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CASulnAMlCA





LaboraLory LxperlmenL 8eporL

ulS18l8uZlCnL ul 8LSSlCnL A11C8nC AL 8CllLC ALA8L nACA 0013"







SLudenL:
uavld lna 8rando
203001
uavld 8rando | 10/11/13
2
!" $%&'()*+&,(%
1hls laboraLory work focuses on comparlson beLween Lhe LheoreLlcal and experlmenLal resulLs
of an alrfoll, nACA 0013, sub[ecLed Lo an alrflow. 1he alrfoll has a chord of 100mm and was
placed ln relaLlon Lo Lhe alrflow Lo have an angle of aLLack of 10 degrees.
uue Lo Lhe facL LhaL Lhe alrfoll only had pressure porLs on one slde Lhe measuremenLs for Lhe
upper and lower surfaces were made by dlsposlng Lhe alrfoll ln symmeLrlcal angles of aLLack,
slnce Lhe alrfoll ls symmeLrlc. 1herefore Lhe daLa for Lhe lower surface was made by puLLlng
Lhe alrfoll Lo an angle of aLLack of -10 degrees, Lhus slmulaLlng LhaL parL of Lhe alrfoll when ln
10 degrees.
1he measuremenLs were made wlLh a serles of pressure gauges, whlch shows Lhe resulLs on an
lncllned bench wlLh Lhe resulLs belng ln mm of alcohol.

-" ./0('0&,+12 ,%&'()*+&,(%
1he nACA 0013 ls an alrfoll belonglng Lo Lhe four-dlglL's nACA alrfolls, whlch were creaLed Lo
descrlbe Lhe shape of alrfolls, developed by Lhe naLlonal Advlsory CommlLLee for
AeronauLlcs (nACA). 1he four-dlglL's nACA are deflned by:
llrsL dlglL descrlblng maxlmum camber as percenLage of Lhe chord,
Second dlglL descrlblng Lhe dlsLance of maxlmum camber from Lhe alrfoll leadlng edge
ln percenLage of Lhe chord,
LasL Lwo dlglLs descrlblng maxlmum Lhlckness of Lhe alrfoll as percenL of Lhe chord.

1he used relaLlons were as follows:
(1) !
!
!
!
!"#
!
!
!!
!"#
erfecL gas relaLlon"

(2) !
!
! ! !
!
!
!!
!

8elng:
!
!
- 1otol ptessote
! - 5totlc ltessote
! - Alt ueoslty
! - Alt 5peeJ



(3) ! ! !
!
! !
!
! ! ! !
!"#
! !! !"# !!

8elng:
!
!
- ltee 5tteom 5totlc ltessote
! - 5totlc ptessote tbe polot of lotetest
!
!"#
- Mooomettlc llolJ ueoslty
! - Mooomettlc flolJ belqbt ot polot of lotetest
!
!
- Mooomettlc flolJ belqbt fot ftee stteom
- locllootloo of tbe beocb



(4) !
!
!
! !
!
!!
!"
!
!"#
!!"# !!!
!
!

8elng:
!
!
- ltee stteom olt Jeoslty
!
!"#
- Mooomettlc llolJ ueoslty
!
!
- Mooomettlc flolJ belqbt fot ftee stteom (stotlc)
!
!"
- Mooomettlc flolJ belqbt fot ftee stteom (totol)
- locllootloo of tbe beocb



(3) !
!
!
!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! ! !
!
!
!
!

(6)
!
!
!
! ! ! !
!

8elng:
!" - ltessote coefflcleot
! - 5totlc ltessote ot tbe polot of lotetest
! - veloclty of tbe olt ot tbe polot of lotetest
!
!
- ltee 5tteom 5totlc ltessote
!
!
- ltee stteom Jeoslty
!
!
- ltee 5tteom veloclty

uavld 8rando | 10/11/13
3
3" 4560',70%&12 81&1 1%) 912+*21&,(%:
llrsL, amblenL condlLlons and experlmenL assembly daLa was Laken, as shown ln Lhe followlng
Lable:
AmblenL pressure 993 mbar 99300 a
AmblenL LemperaLure 18,1 C

