INDIA'S FIRST MISSION TO MOON

CHANDRAYAAN - 1
Announcement of Opportunity (AO) Purpose of the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) Through this First Announcement of Opportunity (AO) in the series, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) solicits Proposals from International and Indian Scientific Community for participating in the mission y pro!iding suita le scientific payloads for Chandrayaan"#$ Chandrayaan-1: Mission Definition and Goal Chardrayaan"# is the first Indian %ission to the %oon de!oted to high"resolution remote sensing of the lunar surface features in !isi le, near infrared, &"ray and lo' energy gamma ray regions$ This 'ill e accomplished using se!eral payloads already selected for the mission$ In addition a total of a out #( )g payload 'eight and #( * po'er are earmar)ed for proposals, 'hich are no' solicited$ The mission is proposed to e a lunar polar or iter at an altitude of a out #(( )m and is planned to e launched y +((,"+((- using indigenous spacecraft and launch !ehicle of ISRO$ The mission is e.pected to ha!e an operational life of a out + years$ Mission Ob ecti!es

Carry out high resolution mapping of topographic features in /0, distri ution of !arious minerals and elemental chemical species including radioacti!e nuclides co!ering the entire lunar surface using a set of remote sensing payloads$ The ne' set of data 'ould help in unra!elling mysteries a out the origin and e!olution of solar system in general and that of the moon in particular$ Reali1e the mission goal of harnessing the science payloads, lunar craft and the launch !ehicle 'ith suita le ground support system including 0S2 station, integration and testing, launching and achie!ing lunar or it of 3#(( )m,

in"or it operation of e.periments, communication4telecommand, telemetry data reception, 5uic) loo) data and archi!al for scientific utili1ation y identified group of scientists$ "pecific areas of study

6igh resolution mineralogical and chemical imaging of permanently shado'ed north and south polar regions Search for surface or su "surface 'ater"ice on the moon, specially at lunar pole Identification of chemical end mem ers of lunar high land roc)s Chemical stratigraphy of lunar crust y remote sensing of central upland of large lunar craters, South Pole Ait)en Region (SPAR) etc$, 'here interior material may e e.pected To map the height !ariation of the lunar surface features along the satellite trac) O ser!ation of &"ray spectrum greater than #( )e7 and stereographic co!erage of most of the moon8s surface 'ith 9 m resolution, to pro!ide ne' insights in understanding the moon8s origin and e!olution

INDIA'S FIRST MISSION TO MOON

CHANDRAYAAN - 1
AnAnnouncement of Opportunity (AO)nouncement of Opportunity (AO)

Purpose of the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) Through this First Announcement of Opportunity (AO) in the series, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) solicits Proposals from International and Indian Scientific Community for participating in the mission y pro!iding suita le scientific payloads for Chandrayaan"#$ Chandrayaan-1: Mission Definition and Goal Chardrayaan"# is the first Indian %ission to the %oon de!oted to high"resolution remote sensing of the lunar surface features in !isi le, near infrared, &"ray and lo' energy gamma ray regions$ This 'ill e accomplished using se!eral payloads already selected for the mission$ In addition a total of a out #( )g payload 'eight and #( * po'er are earmar)ed for proposals, 'hich are no' solicited$ The mission is proposed to e a lunar polar or iter at an altitude of a out #(( )m and is planned to e launched y +((,"+((using indigenous spacecraft and launch !ehicle of ISRO$ The mission is e.pected to ha!e an operational life of a out + years$ Mission Ob ecti!es

Carry out high resolution mapping of topographic features in /0, distri ution of !arious minerals and elemental chemical species including radioacti!e nuclides co!ering the entire lunar surface using a set of remote sensing payloads$ The ne' set of data 'ould help in unra!elling mysteries a out the origin and e!olution of solar system in general and that of the moon in particular$ Reali1e the mission goal of harnessing the science payloads, lunar craft and the launch !ehicle 'ith suita le ground support system including 0S2 station, integration and testing, launching and achie!ing lunar or it of 3#(( )m, in"or it operation of e.periments, communication4telecommand, telemetry data reception, 5uic) loo) data and archi!al for scientific utili1ation y identified group of scientists$

