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Tutorial - 3: Q-M Method, VEM Method

The document discusses using the Q-M method and Venn diagramming (VEM) method to simplify Boolean functions. It provides step-by-step worked examples of applying these methods to reduce functions with multiple variables into essential prime implicants. The Q-M method example breaks down a 16-variable function into 5 essential prime implicants, and the VEM method reduces a 6-variable function into a single essential prime implicant.

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Shreyash Sill
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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6 views

Tutorial - 3: Q-M Method, VEM Method

The document discusses using the Q-M method and Venn diagramming (VEM) method to simplify Boolean functions. It provides step-by-step worked examples of applying these methods to reduce functions with multiple variables into essential prime implicants. The Q-M method example breaks down a 16-variable function into 5 essential prime implicants, and the VEM method reduces a 6-variable function into a single essential prime implicant.

Uploaded by

Shreyash Sill
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial -3

Q-M Method, VEM Method

Q1
Simplify

Z(a,b,c,d,e,f) =
(9,11,13,15,25,27,29,31,41,43,45,47,57,59,61,63)
Using VEM Method after reducing to 4 - variables

Solution.

o/p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

S1. Contd..

o/p
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

S1. Contd..

o/p
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0

S1. Contd..

o/p
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

S1.Contd

o/p
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

S1. Contd

o/p
0
1
0
1

S1.Contd
AB CD 00

01

100
00

0
4

01

F
15

F
9

13

10

12

11

11

14

F
11

10

Z = CF

Q2.

Reduce
z = f(a,b,c,d,e)

(1,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20,21,22,23,26,27)

Using Q-M method

10

Soln.

Step 1.
Arrange minterms in increasing order groups
according to the no. of 1s present in them.

11

Soln.
Group

Min

10

12

18

20

11

13

12

Gr Min
.

14

19

21

22

26

15

23

27

Soln.

Step 2
Combine terms in adjacent groups

13

Soln.
Group

Min

1,3

__

1,5

__

4,5

__

4,6

__

4,12

__

4,20

__

3,7

__

3,11

__

3,19

__

5,7

__

5,13

__

5,21

__

14

Grou
p

Min

6,7

__

6,14

__

6,22

__

10,11

__

10,14

__

10,26

__

12,13

__

12,14

__

18,19

__

18,22

__

18,26

__

20,21

__

Soln.

15

Group

Min

20,22

__

7,15

__

7,23

__

11,15

__

11,27

__

13,15

__

14,15

__

19,23

__

19,27

__

21,23

__

22,23

__

26,27

__

Soln.

Combine the adjacent groups again

16

Soln.
Group Minterms

E
1

1,3,5,7

__ __

4,5,6,7

__ __

4,5,12,13

__

__

4,5,20,21

__

__

4,6,12,14

__

__

4,6,20,22

__

__

3,7,11,15

__ __

3,7,19,23

__

__

3,7,19,27

__ __

5,7,13,15

__

__

5,7,21,23

__

__

6,7,14,15

__

__

17

Group Minterms

6,7,22,23

__

__

10,11,14,1
5

__

__

10,11,26,2 __
7

__

12,13,14,1
5

__ __

18,19,22,2
3

__

__

18,19,26,2
7

__

__

20,21,22,2
3

__ __

Soln.

18

Group

Minterms

4,5,6,7,12,13,14,
15

__

__

__

4,5,6,7,20,21,22,
23

__

__

__

Soln.

Identify prime implicants

They cant be combined any more


They are not redundant

PIs
{1,3,5,7} abe , {3,7,11,15} ade , {3,7,19,23}bde,
{3,11,19,27} cde, {10,11,26,27}bcd,
{10,11,14,15}abd
{18,19,26,27}acd, {4,5,6,7,20,21,22,23} bc
{4,5,6,7,12,13,14,15}, ac
19

Next level
1 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27

1,3,5,7

XX

3,7,11,15

3,7,19,23

3,11,19,27

X
X

10,11,26,27

X X

10,11,14,15

X X

X X
X X

18,19,26,27

X X
XXX X

XXX X

4,5,6,7,20,21,22,2
3

20

X
X X

18,19,22,23

4,5,6,7,12,13,14,1

X X
X X

X X X X
X X X X

Essential Prime implicants

EPI are the ones that cover just one term

1,3,5,7
4,5,6,7,12,13,14,15
4,5,6,7,20,21,22,23

-- abe
-- ac
-- bc

Remove all the columns the EPIs have covered (each column is a
minterm)

21

Reduced Prime implicant table


10 11 18 19

3,7,11,15

X
X

3,7,19,23
3,11,19,27

10,11,26,27

X X

10,11,14,15

X X

X
X X

18,19,22,23

X X

18,19,26,27

X X

22

26 27

X X

Dominant Prime implicants

Search for Dominant Prime Implicants in the reduced PI


table

A prime implicant is dominant when

P1 contains all of the minterms found in P2.


The number of literals in P1 is less than or equal to the number of
literals in P2.

Remove the Non dominant ones

23

Contd
10 11 18 19 20 26 27

3,7,11,15

X
X

3,7,19,23
3,11,19,27

10,11,26,27

X X

10,11,14,15

X X

X X

18,19,22,23

X X

18,19,26,27

X X

24

X X

Conclusion

Essential and Dominant Prime implicants together

1,3,5,7
4,5,6,7,12,13,14,15
4,5,6,7,20,21,22,23
10,11,26,27
18,19,26,27

-- abe

-- ac
-- bc
-- bcd
-- acd

Z = abe + ac + bc + bcd + acd

25

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