DEPARTMENT OF ECE

QUESTION BANK
Subject Code :141304 Subject Name: Analog and Digital Communication Year/Sem:II/III

UNIT I
!A"T A #$ %A"KS&
1. As related to AM, what is over modulation, under modulation and 100% modulation? 2. Define modulation index of an AM signal 3. A transmitter radiates 9 ! without modulation and 10.12" ! after modulation. Determine de#th of modulation. $. Define the transmission effi%ien%& of AM signal. ". Draw the #hasor diagram of AM signal. '. Advantages of ((). *. Disadvantages of D()+,-. .. !hat are the advantages of su#erhetrod&ne re%eiver? 9. Distinguish /etween low level and high level modulator. 10. 0ive the #arameters of re%eiver. 11. Define sensitivit& and sele%tivit&. 12. Define fidelit&. 13. !hat is meant /& image fre1uen%&? 1$. 2eed for modulation. 1". A##li%ation of AM. 1'. !hat is meant /& diagonal %li##ing and negative #ea %li##ing? 1*. Define envelo#e. 1.. Distinguish /etween linear and non linear modulator. 19. !hat are the limitations of AM 20. Draw the envelo#e of AM 21. Differentiate #hase modulation and fre1uen%& modulation. 22. !hen a signal m3t4 5 3 %os 32# x 103t 4 modulates a %arrier %3t4 5 " %os 3# x 10't4, find the modulation index and transmission /andwidth if the modulationisAM. 23. !hat do &ou mean /& narrow/and and wide/and ,M? 2$. 0ive the fre1uen%& s#e%trum of narrow/and ,M? 2" Define fre1uen%& deviation in ,M? 2' state -arson6s rule of ,M /andwidth? 2* Differentiate /etween narrow /and and wide/and ,M.? 2. !hat are the advantages of ,M.? 29 Define 7M. 30 what is meant /& indire%t ,M generation? 31 Draw the #hasor diagram of narrow /and ,M. 32 !rite the ex#ression for the s#e%trum of a single tone ,M signal. 33 Define modulation index of ,M and 7M. 3$ Differentiate /etween #hase and fre1uen%& modulation. 3" A %arrier of fre1uen%& 100 M89 is fre1uen%& modulated /& a signal x3t4520sin 3' 3200:x103 t 4. !hat is the /andwidth of the ,M signal if the fre1uen%& sensitivit& of themodulator is 2" ;89 #er volt?

3* !hat is the /andwidth re1uired for an ,M wave in whi%h the modulating fre1uen%& signal is 2 ;89 and the maximum fre1uen%& deviation is 12 ;89? 3. Determine and draw the instantaneous fre1uen%& of a wave having a total #hase angle given /& <3t45 2000t =sin10t.

!A"T B #1' %A"KS&

1.3i4 What is the principle of Amplitude modulation? Derive expression for the AM wave and draw its spectrum. (8)
(ii) Describe the frequency analysis of Angle modulated waves. Explain their Bandwidth requirements. (8) 2) (i) A modulating signal of 2 cos5000t is amplitude modulated over a carrier signal of 5cos20000t . Derive expressions for the modulation index, LSB and VSB frequencies, Bandwidth and the ratio of Side Band Power in the Total Power of AM wave. (8) (ii) Explain the principle of Angle Modulation. Derive and explain phase deviation, Modulation index, frequency deviation and percent modulation. (8)

34 (i) Write short notes on :

(1) AM voltage distribution. (4) (2) AM power distribution. (4) (ii) An audio frequency signal 10 sin 23.14 500t is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of 50 sin 5*3.14*10^5 t. Calculate (1) Modulation index (2) (2) Side band frequencies (2) (3) BW required (2) (4) Total power delivered to the load of 600 _. (2) 4) (i) Compare FM and AM. (12) (ii) The phase deviation constant in a phase modulation system is K = 0.01 rad/v. Calculate the maximum phase deviation when a modulating signal of 10 V is applied? (4) 5) In angle modulation, explain frequency deviation, percent modulation, phase deviation and modulation index with suitable example. 6) (i) Derive the expression for a Amplitude Modulated wave and draw its spectrum. (10) (ii) Obtain a relationship between carrier and side band powers in an AM DSBFC wave and explain how power distribution takes place in AM DSB FC system. (6) 7) (i) Define modulation index for FM and PM and obtain the relation between modulation index and modulating signal for FM and PM.

(ii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of angle modulation with amplitude modulation.