"pecific areas of study

6igh resolution mineralogical and chemical imaging of permanently shado'ed north and south polar regions Search for surface or su "surface 'ater"ice on the moon, specially at lunar pole Identification of chemical end mem ers of lunar high land roc)s Chemical stratigraphy of lunar crust y remote sensing of central upland of large lunar craters, South Pole Ait)en Region (SPAR) etc$, 'here interior material may e e.pected To map the height !ariation of the lunar surface features along the satellite trac) O ser!ation of &"ray spectrum greater than #( )e7 and stereographic co!erage of most of the moon8s surface 'ith 9 m resolution, to pro!ide ne' insights in understanding the moon8s origin and e!olution

Proposed Scientific Payloads #he scientific payloads selected so far are:

Terrain %apping stereo Camera (T%C) in the panchromatic and ha!ing 9m spatial resolution and :( )m s'ath, to prepare a high resolution atlas of moon A 6yper Spectral Imager (6ySI) operating in :((";((nm and 'ith a spectral resolution of #9nm and spatial resolution of -( m 'ith a s'ath of :( )m, for mineralogical mapping A <unar <aser Ranging Instrument (<<RI), for determining accurate altitude of the spacecraft a o!e the lunar surface for topographical mapping A collimated <o' =nergy (($9"#( )e7) &"ray spectrometer (<=&) for measuring the fluorescent &"rays emanating from the lunar surface ha!ing ground spatial resolution of a out #( )m, for elemental mapping of Si, Al, %g,Ca, Fe,Ti A Solar &"ray %onitor (S&%) in +"#( )e7 energy range, for solar &"ray flu. monitoring A 6igh =nergy (#("+(()e7) &"ray4g"ray spectrometer (6=&) ha!ing a ground spatial resolution of appro.imately +( )m, for measuring +#(P , +++Rn degassing, >, Th etc$

Brief technical specification of the payloads: #errain Mappin$ Camera (#MC) The purpose of this instrument is to generate high"resolution /"0 cartographic map of the moon using stereoscopic cameras$ The road specifications of T%C are gi!en elo'? @round resolution S'ath Spectral Aand 9m :( )m Panchromatic

%yper "pectral &ma$er (%y"&) >ses a 'edge filter and an area array detector to o tain the full spectrum information of the target y ac5uiring image data for mineralogical mapping$ The road specification of 6ySI are gi!en elo'? @round resolution -( m S'ath :( )m Spectral range :((";((Bm 2o of spectral ands /+ Spectral resolution #9 nm

'unar 'aser (an$in$ &nstrument (''(&) The <<RI is used for pro!iding ranging data for determining the accurate altitude of the spacecraft a o!e the lunar surface$ The road specification of <<RI are gi!en elo'? Pulse repetition rate Telescope Pulse"'idth 7ertical resolution # 61 #9 cm dia, reflecti!e #( ns #( m

)-ray *luorescence "pectrometers This payload consists of three parts? (a) <o' =nergy &"ray detector (<=&) to map the a undance of light elements li)e %g, Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe, ( ) 6igh =nergy &"ray4 gama"ray detector (6=&) to map the distri ution of high atomic num er elements o!er the lunar surface such as +#(P , +++Rn, >, Th and (c) Solar &"ray %onitor (S&%) to continuously measure the flu. of solar &"rays$ The characteristics of &"ray payloads are gi!en in Ta le elo'? <=& =nergy range =nergy resolution(F*6%) ($9 " #( )e7 -C at #$9 )e7 :C at D )e7 6=& #( " +(( )e7 9C at D( )e7 S&% + " #( )e7 9C at D )e7

