Mark M k Tw wain n Sc cienc ce F Fair Han ndbo ook and d Pla anning Guide 201 13-1 14

Fo ollow these e simp ple st teps f for a s super sc cience e proj ject by b a su uper s scient tist YO OU!! (n name) __ _____ _____ ____ _

Mark Twain Science Fair Information All 3rd, 4th and 5th grade students are required to participate in the Mark Twain science fair. Students may work individually or in groups of no more than 3 students. Students within a group must be from the same classroom. This handbook has been provided to assist students through the process of completing a science fair project. A timeline is also included to help with time management and provide due dates for certain steps of the process. The projects will be judged at the classroom level. Three projects from each class will enter the school science fair and be judged by volunteers from the community. Display board materials will be sold in the student store in the mornings before class. It is usually less expensive to buy them here than at a retail store Adults are welcome to help and consult, an adult is needed to provide supervision during experiments. Adult involvement should be limited to a supporting role; the project is for and about student learning.

If you have questions, please see one of the Science Fair Coordinators: Ms. Reese ([email protected]), Mrs. Daniel ([email protected]), Mrs. Zirczy ([email protected]), or Mrs. Gee.( [email protected])

This handbook has been adapted from the 2008 4th Grade Science Fair Preparation Packet of Cornelius Science and Engineering Academy written by 4th grade teacher, Linda Halliman, and an online packet by Linda Holt. Wed like to thank her for sharing her work.

Science Fair Rules and Regulations

-OrWhat is inside this packet and where to find it:

Table of Contents

Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13

Science Fair Timeline and due dates So what is the Scientific Method? Step 1: Coming up with a good question Whats this about a logbook? Step 2: Research and Bibliography Step 3: Writing your Hypothesis Steps 4 through 7: Testing the Hypothesis Time Out: How do you collect DATA?? Steps 8 through 10: Results and Conclusions Step 11: A Stunning Display What are we looking for? (or) The Scoring Rubric Helpful Internet Resources Removable Project Proposal Form

Page 14 Page 15 Page 16

Science Fair Rules and Regulations 1. The project must be the work of the student registered for the fair. 2. Each student should develop a project plan before the experiment is started. A plan must be written on the Project Plan Proposal and Safety Form found on the final page. The completed form must be turned in and approved by the classroom teacher. (If students are part of a group each individual should turn one in) 3. All projects must be conducted under adult supervision. 4. All projects must follow the steps of the experimental design process found in this handbook. 5. Exhibits should be confined to a space not to exceed 25 cm (10 inches) deep, front to back; 114 cm (45 inches) wide, side to side; and 81 cm (32 inches) high, floor to top. The maximum height for the display itself is 46 cm (32 inches). Boards will be available in the school store. 6. The scientific and technical community throughout the world uses the metric system (International System of Units-SI). Students are STRONGLY encouraged to use this system of measurement for the science fair. 7. Projects involving cell cultures, bacteria or mold and those using dangerous chemicals are not appropriate for this age group and are not permitted. Human surveys do not readily fit into the experimental design and therefore are not accepted. Approval will not be given for projects where the intent is to harm a living animal. When working with animals, it is not acceptable to study deficiencies such as starvation, withholding of water, etc. 8. The rubric that will be used by the judges to score each project can be found at the end of this handbook.

9. A project logbook is required for each student. This should include raw data, procedures, observations and reflections recorded each time the student works on the project. This can be in the form of a notebook, a folder with notebook paper, or pages stapled together. If you have questions Mrs. Gee can help you with this portion.
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Mark Twain Science Fair Timeline 2013-2014

The following steps to completing a science fair project can be found in this handbook. We hope that this timeline will assist you in managing your time.