.4 3i4 Distinguish /etween FM and PM by giving its mathematical analysis. (8) (ii) Derive the relationship between the voltage amplitudes of the side band frequencies and the carrier and draw the frequency spectrum. (8)
9) In an AM modulator, 500 KHz carrier of amplitude 20 V is modulated by 10 KHz modulating signal which causes a change in the output wave of 7.5 V . Determine : (1) Upper and lower side band frequencies (2) Modulation Index (3) Peak amplitude of upper and lower side frequency (4) Maximum and minimum amplitudes of envelope

UNIT II
!A"T ( A #$ %A"KS& 1. Differentiate %oherent and non %oherent digital modulation methods
2. !hat is %orrelative %oding? 3. -om#are /andwidth of Mar& 7(; signal And Mar& ,(; signal $. ( et%h the waveform of 7(; for /inar& se1uen%e 1100101. ". Differentiate >7(; and )7(;. '. Differentiate A(; and ,(;. *. !hat are the t&#e of digital data format. .. Define minimum (hift e&ing. 9. Define Duo/inar& en%oding 10.Define D7(;. 11 What are the advantages of QPSK? 12 Define Nyquist sampling theorem. 13 Define information capacity and bit rate. 14. Draw PWM and PPM waveforms. 15. What is the relation between bit rate and baud for a FSK system? 16. What are the advantages of digital transmission? 17. Define ASK, PSK and FSK. 18. What is meant by antipodal signal and give one example? 19. Why is ASK called as ON-OFF keying? 20. What are the differences between QASK and QPSK?

!A"T ( B #1' %A"KS& 1. 3i4 Draw FSK Transmitter and explain. Describe its Bandwidth Considerations. (8)

(ii) For a BPSK modulator with a Carrier frequency of 70 MHz and an input bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine the maximum and minimum upper and lower side frequencies, draw the output spectrum, determine the minimum Nyquist bandwidth, and calculate the baud (Assume f= 5MHz) 2) (i) Draw and explain the operations of Non-coherent and coherent FSK modulators. (8) (ii) Draw QPSK modulator and explain. Describe its Bandwidth considerations. (8)

3) (i) Explain the principle of FSK transmitter and receiver. (10) (ii) Write short notes on the spectrum and bandwidth of FSK. (6) 4) (i) Compare the various types of digital modulation techniques. (8) (ii) Explain the eyepattern in base band digital transmission with a neat diagram. (8) 5) Describe FSK transmitter and FSK receiver. 6) Explain in detail carrier recovery with a suitable block diagram.

7) (i) Describe with neat diagram, the operation of a QPSK modulator. Draw its phasor and constellation diagram. (10) (ii) Explain the bandwidth considerations of QPSK system. (6)

8) What is carrier recovery? Discuss how carrier recovery is achieved by the squaring loop and Costas loop circuits. (16)

9) Draw the block diagram of FSK receiver and explain the operation. Determine the : (i) peak frequency deviation (ii) minimum bandwidth (iii) baud for FSK signal with a mark frequency of 49 kHz, space frequency of 51 kHz, and input bit rate of 2 kbps. 10) Draw the block diagram of QPSK modulator and explain its operation. For QPSK modulator, construct the truth table, phasor diagram and constellation diagram. 11) What is known as Binary phase shift keying? Discuss in detail the BPSK transmitter and Receiver and also obtain the minimum double sided Nyquist bandwidth. 12) (i) Illustrate the concept of 8 QAM transmitter with the truth table. (8) (ii) What is the need for carrier Recovery? Explain the Costas loop method of carrier recovery. (8)

UNIT III
!A"T ( A #$ %A"KS& 1. (tate sam#ling theorem.
2. !hat is aliasing? 3. 8ow to avoid aliasing effe%t. $. Define e&e #attern. ". Define 7AM. '. -onstru%t 2?@ and ?@ format for 011010. *. Define ada#tive e1uali9ation. ..Define A(A. 9.Define 2&1uist -riteria. 10.!hat is the inter#retation o/tained from e&e #attern? 11. Define Nyquist sampling theorem.

12. For the signal m (t) = 3 cos 500 3.14t + 4 sin 1000*3.14 t , Determine the Nyquist sampling rate. 13. Draw PWM and PPM waveforms. 14. Draw the Eye pattern and indicate how ISI is measured from it. 15. What are the advantages of digital transmission? 16. Define companding. 17. Define dynamic range. 18. Determine the Nyquist sample rate for a maximum analog input frequency of (a) 4 KHz (b) 10 KHz. 19. Distinguish between DM and ADM.

!A"T (B #1' %A"KS& 1. (tate and #rove (am#ling theorem.