Field of 7ie' (FO7) 9E . 9E Spatial resolution ; )m

#(E . #(E #- )m

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Proposal Preparation Format #$ Co!er Page should include the follo'ing? o Complete Title of the Proposal o 2ame and address of Principal In!estigator including e"mail, telephone and fa. num ers o 2ame of Co"PIs their addresses, e"mails etc$ Original signed hard copy of the co!er page should e su mitted +$ =.ecuti!e Summary of the proposal (3T'o A: si1e pages in #+ point font) (A rief description of the proposal stating the road scientific o Fecti!es and specific aims of the proposed 'or)$ It should include a concise description of instrument design and methods for realising the hard'are and soft'are components) /$ Science o Fecti!es including statement of hypothesis and ho' it 'ill e addressed :$ Aasic concept and description of the payload instrumentation (include line diagrams or schematic) 'ith details on measurement procedure$ 9$ 0escription of heritage and past e.perience in payload de!elopment, if any D$ Aroad specifications of the payload4e.periment including dimensions, 'eight, po'er, parameters to e measured (including measurement accuracies), data rates etc$ ,$ Anticipated ne' technology de!elopment to realise the payload and ac) up strategies in the e!ent of non a!aila ility of the e.pected technology -$ 2eed for any la oratory research or ground ased, air orne or other acti!ities for the de!elopment of the instrument and its operation during the mission

;$ 0esign approach and specifications, de!elopment process, test, e!aluation and cali ration procedures #($ 0e!elopment strategy i$e$, stages of la oratory model, engineering model, flight model etc$ ##$ Re5uirement and a!aila ility of necessary la oratory facilities4tools, test and cali ration e5uipment for 5ualifying the re5uired payload #+$ Performance characteristics of the integrated payload in terms of its fulfilling the proposed scientific o Fecti!es #/$ Plans for data processing, management and archi!al #:$ 0escription of re5uired post"launch ground operation support #9$ Any special re5uirement of payload interfaces from the mission side #D$ Time schedules and critical path #,$ Procedure to monitor and re!ie' the progress of the de!elopment as per schedule and the 5uality assurance aspects #-$ %ode of participation in the final integration, testing, cali ration and chec)out All proposals should e su mitted through the respecti!e space agencies4Institutions and must e signed y an official authorised to certify, on ehalf of the space agency4Institution, support and sponsorship of the in!estigation as 'ell as the management and financial aspects$ There 'ill e no e.change of funds et'een the agencies for the international proposals$

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Chandrayaan-1 launch on Oct 22

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P!"#T $% "& F$$'B C( '"SC)SS !elated Stories: -o4+ 'alu says Ad!ani+ Modi behind blastsMale$aon probe 6a hu$e conspiracy7: (a nath "in$hAnother %indu leader suspect: DGPArmy to probe A#" claimPurohit dismisses torture alle$ations a$ainst A#""onia letter calls for social harmony rallies

!n"!#ore$ Septem%er 1& ' Come November 8, Indias space programme could have its first ever date with the moon. Five years after the Government cleared the pro ect, I!"# announced on $hursday that it is all set to launch the countrys first unmanned mission to the moon and unveiled the spacecraft % Chandrayaan&', fully loaded with its si( Indian and five foreign scientific instruments% at its satellite centre. $he spacecraft is scheduled for launch on #ctober )) with a window fi(ed between #ctober '* and #ctober )8. It will ma+e an entry into the lunar atmosphere for a two&year mission. $he window is, however, sub ect to Chandrayaan&' clearing the

vibration and acoustic tolerance tests over the ne(t wee+ before it is shipped to !rihari+ota for integration with its launch vehicle the ,!-.&/-. 0$he flesh and bone is ready,1 said I!"# moon mission director 2 3nnadurai. It has cleared a ma or hurdle in the form of e(treme temperature tests 4thermo vacuum test5 over the past fortnight. Now its launch is dependent on weather factors, said 3nnadurai. 06eather is a +ey issue. 6e are watching for forecasts closer to the tentative launch dates. #n the east coast there are worries over weather at this time of the year,1 3nnadurai added. Chandrayaan&' would ta+e appro(imately eight days to course the nearly 7,88,999 +m to get to its final orbit % '99 +m from the moon.
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If weather plays spoilsport and the late #ctober launch is postponed we would have to wait for dates in November or ?ecember when the tra ectories of the moon and Chandrayaan&' will intersect again. 03 launch date is not finalised. @very month we have two opportunities that will enable the spacecraft to travel a minimum distance and save on fuel,1 said director of I!"# !atellite Centre $ A 3le(. -isted among the ') highly&anticipated science and technology brea+throughs of the world, the mission would mar+ a global return to the moon. Chandrayaan&' follows recent missions to the moon from Bapan and China. Its launch would be followed by renewed C! and "ussian missions. India is wor+ing on an advanced Chandrayaan&) mission in collaboration with "ussia. 3ccording to I!"# officials, the prime aim will be to search for helium 7 % a +ey to deriving energy supplies through nuclear fusion technologies. 0Countries returning to study the moon have research interests in the nuclear fusion area,1 officials said.

