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Black Body Distribution Function and Emissivity: S W Mcknight C A Dimarzio

This document discusses blackbody distribution functions and emissivity. It explains that blackbody distribution functions describe the spectral and angular distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a blackbody in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature. It also discusses that emissivity refers to the efficiency of radiation emission of real materials compared to ideal blackbodies, and is less than or equal to 1. Emissivity is related to absorptivity based on the principle of detailed balance, which states that objects in thermal equilibrium must absorb as much radiation as they emit.

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Anthonio MJ
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20 views

Black Body Distribution Function and Emissivity: S W Mcknight C A Dimarzio

This document discusses blackbody distribution functions and emissivity. It explains that blackbody distribution functions describe the spectral and angular distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a blackbody in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature. It also discusses that emissivity refers to the efficiency of radiation emission of real materials compared to ideal blackbodies, and is less than or equal to 1. Emissivity is related to absorptivity based on the principle of detailed balance, which states that objects in thermal equilibrium must absorb as much radiation as they emit.

Uploaded by

Anthonio MJ
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Black Body Distribution Function and Emissivity

S W McKnight C A DiMarzio

Blackbody Distribution Function


10
4

10

T=6000 K

M (W cm-2 -1)

10

10

-2

10

-4

10

-1

10

10 Wavelength ()

10

Meaning of Distribution Function


How much energy is emitted at =550 nm?
=550.0? =550.000000000?

Me, d = energy emitted between and +d per unit area Me, = dNe, / d where Ne, is energy emitted for wavelengths less than

Effect of Emissivity

1 =1 blackbody <1 greybody

Radiative Thermal Equilibrium


Greybody in thermal equilibrium with enclosure

T1

T2

Thermal Equilibrium T1 = T2

Relation between Emissivity and Absorption: A(, T)

For optically thick sample, A=1-R (R=reflectivity)

Detailed Balance
Greybody in thermal equilibrium with enclosure

T1

T2

Wavelength selective filter

Detailed Balance
Second Law of Thermodynamics implies that T1 must remain equal to T2
(Cannot create heat gradient without applying work)

At each wavelength: (, T) = A (, T) Same argument applies to non-normal incidence: (, , T) = A (, , T) For optically dense object:
(, , T) = 1 - R(, , T)

Emissivity of Materials
Highly reflective materials are low emissive materials
(Reflective materials in visible are not necessarily reflective in IR)

Vacuum thermos bottles are coated with reflective metal So why are house radiators painted silver?
To look nice?

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