CRITICAL REASONING

DIRECTIONS for questions 1 to 5: Each question has a set of sequentially ordered statements. Each statement can be classified as one of the following: Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are open to discovery or verification( the answer option indicates such a statement with a F). Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an I). Judgements, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations and occurrences in the past, the present and the future (the answer option indicates such a statement with a J). 1) A. In terms of income, as in terms of economic power, there exists in almost all developed countries, an inequality pyramid, which all the recent income expansions have not leveled out. B. A majority of the large personal spending has been on horse and dog races, alcohol, clothes, jewellery and the like. C. This spending on high-end items appears not only at the top, but even in the middle rungs of the pyramid. D. The capitalistic each man to himself philosophy is clearly to blame for this phenomenon. 1] FFFJ 2] FFFI 3] IFJJ 4] IFFJ 5] FJJJ A. Satellite television has irrevocably sounded the death-knell of any hopes of good programmes for children. B. Of the dozens of channels on satellite TV, only some show programmes for children at any given time. C. And most of these have violent computer-generated animation of exploding bazooka shells dismembering bad guys, or snarling warlords from distant galaxies threatening to annihilate the earth. D. The censor board should ban all programmes which encourage violence in children, especially those produced by Western TV station. 1] JIFF 2] IFFJ 3] JFFJ 4] JIIJ 5] FFJI A. Earlier the government tried to address the concern of its key ally, the Left, on the Indo-US nuclear deal by proposing a committee of experts and Left members to review its implications. B. Government sources say that, while a committee to study the Hyde Act can be set up, negotiations with the IAEA and NSG countries cannot be put on hold. C. At the other end of the political spectrum, theres been a further hardening of stance. D. The opposition NDA has hit out at the Congress and the Left, accusing them of making the nuclear deal a family matter between them, and has demanded a parliamentary committee on the deal. 1] FFJJ 2] FFFF 3] IFJF 4] JFFF 5] FJFJ A. If we ever hope to crack the grammar and syntax of political theology, it seems we will have to begin with ourselves. B. The history of political theology in the West is an instructive story, and it did not end with the birth of modern science, or the Enlightenment, or the American and French revolutions, or any other definitive historical moment. th C. Political theology was a presence in Western intellectual life well into the 20 century, by which time it had shed the mind-set of the Middle Ages and found modern reasons for seeking political inspiration in the Bible. D. At first, this modern political theology expressed a seemingly enlightened outlook and was welcomed by those who wished liberal democracy well. 1] JFFF 2] IJFJ 3] IFIF 4] JFFI 5] FFFF A. There is a clear trend of mainframes and minicomputers giving way to ubiquitous PCs. B. The changing trend in the field of mainframes and minicomputers is expected to bring some messages about the roles of the technologists managing the information within organizations. C. In the next 10 years, the corporate computer executives will become completely obsolete and useless. D. Changes in the business world, and technologys role in it, demand that the information technology professionals assume new and changed roles. 1] IIIJ 2] FIJF 3] FIIF 4] JIFJ 5] JFIF DIRECTIONS for questions 6 to 8: Given below are pairs of events A and B. Read both the events A and B to decide their nature of relationship. Assume that the information given in A and B is true. Mark the answer as 1) if A is the effect and B is its immediate and principal cause. 2) if A is the immediate and principal cause and B is its effect. 3) if A is the effect but B is not its immediate and principal cause. 4) if B is the effect but A is not its immediate and principal cause.

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Event A: The Kerala state government has set up an emergency medical team to deal with the mysterious fever. Event B: A mysterious fever outbreak in Kerala killed 90 people this month. Event A: The traffic cops have been equipped with a sophisticated instrument, with which the cops can book a case based on video graphic evidence. Event B: Motorists in the city will be more cautious. Event A: T.V. images of atrocities against children, by home servants created fear among mothers. Event B: Working mothers, whose children are being looked after by home servants, have resigned their jobs. DIRECTIONS for questions 9 to 12: Each question given below is followed by two arguments numbered I and II. Indicate which of the arguments is strong and which is weak. Mark your answer as 1) if only I is strong. 2) if only II is strong. 3) if neither I nor II is strong. 4) if both I and II are strong. 5) if either I or II is strong

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Statement: Should dictionaries give meanings of the words which are treated to be unparliamentary? Arguments: I. Yes, it helps to identify the words that are unparliamentary. II. No, children, who refer to the dictionary, learn these words.

10) Statement: Should conducting marriages only in the registrars office instead of traditional marriages, be made mandatory in order to reduce wasteful expenditure of money? Arguments: I. Yes, registration makes a marriage legal. II. Yes, registered marriages require little money. 11) Statement: Should every building be painted green to offset the effect of lack of trees? Arguments: I. No, it looks ugly. II. No, green paint does not give the same effect as green leaves. 12) Statement: Reservation in the education sector is not a welcome measure proposed by the government. Arguments: I. No, private education institutions that are accruing huge profits and owning no responsibilities, feel no obligation to the downtrodden. II. No, reservation in the education sector would give adequate opportunities to the downtrodden to get good education. 13) Most corn in the Honolulu now contains a gene, transplanted from a bacterium that gives the corn the ability to repel insects. Although millions of Honolulu people happily gorge it down each day, Russians have been adamant in their dislike of such genetically modified foods. For two years, the Russians have neglected to approve a single new product. Last weeks 456 to 49 vote by the Russian authorities to set new regulations for genetically modified crops is the first step in the effort to put them on the dining table. From the paragraph, we can infer that: A) The Russian authorities now agree with Honoluluan views on genetically modified food. B) Genetically modified crops will soon replace natural strains in Russia. C) Russians have become more open to changing their food habits. D) Honoluluans have accepted genetically modified foods as part of their diet. E) Reversing Russian attitudes wont be easy. 14) An increasing need-based interactivity between higher educational institutions & industries has taken learning to a new plane in recent years. The evident increase in the number of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) signed between institutions & industry leaders, indicates that campus-industry collaboration has become an integral part of