Steps of Experimental Design

Complete Step 1: Coming up with a Good Question Begin Logbook Complete Step 2: Doing the Research and Writing the Bibliography Complete Step 3: Writing the Hypothesis

Recommended Checkpoints

Project Proposal Form Due Date

Complete Steps 4-6: Gather your Materials, Write a Procedure, Identify your Variables Complete Steps 7-8: Do Multiple Trials, Record Data (Graph), and Results Complete Step 9: Conclusion Complete Logbook Complete Backboard

January7, 2014

Project Due Date

Class Presentations Selection of top 3 projects from each class School Science Fair Judging Science Fair Open House

February 21, 2014

T The Scien S ntific c Met thod

(aka a Experim mental De esign; aka a Scientif fic Inquir ry Cycle; a aka Steps s Scient tists follo ow to test t a question)

entific In nquiry int tegrated with PY YP Key Concepts Scie

Scientific Met thod Prob blem Hypothesis Mate erial Proc cedure & Lab L Safety Data a Conc clusion IB Prim mary Years s Program ms Key Co oncepts form, fun nction change, causation, perspectiv ve form form, fun nction, res sponsibility y form, fun nction All 8 - fo orm, functi ion, chang ge, causatio on, connecti ion, perspe ective, resp ponsibility, , reflection n

Step 1: Coming up with a Good Question

Choose a topic within your interests. Next, write a question or identify a problem within that topic. You can practice by filling in the following question blanks with the list of words below:

What is the effect of _______________ on ____________________?

sunlight eye color brands of soda temperature oil the growth of plants pupil dilation a piece of meat the size of a balloon the surface of a ramp

The Effect Question:

How does the ___________________ affect ___________________?

color of light humidity color of a material the growth of plants the growth of fungi its absorption of heat

The How Question:

Which/What _________________ (verb) ______________________?

paper towel foods detergent paper towel peanut butter is do makes is tastes most absorbent meal worms prefer the most bubbles strongest the best

The Which/What and Verb Question

Now its your turn:

Create your Science Fair problem/question using either the Effect Question, the How Question or the Which/What and Verb Question. If you are having trouble there are some very good ideas and resources I the list of websites on pg 14. Record your problem/question in your

At this time you will need to make sure you have a journal to record EVERYTHING you do with your project. You can use a spiral notebook, a journal, a folder or make your own with construction paper and notebook paper. The important thing is that you have a place to report your steps as you go through the scientific process. This can be handwritten as neatly as possible or typed. It must reflect your own thoughts and ideas.

project logbook

The Science Fair Logbook

The Science Fair LOGBOOK is the most important component of your science fair project. The LOGBOOK is a daily diary of ALL project activities from start to finish. The rule to a complete and valid LOGBOOK is ALWAYS WRITE EVERYTHING YOU DO IN YOUR LOGBOOK. Please note you CANNOT use whiteout nor should you have pen/pencil erasing and scribble outs in the logbook. Mistakes and mark outs show your thinking and learning. If you are writing in your LOGBOOK and you make a mistake or you need to make a correction, line through the mistake, and rewrite what you intended to write. If you have questions Mrs. Gee is available to help.
EXAMPLE: black (write correction over the corrected word)
black

The horse is blck and white.

The logbook must be neatly done. NO EXCEPTIONS

What Should be in the Science Fair Logbook? (Format your logbook in a way that makes sense to you, the lead scientist on this project. Here are some things that a complete logbook should include, in no particular order.) 1. The LOGBOOK should document your day-by-day activity with dates such as: 12/17 I picked a topic for the science fair 12/19 I came up with a question. My question is 01/07 I filled out and turned in my form 2. Project name on the front cover (write your name) 3. Project name on the 1st sheet of the LOGBOOK 4. Handwritten Introduction ( Introduce your Project) 5. Hand write your Problem Statement in the form of a Question 6. Hand write your Research Information ( one to two full pages) 7. Hand write your Hypothesis 8. Hand write a list of all Materials 9. Hand write a list of the Procedures of this investigation 10. Hand write Variables List all CONTROLLED Variables, your MANIPULATED variable, and your RESPONDING Variable 11. DRAW your Data Charts and Graphs On this page you must show where you tested your data three (3) or more times. Trial 1 , Trial 2, Trial 3, Trial 4, Trial 5 12. Hand write Results 13. Hand write the Conclusion - Was your hypothesis supported or not supported. How can you change this experiment if you had to redo the investigation and how does it connect to the real world? 14. Hand write a list of your three research references- Bibliography 15. A sketch of your Science Fair Backboard

