Paraphilias, Gender Identity, and Sexual Dysfunctions

Prepared by: Russell Resti L. de Villa Kristina Fe L. Magtibay Rheamae Lalusin

Let us assume a sexual behavior is a psychological disorder if: - It causes harm to other people, or; - It causes an individual to experience persistent or recurrent distress or important areas of functioning.

When evaluating a given sexual behavior, the contest is extremely important, as are customs and mores, which change over time. Many attitudes and behaviors related to sex have changed in recent decades.

Paraphilia. Gender Identity Disorder and Sexual Dysfunctions

Para meaning abnormal and philia meaning attraction, Literally, Abnormal Attraction

Para meaning Faulty or Abnormal, and Philia meaning Attraction These are disorders in which an individual has recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors involving (1) Nonhuman objects, (2) Children or other nonconsenting persons and (3) suffering or humiliation of ones self or partner

Usually lasts for 6 months. Always thinking to carry out their unusual behavior. Overly obsessed that if the individual cannot get to their desired object, they get stressed. The individual will lose sight of other goals and concentrate of the fulfillment of their sexual desires if worse. It causes intense personal distress or impairment in social, work and other areas of life functioning. Except for Sexual Masochism, almost all cases of Paraphilia Involve MEN.

Telephone Scatologia- making obscene phone calls, such as describing ones masturbatory activity, threatening to rape the victim, or trying to find out the victims sexual activities. Necrophilia- deriving sexual gratification from viewing or having sexual contact with a corpse. Zoophilia- having sex with animals or having recurrent fantasies of sex with animals.

Coprophilia- deriving sexual pleasure from contact with feces. Klismaphilia- deriving sexual pleasure from the use of enemas. Urophilia- deriving sexual pleasure from contact with urine. Autagonistophilia- having sex in front of others. Somnaphilia- having sex with a sleeping person. Stigmatophilia- deriving sexual pleasure from skin piercing or a tattoo. Autonepiophilia- wearing diapers for sexual pleasure.

Paraphilias are not fleeting whims or daydreams about unusual sexual practices but are conditions that last at least 6 months.

Quoted from the book:

The most disturbing disorder you will study in this book

Pedophilia is where an adult (16 yrs. Above) has uncontrollable sexual urges to sexually immature children (13 below) Persists from months to even years.
Forms of sexual acts against children include kidnapping, sexual abuse, fondling, and penetration or intercourse.

Situational Molesters
Normal Sexual development and interest. But when stress

calls for it, they sometimes want to become sexual with a child

Preference Molesters
Pedophillic behavior is already ingrained in the individuals

lifestyle, clear preference for children, esp. Boys, and will do anything (even marry) to hide his behavior, and clearly sees nothing wrong with his unusual behavior.

Child Rapist
A violent childabuser whose behavior is an expression of

hostile sexual drives.

There is no one best treatment for Pedophilia. Clinicians aim the problem at the endocrine system and usually use Testosteronereducing drugs to ease sexual excitement among males. Psychologists track the problem rooting from the abusers childhood stage, early life experience, and others.

The person has intense sexual urges and arousing fantasies involving the exposure of genitals to a group of stranger/s.
He/she does not expect a sexual reaction from the stranger but finds the shock or fear in the onlooker to be arousing Have the fantasy that the onlooker will be sexually aroused.

Usually a multi-faceted approach. Involving reliance on learning principles, like counter conditioning or aversive conditioning.
Treatment aims to unlearn the connection between sexual behavior and exhibitionist behavior.

Fetishism is where a person feels a strong recurrent sexual attraction to a nonliving object. People with this are always preoccupied with the object of desire, and they become dependent to it as an object for sexual gratification.
Objects include shoes, gloves, underwear, stockings, swimsuits, etc.

Another variant of Fetishism.

People with Partialism are soley interested in the sexual gratification from a specific body part, examples are feet, neck, underarms, back, etc.

They do unusual actions to the desired object, like sucking, smelling, fondling, rubbing, burning and cutting. Have no desires to intercourse with the partner with the desired object, rather, they would masturbate to the desired object. It involves compulsive rituals that are beyond the control of the individual, which can cause distress and interpersonal problems.

Aversion Therapy

Where the individual is exposed to a different sexual stimulus other than the desired object.

Orgasmic Reconditioning
behavioral method geared toward a relearning process. In

this procedure, an individual is instructed to arouse himself with a fantasy of the unacceptable object, then masturbate while looking at an appropriate sexual stimulus, such as a picture of an adult partner. If his arousal decreases, he may return to the fantasy of the unacceptable object, but he is to attain orgasm only while focusing on the acceptable stimulus.

