section of a River meander and label it Explain how meanders migrate downstream

www.sln.org.uk/geography/schools/blythebridge/GCSERiversRevisionMC.htm

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