Completed

Step 2: Doing the Research on your Topic And Writing the Bibliography
It is time to research your problem. Becoming an expert in a topic is what real scientists do in real labs. So, how do you become an expert? YOU READ! READ about your topic. READ encyclopedias. READ magazine articles and books from the library. READ articles from the Internet. Take notes of any new science words you learn and use them. Keep track of all the books and articles you read. Youll need to make a list of every book, article and website that was used for research. YOU DISCUSS! Talk about it with your parents, teachers and experts. Sometimes websites will give you e-mail addresses to experts who can answer questions. Do not write to anyone on the Internet without adult supervision. For safety reasons, you should never give information about yourself online. Research: My problem/question is about this topic: _________________ Examples of topics: magnetism, electricity, buoyancy, absorbency, taste, plant growth,

forces and motion. If you are having problems choosing a topic try sciencebuddies.org or ask an adult to help.

Use at least 3 references. In your logbook write down at least 3 note facts from each reference. Summarize with 5-10 important points that you learned about your topic. Document your references by writing a Bibliography
A bibliography is a record of the references that you use to research your project. Use the following information to credit your source in the correct format. Remember to list the bibliography information in alphabetical order.

Example of a BOOK in Bibliography Format: Black, Susan. The Life of George Gaylord Simpson, New York: Broadway Press, 1999. Example of a WEBSITE in Bibliography Format:
Andrew, Jim. Paleontologist. (Online) Available http://www.altavista.com , January 8, 2000.

Example of a PERSONAL INTERVIEW in Bibliography Format:

Thomas, Lewis. Personal interview. March 10, 2008.

Step 3: Writing the Hypothesis

It is time to PREDICT what will happen when you TEST your problem. This type of THINKING GUESS or PREDICTION is what scientists call a HYPOTHESIS. The hypothesis is based upon your research. A hypothesis contains two variables. One is "manipulated or independent" and the other is responding or "dependent." Manipulated/Independent variable- is what you change Responding/Dependent variable- is the change that you observe as a result of the manipulated variable. These are the results that are measured.

The hypothesis is often written in the IF, THEN, BECAUSE format. Suppose your PROBLEM/QUESTION was: How does a change in temperature affect the color of leaves?

This is how you write the hypothesis using the IF, THEN, BECAUSE format: SAMPLE HYPOTHESIS: IF leaf color change is related to temperature, THEN exposing plants to low temperatures will result in changes in leaf color BECAUSE the leaf is where plants make their food. Plants need the energy of the Sun to make food. When a plant makes food, the chlorophyll in the leaf of the plant keeps the leaf green. When a plant is exposed to LOW temperature this could mean the plant is not getting enough energy to make food. When the plant cannot make food the leaf will change a color other than green.
(This hypothesis not only predicts what will happen in the experiment, but also shows that research was used to back up the prediction.)

Now its your turn: In your logbook rewrite

your problem/question and formulate a hypothesis based on what you have researched. Problem: Hypothesis: IF THEN (will happen) BECAUSE (based on your research)

Now the Fun Part--Testing your Hypothesis

When designing your experiment, use your imagination to design a fair test for your problem. This experiment is meant to help support or disprove your hypothesis. As you conduct your experiment, take plenty of pictures. ** Photographs should not show faces of individuals.**

Step 4: Write a Procedure

A procedure is a list of steps taken to conduct an experiment. When writing each step, be very specific. The procedure is like writing a recipe for your favorite dish. If someone wants to repeat your experiment, they can follow the steps exactly.

