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Development

1. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cell division called cleavage to form a solid ball of cells called a morula. 2. The morula develops into a blastula containing an inner cell mass and fluid-filled cavity. It then forms into a gastrula with three germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. 3. These germ layers differentiate into specific tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis as development continues.

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Rendy Firmansyah
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23 views

Development

1. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cell division called cleavage to form a solid ball of cells called a morula. 2. The morula develops into a blastula containing an inner cell mass and fluid-filled cavity. It then forms into a gastrula with three germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. 3. These germ layers differentiate into specific tissues and organs through the process of organogenesis as development continues.

Uploaded by

Rendy Firmansyah
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim: What happens after fertilization?

Do Now: Describe the process of fertilization. A sperm enters an ovum, and the nuclei combine to form one with 46 chromosomes.
This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.com Please visit for 100s more free powerpoints

Fertilization: Four Major Steps


1. Sperm contacts the egg 2. Sperm or its nucleus enters the egg 3. Egg becomes activated and developmental changes begin 4. Sperm and egg nuclei fuse

Fuse- to physically join together Ovum egg cell (female gamete) Cleavage process of cell division during development Differentiation the process of forming different kinds of cells from similar cells of the early embryo Embryo an organism in an early stage of development Morula solid ball of cells formed from cleavage

Words to know

Fertilization

The Nuclei Fuse Together

What happens now?


Development of the zygote, the study of which is known as embryology or developmental biology. The zygote undergoes a series of mitotic cell divisions called cleavage. The stages of development are:

Cleavage (divide via mitosis) forms the 2 cell stage

They split again to form the 4 cell stage

And again to form the 8 cell stage

And eventually form a Morula

Next it becomes a blastula

And next, a gastrula

The Regents Diagram

1. Sperm and ovum 2. Zygote (fertilized ovum) 3. 2-cell stage 4. 4-cell stage 5. Morula 6. Blastula 7. Gastrula

Aim: What happens after cleavage begins?


Do now: How does a single celled zygote become a gastrula?

Differentiation (Organogenesis) Organogenesis is the formation of the

organs (Organo = organs, genesis = creation) Arises from the layering of cells that occurs during gastrula stage The layers are germ layers; they have specific fates in the developing embryo:
Endoderm
The innermost layer Goes on to form the gut

Mesoderm
In the middle Goes on to form the muscles, circulatory system, blood and many different organs

Ectoderm

Late Gastrula
Endoderm Ectoderm

Mesoderm

Differentiation of Primary Germ Layers (from the gastrula)


Ectoderm Mesoder m Nervous Skeleton system Epidermis Muscles of skin Circulator Endoder m Digestive tract Respirator y system Liver,

Early Human Development Summary


Meiosis makes sperm in males and ovum in females Sperm and ovum unite nuclei to form a zygote Zygote undergoes cleavage and becomes gastrula with 3 germ layers

Human Prenatal Development


Gestation lasts 266 days from fertilization to birth Development begins in the oviduct
About 24 hours after fertilization, the zygote has divided to form a 2-celled embryo The embryo passes down the oviduct by cilia and peristalsis The zona pellucida has dissolved by the 5th day, when the embryo enters the uterus The embryo floats free for several days, nourished by fluids from glands in the

Implantation
The embryo implants in the wall of the uterus on about the 7th day of development

12-day Human Embryo

Where does this all take place?

The Placenta
The placenta is the site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange Secretes hormones that maintain pregnancy
Trophoblast cells release human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which signals the corpus luteum to enlarge and produce progesterone

The placenta develops from the embryonic chorion and maternal uterine tissue Chorionic villi are formed from the

Development of the Placenta

Human Fetus at Ten Weeks

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