higher education in todays context. It is mutually beneficial because industries benefit by using students innovative ideas & students, on the other hand, get to use industries infrastructure & gain exposure. Which of the following, if true, would damage the conclusion the most? A) Much industrial information & equipment is inaccessible to students. B) Innovation in industrial operations requires sophisticated knowledge & experience. C) Participation in industrial operations involves tasks that students are already familiar with. D) The ideas given by the students regarding industrial operations are rarely accepted by the managing bodies who prefer running the company as per their traditional methods. E) All of the above. 15) Recently credit card companies have come under attack by consumer groups who argue that the interest rates charged by these companies are extremely high. In fact the rates are generally several percentage points above those charged by banks for ordinary personal loans. But consumer groups overlook the fact that credit cards afford the user great flexibility. A user can purchase an item while it is on sale. So the lower cost of the item off sets the extra cost of the credit. The argument above makes which of the following assumptions? A) The cost savings of buying an item at a reduced price are at least equal to the excess interest that a consumer pays on purchases made with a credit card. B) A credit card application is not rejected unless the applicant has a long history of late payments and other credit problems. C) The prices of items on sale purchased by consumers are still sufficiently high to enable sellers to recoup their costs and make a modest profit. D) The consumers who make purchase of sale items with credit cards are persons who might not qualify for bank loans with a lower interest rate. E) All the consumers grumble the extra cost of the credit. 16) Directions for the question: From the following words, identify the words that will make a relationship similar to the first pair. A) EMBARGO : COMMERCE :: QUARANTINE : a) Crud b) Microbe c) Contagion d) Emphysema e) Catarrh B) a) b) c) d) HYDROCEPHALUS : CHOLECYSTECTOMY :: Atheroscelerosis : Angioplasty Hepatic neoplasms : Hepatectomy Rheumatoid arthritis : Arthroplasty Hernia : Tracheotomy

Directions for questions17 to 19: The following questions have a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way. 17) China has invested a massive amount in strengthening teaching and research in universities during the last decade. The Chinese scenario in the education sector was bleak till1980.The Cultural Revolution had debilitated an entire generation. There were no teachers and research productivity was close to nil. ____________ 1) Today however, the Chinese performance is truly impressive. 2) Today however, the Chinese performance is showing signs of revival. 3) Today however, the Chinese universities are forging ahead in the area of research. 4) Today however, the Chinese wish to invest in research as much as in education. 18) Banks going global are exposed to currency risks. Banks with a global standing participate actively in forex markets to take positions or speculate on the direction of foreign currencies. While the successful managed float by the RBI has so far insulated domestic banks from external shocks on home turf, the same cannot hold their global business.__________________ 1) Risk management is thus crucial for domestic banks. 2) Risk management is thus becoming increasingly significant for global banks. 3) Risk management thus assumes paramount importance among the policies of RBI. 4) Risk management thus assumes great significance for global banks.

19) Energy is a necessary evil. Its necessity arises from the role it plays in human sustenance, human development and economic growth. The darker side of energy includes the environmental, social, often political, problems associated with it. Many of the environmental problems that are faced now are the consequences of production and utilization of energy in an unsustainable manner. ___________ 1) Today energy and environment are two sides of the same coin. 2) Today there is a need to produce energy without its attendant problems. 3) Today there are several clean-energy options available. 4) Today consumption of energy is the prime indicator of the economic status of a country. Directions for question 20: Four alternative summaries are given below each text. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text. 20) The leadership in a democratic polity is necessarily very mindful of the politics mood, especially in the wake of a terrorist strike when emotions get predictably inflamed. The media bring into drawing rooms images of brutalized bodies, stirring up anger and asking for retribution. The opposition is always ready to accused the incumbent government of being soft on terror , weak-kneed, confused, and the simply incompetent in protecting the citizens from armed marauders .So when the terrorist strike, a democratic government is often left with no other options but to appease the public mood of outrage by adhering to their demands . 1) When there is a terrorist attack the public emotions are raised. Media and the opposition confuse the public as they try to project the government as being incompetent. The democratic leader has to adhere to the public demands to prove that his government is efficient. 2) The democratic government is always conscious of the public mood which is easily flared up due to the comments made by the opposition and the media. It, therefore, complies with these public moods and adheres to the demands of the people. 3) During any terrorist attack, the media and the opposition project an undesirable picture of the ruling democratic government. The emotions of the public are raised. As a result, the government, which is mindful of their moods, complies with their demands in order to pacify them. 4) The democratic government is conscious of the varying moods of the public & acts accordingly. It is aware that the media & the opposition are always ready to flare things up, particularly during terrorist attacks, and should know how to handle such situations diplomatically.