In your logbook, list the steps of the experiment that you have planned.

Step 5: Gather your Materials

What will you need to perform your experiment?

List

all the materials you will use in your experiment in your logbook.

Step 6: Identify your Variables

The variables are any factors that can change in an experiment. In order to get accurate results, you should only test one variable. For example, if you want to test the effect that the amount of water has on plant growth, then all the plants you test should be treated exactly the same except for the amount of water given. The plants should all have the same type of dirt, be the same type of plant, live in the same location, be exposed to the same amount of sunlight, etc. These unchanged conditions are called Controlled/Constant Variables. The only variable you would change from plant to plant would be the amount of water each plant received (Manipulated or Independent Variable). The result of the test is the Responding or Dependent Variable. In this case, the amount each plant grew in centimeters is the dependent variable.

In your logbook, make a list of the things you will be sure to keep the
same (Controlled) the one thing you will change (Manipulated) and what you will measure (Responding).

Step 7: Do Multiple Trials and Record Data

TEST. TEST. TEST. Experiments need to be repeated at least three times in
order to test for accuracy. Results should be consistent. When you make your favorite recipe it should taste pretty much the same each time. Dont forget to take pictures.

Collect your DATA. This means write down or record the results of the
experiment every time you test it. You also need to organize your data in a way that it is easy to read the results. Scientists use tables, graphs and other organizers to show their results. Graphic organizers such as these make it easier to read your results and to recognize patterns.

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Time out t: How Do D You Co ollect Da ata?!!?

Use e your project logbook k/notebook: In your jo ournal you c can record o observations s, collec ct research h, draw and diagram pi ictures and jot down a any addition nal question ns you might m have for f later. Hav ve the righ ht tools to do the job b: Make su ure you have e the tools you need t to take accurate measuremen m nts like rul lers, meter r tapes, the ermometers s, graduate ed cylind ders or me easuring cup ps that mea asure volum me. The rec commended standard o of meas surement in n science is metric so keep your measureme ents in met ters, liters s, Celsi ius, grams, etc. Ta ables, chart ts and diag grams are ge enerally the e way a good d scientist like you would d keep track of your ex xperiment trials. t Reme mber you ar re testing a at least three e (3) times or more. A table is org ganized in Plant G Growth in cm 1 5 mL 20 m mL 25 mL 30mL colum mns and row ws and ALWA AYS has lab bels or w water water water water headings telling what the co olumns or ro ows 2cm 4cm m 5cm 2cm mean n. You will pr robably need a row for every Trial 1 time you did the e experimen nt and a colu umn 4cm 4.5cm m 4cm 5cm tellin ng what the manipulated variable was w (what Trial 2 you tested) t and the respond ding variabl le (the 3cm 3.5cm m 6cm 2cm Trial 3 resul lt that happ pened becau use of the manip pulated vari iable). In th his example they were testing the e effect of water on plant t growth. Be accurate and a neat! When W you ar re writing y your tables and charts please mak ke sure that you re ecord your data d in the correct column or row w, that you write neatly y, and most m of all that t you record your data d as soon n as you collect it SO Y YOU DONT FORG GET WHAT T HAPPENE ED!!!! Somet times an ex xperiment m might be har rd to explai in with just a table e, so if you have to draw and labe el a diagram m (or picture) to explai in what happened, it is recomm mended tha at you do. Be sure to make a chart in your logb ook and us se it durin ng your

experiment to rec cord what you obser rve.