2. Bx#lain various data formats with %lear exam#le. 3. !hat is e&e #attern. !hat are the inter#retations o/tained from it? $. !rite notes on Anters&m/ol Anterferen%e. ". Bx#lain in detail the 2&1uist %riterion for distortionless transmission of /ase/and 7AM signal '. !rite notes on ada#tive e1uali9ation. *. (i) Describe in detail the PCM technique with focus on its sampling rate, and signal to quantization Noise ratio. (8) (ii) What is ISI? Explain the applications of eye pattern to detect ISI. (8)
8. (i) With a block diagram, explain the adaptive Delta Modulation technique. (8) (ii) What is DPCM? Explain its principle with neat block diagram. (8) 9. (i) Explain the elements of PCM system with a neat block diagram. (12) (ii) What is companding? (4) 10 (i) Find the signal amplitude for minimum quantization error in a delta modulation system if step size is 1 volt having repetition period 1 ms. The information signal operates at 100 Hz. (ii) Describe the operation of DPCM system with a relevant diagram.(12) 11. For a PCM system with the following parameters, determine (i) Minimum sampling rate (ii) Minimum number of bits used in the PCM code (iii) Resolution and (iv) Quantization error Maximum analog input frequency = 4 KHz Maximum decoded voltage at the receiver = 2.55 V Minimum dynamic range = 46 dB. 12. Describe DPCM transmitter and receiver with suitable block diagram.

13. (i) Draw the block diagram of a PCM transmitter and explain the function of each block. (6) (ii) What are the types of sampling? Explain the operation of the sample and hold circuit. (10) 14. Draw the block diagram and describe the operation of a delta modulator. What are its advantages and disadvantages compared to a PCM system? (16) 15. What is companding? Explain analog companding process with the help of block diagram. 16. How does delta modulation differ from PCM? Explain delta modulation transmitter with the help of a block diagram. 17. (i) Explain in detail the Delta modulation transmitter and Receiver. (10) (ii) Discuss the draw backs of delta modulation and explain the significance of adaptive delta modulator. (6)

UNIT )
!A"T ( A #$ %A"KS&
1. Define #seudo noise se1uen%e. 2. Define s#read s#e%trum te%hni1ue 3. Differentiate (low and fast ,8 (( te%hni1ue. $. Differentiate CDMA and ,DMA. ". Define #ro%essing gain for D( (( te%hni1ue '. !hat are the advantages of (#read (#e%trum te%hni1ues? *. Differentiate D( D(( and ,8+((. .. Define #ro%essing gain for ,8 (( te%hni1ue 9. !hat are the disadvantages of D( (( te%hni1ues? 10. !hat are the advantages of ,8 (( te%hni1ues? 11. What are the applications of spread spectrum modulation? 12. Design processing gain in spread spectrum modulation. 13. Define effective jamming power and processing. 14. What is the principle of frequency hopping spread spectrum? 15. A spread spectrum communication system has the following parameters;information bit duration Tb = 4.095 ms, PN chip duration Tc = 1 ms. Determine Processing Gain. 16. What is meant by slow frequency hopping and fast-frequency hopping? 17. What is frequency hopping? 18. What is meant by an orthogonal code? 19. Define Pseudonoise sequence? 20. What are the different types of multiple access techniques? 21. What is the significance of PN sequence? 22. What are the types of FH spread spectrum technique?

!A"T (B #1' %A"KS&

1. Bx#lain in detail the transmitter and re%eiver of D( (( te%hni1ue. 2. Bx#lain in detail the transmitter and re%eiver of ,8 (( te%hni1ue. 3. Bx#lain in detail the %hara%teristi%s of 72 se1uen%e

$. Bx#lain the two %ommon multi#le a%%ess te%hni1ue for wireless %ommuni%ation. ". Differentiate dire%t se1uen%e and fre1uen%& ho# s#read s#e%trum te%hni1ue '. -om#are and %ontrast CDMA and -DMA te%hni1ues. *. (i) Draw the circuit of a P-N sequence generator and explain. (8) (ii) Describe the concept of FHSS in detail. (8)
8. (i) Explain the principle of DSSS with coherent binary PSK. (8) (ii) Compare between the TDMA and CDMA wireless communication systems. 9. (i) Write a short note on frequency hop spread spectrum. (10) (ii) Explain the applications of spread spectrum techniques. (6) 10. (i) Give a detail account of the different types of multiple access techniques. (10) (ii) Compare TDMA and CDMA. (6) 11. Discuss the frequency HOP spread spectrum with suitable block diagram. 12. Explain the source coding of speech for wireless communications. 13. (i) What is a PN sequence.? Explain its important properties. (8) (ii) Describe with block diagram, DS SS binary PSK spread spectrum system. (8) 14. (i) Describe the operation of a CDMA multiplexing system. (10) (ii) List the advantages of CDMA over TDMA multiple access scheme.(6) 15. With the help of block diagram explain how DSSS can be implemented. Draw the input and output waveforms. 16 Explain the frequency hopped spread spectrum with a block diagram. How PN sequences are generated? 17.(i) What is a Pseudo noise sequence? What are the properties of Pseudo noise sequence? (8) (ii) Describe the application of CDMA in Wireless communication system. (8) 18. (i) With a block diagram explain, DS spread spectrum with coherent binary PSK. (10) (ii) Explain the near-far problem in spread spectrum modulation? (6)