Derived from the word Frotter meaning To rub Refers to the masturbation that involves rubbing against another person.
Frotteur has recurrent sexual desires on rubbing into people. Targets of Frotteurs are not consenting people, rather they target strangers.

Obsessed with the rubbing of selves to unsuspecting strangers, finding it sexually pleasurable. Often acts quickly, or undetected.
Fantasizes that they are in an intimate relationship with the stranger. Treatment includes extinction and covert conditioning.

Sexual Masochism
Comes from the name of an Austrian Writer Leopold Baron von

Sacher-Masoch. Who is known for his novels about men being sexually humiliated by women. A Masochist is someone who seeks pleasure from being subjected to pain.

Sexual Sadism
The term Sadism comes from the name of French author

Marquis de Sade, who wrote extensively about obtaining sexual enjoyment from inflicting cruelty.

Both terms were coined by Krafft-Ebing, a german physician.

Disorder marked by an attraction to achieving sexual gratification by having painful stimulation applied to ones own body, either alone or with a partner.
Men and women with this disorder achieve sexual satisfaction by such means like binding, ropes, whips, or injuries.

The converse of Sexual Masochism. It involves deriving sexual gratification from activities that harm, or from urges to harm, another person. Seeing or imagining anothers pain excites the sadist. In contrast to Sexual Masochism, which does not require a partner, sexual sadism clearly requires a partner to enact sadistic fantasies. Sadomasochist is the term where in a person does both Sadist and Masochist roles, or inflicting and receiving pain.

Sadists
Have the urge and desire, and recurrent sexual

fantasies of inflicting pain, seeing physical pain and humiliation of another person

Masochists
Have the urge and desire and recurrent sexual

fantasies of receiving pain, submissive to punishments, and other acts of humiliation.

A syndrome found only in males.

A disorder in which a man has an uncontrollable urge to wear a womans clothing, as primary means of achieving sexual gratification. This sexual gratification has a compulsive quality, and consumes a lot of emotional energy. Sometimes accompanied by masturbation.

Has recurrent urges and desires to wear womans clothing or cross dressing to achieve sexual gratification.
The fantasies and sexual urges cause significant distress and/or impairment.

The word comes from the term voir, meaning To See

A sexual disorder where an individual compulsively seeks sexual gratification from observing nudity or sexual activity of others who are unaware that they are being watched.

This disorder is more common in men.

The term Peeping Tom usually refers to voyeur.

Voyeurs often get sexually frustrated and feels incapable of establishing a regular sexual relationship with the person he observes. He prefers to masturbate either during or after the voyeuristic activity. Like exhibitionism, Voyeurs usually go through counter conditioning therapy.

Gender Identity refers to the individuals self-perception as a male and female.

The term gender identity refers to the individuals perception as a male or female. Gender role refers to the persons behaviors and attitude that are indicative of his gender.

A condition which involves a discrepancy between an individuals assigned sex and the persons gender identity.

Experience a strong and persistent crossgender identification, which causes a feeling of discomfort. Experience intense feeling of distress.

Refers to this phenomenon in which a person has an inner feeling of belonging to other sex. People involve in this situation wishes to live as members of the other sex.

Biological
hormones that affect the development of fetus,

females child is more likely to display stereotypically male gender role behavior during childhood. chromosomal abnormalities, including an extra Y chromosomes in male to female and an extra X in female to male. birth order and gender siblings

Psychological
the parents preference for the child of the other

gender.
disappointment with the birth yet of another son

of rather than a girl, may negatively influence the relationship with the boy(Bradley & Zucker, 1997).

Sociocultural
it is important to consider various ways in which

American society idealizes men & women according to certain stereotypical variables.

in terms of psychotherapy

Refers to an abnormality in an individuals sexual responsiveness and reactions

refers to an abnormality in an individuals sexual responsiveness and reactions. National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS) Masters and Johnson

Arousal
Plateau Orgasm

Resolution

The Individual has an abnormally low level of interest in sexual activity.

characterized by an active dislike and avoidance of genital contact with a sexual partner, which causes personal distress or interpersonal problems.

recurrent partial or complete failure to attain or maintain erection

inability to achieve orgasm, or a distressing delay in the achievement of orgasm.

The male individual reaches orgasm in a sexual encounter long before he wishes to, perhaps even prior to penetration, and therefore feels little or no sexual satisfaction.

involves the experience of pain associated with intercourse. Diagnosed as dyspareunia or vaginismus.

Youve learned a great deal of stuff about Sexual Disorders! ;)