Use e the right t graph for r your expe eriment. The ere are all types of gr raph designs s, but these t seem to be easy to use for science fai r experiments. Choosing the righ ht type of graph is important in expressin ng your data a. Pie e graphs ar re good to use u if you a are showing percentage es of groups s. than 100% and all the pieces nee Rem member that t you cant have more t ed to ad dd up to 100 0%. Bar graphs are good to t use if you y are co omparing amou unts because e the bars show s those amounts in an easy to re ead way. This way the judges j will be b able to t tell your resul lts at a glan nce. Usually, , the bars go g up and do own. The x ax xis (or horizontal axis) is where you label what is being g measured d, and the y axis (or r vertical axis) is labeled to show the unit being measur red (in this s case it would d be centimeters that the plant gr rew). Line graphs are a good to o use if you u are show ing how changes occurred in you ur experiments ove er time.

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.And now, back to the Experiment Steps

Step 8: Results - What happened in the experiment?

The result is a summary of your experiment. Analyze your data and simply state what happened.

Be sure to summarize your results in your

logbook

Step 9: Conclusion and Application What did you learn (and who cares)?
Write a Conclusion to tell us what happened. Was your hypothesis supported or not, how? Were you successful/How did it turn out? What would you change about the experiment? What else are you curious about now that youve completed this experiment? What changes would you make if you had to do this experiment over again? AndWHAT DID YOU LEARN FROM DOING THIS EXPERIMENT? Then, apply it: Write about how what your learned can be used in a real life situation. Why was your experiment important?

Be sure to write your conclusion and reflections in your logbook.

Step 10: The Display-Showing off all that hard work!
Your display board is kind of like an advertisement for all your hard work. So take our advice: BE NEAT!! The judges like to see a nice, easy to read display, that is typed or written neatly with easy to read graphs and tables and you guessed it. lots and lots of pictures!! (Did you remember to take pictures?)

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Step 11: A Stunning Display Putting the Back Board Together

Although the main focus of science fair is completion of a scientific experiment, there are other components that are essential, as well. One of the components is a proper display of your science fair investigation. You can find legal size file folders at office stores or the school store. 1. Type all information, so that it is very easy to read 2. Make your display eye-catching! 3. Display photos - Try to focus pictures on the items in your experiments such as organisms used or equipment, rather than people. 4. Use large letters for titles and headings. 5. Before gluing everything on your backboard, first lay the board down and arrange ALL the parts on the board. 6. Check for misspelled words and typos. 7. Your display board should be organized in a way that tells the story of your investigation.
This is an example of a neat looking Science Fair Display Board. It is just an example. Depending on your information and the amount pictures, tables and graphs, you may have a different layout. Just make sure it is neat.

EXAMPLE OF A DISPLAY BOARD

PROBLEM

PROCEDURES
RESEARCH Statement

How does a Change in Temperature

VARIABLES

HYPOTHESIS
Percen tage of V isib le S u gar Cube

How does a Change in Temperature Affects how Fast Sugar Melts?

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 Seconds 20 Seconds 30 Seconds 40 Seconds Hot Water Cold Water Warm Water

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

MATERIALS

Time Period that Sugar is in the Water

Afte r

3 REFERENCES

Logbook

Model

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MARK TWAIN SCIENCE FAIR SCORING SHEET Project Title ______________________________________________________________________________

Judging Rubric
IMPRESSIVE

Circle One
ADEQUATE MINIMAL NOT PRESENT

Clearly stated problem/question Clear & specific Hypothesis stated Thoroughly stated step by step procedures and materials list In depth report/research on science topic Measureable data that includes 3 or more trials Clearly Identified variables (manipulated, responding) and controls Effective analysis of data, clearly stated results (graphs, charts, tables) Conclusion stated and supported by results; relevant to Hypothesis Complete Logbook (all steps clearly documented during the project) Stated real life connections Three (3) or more resources cited in bibliography Demonstrated in depth understanding of the project through presentation/interview with use of related (grade level appropriate) vocabulary