! (angle of manomeLers) 30

Alcohol denslLy 783,1 kg/m
3
8 speclflc alr 287,038

sLaLlc LoLal
!
!
(10) 212 134 mm
!
!
(-10) 231 182 mm
Alr denslLy 1,188 kg/m
3
* colcoloteJ wltb ep. (1)
!
!
(10) 19,393 m/s
* colcoloteJ wltb ep. (4)
!
!
(-10) 17,823 m/s

1ab|e 1 - Amb|ent cond|t|ons and exper|ment assemb|y data

1he followlng Lable shows Lhe obLalned measured values and calculaLlons. lor Lhe calculaLlon
of ! ! !
!
eq.(3) was used. lor Lhe calculaLlon of !!
!
eq.(3) was used. lor Lhe calculaLlon of
!
!
!

eq.(6) was used.

x/c*100 x]c
h/mm
10
h/mm
-10
!
!
! !
10
!
!
! !
-10
! ! !
!

10
! ! !
!
-
10
!!
!

10
!!
!

-10
!
!
!
10
!
!
!

-10
~ 212 231
0 0 302 228 -90 3 -346,382 11,333 1,332 -0,061 1,397 0,969
2,3 0,023 371 188 -139 43 -612,296 163,389 2,741 -0,878 1,934 0,330
3 0,03 362 202 -130 29 -377,637 111,677 2,386 -0,392 1,894 0,639
10 0,1 324 216 -112 13 -431,303 37,764 1,931 -0,306 1,712 0,833
20 0,2 288 230 -76 1 -292,670 3,831 1,310 -0,020 1,320 0,990
30 0,3 271 233 -39 -4 -227,204 -13,404 1,017 0,082 1,420 1,040
40 0,4 266 237 -34 -6 -207,949 -23,103 0,931 0,122 1,390 1,039
30 0,3 247 239 -33 -8 -134,782 -30,807 0,603 0,163 1,266 1,079
60 0,6 238 239 -26 -8 -100,124 -30,807 0,448 0,163 1,203 1,079
70 0,7 230 239 -18 -8 -69,316 -30,807 0,310 0,163 1,143 1,079
80 0,8 221 233 -9 -4 -34,638 -13,404 0,133 0,082 1,073 1,040

1ab|e 2 - Measured quant|t|es and ca|cu|at|on resu|ts

1he obLalned values are deplcLed bellow ln Lhe form of Lwo graphs (shown ln Lhe followlng
page).
uavld 8rando | 10/11/13
4


I|gures 1 & 2 - Graph|cs show|ng the evo|ut|on of Cp and Stream Ve|oc|ty around the a|rfo||.
;" 8,:+*::,(%
As expecLed, a polnL of maxlmum sucLlon (mlnlmum Cp) ls vlslble on Lhe upper surface of Lhe
alrfoll, close Lo Lhe leadlng edge, whlch also corresponds Lo Lhe maxlmum veloclLy polnL. lrom
Lhen unLll x/c = 0.8 Cp lncreases, generaLlng an unfavourable pressure gradlenL along mosL of
Lhe surface, usually relaLed wlLh Lhe appearance of flow separaLlon (lf sLrong enough).
Cn Lhe boLLom surface of Lhe alrfoll Lhere's a pressure peak near Lhe leadlng edge, due Lo Lhe
lncldence angle (10) of Lhe flow, as was expecLed. veloclLy decreases unLll LhaL polnL and
sLarLs lncreaslng afLer Lhe peak, due Lo Lhe favourable pressure gradlenL lnsLalled on LhaL
surface.
LlfL wasn'L dlrecLly measured durlng Lhe experlmenL buL ls expecLed Lo be poslLlve due Lo Lhe
larger absoluLe values of Cp along Lhe Lop surface (negaLlve values) ln comparlson wlLh Lhe
smaller absoluLe values along Lhe boLLom surface (whlch are poslLlve - polnLlng upwards -
unLll x/c = 0.3).
ln concluslon, Lhe experlmenL was successful on showlng Lhe Lyplcal expecLed pressure
evoluLlon arround an alrfoll.
-1,000
-0,300
0,000
0,300
1,000
1,300
2,000
2,300
3,000
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
-

C

x]c
ressure d|str|bunon
-Cp along upper surface (10)
-Cp along bouom surface (-10)
0,000
0,300
1,000
1,300
2,000
2,300
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
V
]
V
~

x]c
Ve|oc|ty
veloclLy along upper surface (10)
veloclLy along bouom surface (-10)