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0

3 3 3 3 Present 2

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 Not present

0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL SCORE

Maximum = 35 Exemplary Level=30-35

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If you completed everything in this packet you probably have a terrific science fair project, and you are now a real scientist! Good Job! If you still need more ideas, here is a list websites that you can check out about science fair projects to give you even more ideas.
Websites
Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org/div/kidspace/projectguide/ Are you looking for some help with a science fair project? If so, then you have come to the right place. The IPL will guide you to a variety of web site resources, leading you through the necessary steps to successfully complete a science experiment. Discovery.com: Science Fair Central http://school.discovery.com/sciencefaircentral/ "Creative investigations into the real world." This site provides a complete guide to science fair projects. Check out the 'Handbook' which features information from Janice VanCleave, a popular author who provides everything you need to know for success. You can even send her a question about your project. Science Fair Idea Exchange http://www.halcyon.com/sciclub/cgipvt/scifair/guestbook.html This site has lists of science fair project ideas and a chance to share your ideas with others on the web! What Makes A Good Science Fair Project http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/Resources/Good_Proje ct.html A website from USC that gives a lot of good tips and ideas to think about regarding what makes a good science fair project. Advice for students as well as teachers and parents is included. Try Science http://tryscience.com Science resource for home that gives you labs to try and 400 helpful links all related to science The Yuckiest Site in the Internet http://yucky.kids.discovery.com/ Brought to you by Discovery Kids, this site gives you lots of ideas on how to do the messiest yuckiest experiments The Ultimate Science Fair Resource http://www.scifair.org/ A variety of resources and advice Science Fair Primer http://users.rcn.com/tedrowan/primer.html A site to help students get started and run a science fair project. Experimental Science Projects: An Introductory Level Guide http://www.isd77.k12.mn.us/resources/cf/SciProj Intro.html An excellent resource for students doing an experiment based science fair project. There are links on this page to a more advanced guide and an example of an actual experiment- based project. Science Buddies www.sciencebuddies.org A Resource for project ideas guidelines and a great Project idea wizard for those having trouble deciding what to do. Gateway to Educational Materials: Science Fair Projects http://members.ozemail.com.au/~macinnis/scifu n/projects.htm The Gateway to Educational Materials extensive and detailed step-by-step guide to doing a science fair project. Science Fair Project Guidebook http://www.energy.sc.gov/files/BestOfScienceFair ProjectGuidebook.pdf The State of South Carolina publishes a K-12 science fair guidebook. It can be viewed using Adobe Acrobat Reader. Cyber-Fair http://www.isd77.k12.mn.us/resources/cf/welcm e.html This site has one-sentence explanations of each part of a science fair. One of the steps described is presenting your project to judges. This may or may not be a part of your science fair. The site also has an explanation of what makes a good project and an explanation of how to come up with your own science fair project Mr. McLaren's Science Fair Survival Page http://www.ri.net/schools/East_Greenwich/Cole/s ciencefair.html Tips from Archie R. Cole Junior High school on what makes a good project. Neuroscience for Kids: Successful Science Fair Projects http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/fair.html Site made by Lynne Bleeker a former science teacher, science fair organizer, and judge. Gives a thorough and detailed description of the steps to a successful science fair project

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PROJECT PLAN PROPOSAL AND SAFETY FORM

(fill out, tear off, and give to your teacher)
Grade Level: __________ Teachers Name: _________________________

If an individual (1), group (2 or 3) project, provide the student(s) name(s). Students Name: _________________________________________ Students Name: _________________________________________ Students Name: _________________________________________

Title of Project:
_______________________________________________________________________ (5 words, 50 characters, maximum) QUESTION/PROBLEM: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ HYPOTHESIS (IfThen): ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ PROCEDURES; (Include, if applicable, safety measures, animal care measures, etc.) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ If experimentation is conducted off campus provide the name of adult supervisor: Name of Adult Supervisor: _________________________ I certify that I have reviewed the project plan prior to the beginning of the experiment and it does comply with the rules and regulations of HISD Science Fairs. Classroom Teacher _______________________________________________
Please Print

Classroom Teacher Signature: ______________________________ Date: ___________________________

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