P"'9-C11 "uccessfully 'aunches Chandrayaan-1

&n its fourteenth fli$ht conducted from "atish Dha4an "pace Centre ("D"C) "%A(+ "rihari1ota this mornin$ *Octo+er 22, 2--./+ the &ndian "pace (esearch Or$anisation7s (&"(O7s) Polar "atellite 'aunch 9ehicle+ P"'9-C11+ successfully launched the 1:0/ 1$ Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft into a transfer orbit 4ith a peri$ee (nearest point to ;arth) of .<< 1m and an apo$ee (farthest point to ;arth) of ..+0=/ 1m+ inclined at an an$le of 1,>5 de$ to the e?uator> After a <. hour count do4n+ P"'9-C11 lifted off from the "econd 'aunch Pad at "D"C "%A( at /=:.. %rs &ndian "tandard #ime (&"#) 4ith the i$nition of the core first sta$e> #he important fli$ht e!ents included the separation of the first sta$e+ i$nition of the second sta$e+ separation of the payload fairin$ at about 11= 1m altitude after the !ehicle had cleared the dense atmosphere+ second sta$e separation+ third sta$e i$nition+ third sta$e separation+ fourth sta$e i$nition and fourth sta$e cut-off> P"'9-C11 is the uprated !ersion of &"(O7s Polar "atellite 'aunch 9ehicle in its standard confi$uration> @ei$hin$ :./ tonnes at lift-off+ the !ehicle uses lar$er strap-on motors (P"OM-)') to achie!e hi$her payload capability> P"OM-)' uses 1. tonnes of solid propellants instead of 5 tonnes used in the earlier confi$uration of P"'9> P"'9 is a four sta$e launch !ehicle employin$ both solid and li?uid propulsion sta$es> P"'9 is the trusted 4or1horse launch 9ehicle of &"(O> Durin$ 155:-.//0 period+ P"'9 had fourteen launches of 4hich thirteen (includin$ today7s launch) are consecuti!ely successful> P"'9 has repeatedly pro!ed its reliability and !ersatility by launchin$ :/ spacecraft (1A &ndian and 1= for international customers) into a !ariety of orbits so far> 9i1ram "arabhai "pace Centre (9""C)+ #hiru!ananthapuram+ desi$ned and de!eloped P"'9> &"(O &nertial "ystems Bnit (&&"B) at #hiru!ananthapuram de!eloped the inertial systems> #he 'i?uid Propulsion "ystems Centre ('P"C)+ also at #hiru!ananthapuram+ de!eloped the li?uid propulsion sta$es for the second and fourth sta$es of P"'9 as 4ell as reaction control systems> "D"C "%A( processed the solid propellant motors and carried out launch operations> &"(O #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 (&"#(AC) pro!ided telemetry+ trac1in$ and command support> Chandrayaan-1 is &ndia7s first spacecraft mission beyond ;arth7s orbit> &t aims to further e3pand our 1no4led$e about ;arth7s only natural satellite C the moon> @ith 4ell-defined ob ecti!es+ Chandrayaan-1 mission intends to put an unmanned spacecraft into an orbit around the moon and to perform remote sensin$ of our nearest celestial nei$hbour for about t4o years usin$ ele!en scientific instruments built in &ndia and fi!e other countries> #he primary ob ecti!es of Chandrayaan-1 are:

#o place an unmanned spacecraft in an orbit around the moon #o conduct mineralo$ical and chemical mappin$ of the lunar surface

#o up$rade the technolo$ical base in the country

Chandrayaan-1 aims to achie!e these 4ell-defined ob ecti!es throu$h hi$hresolution remote sensin$ of moon in the !isible+ near infrared+ micro4a!e and )ray re$ions of the electroma$netic spectrum> @ith this+ preparation of a :dimensional atlas of the lunar surface and chemical and mineralo$ical mappin$ of entire lunar surface is en!isa$ed> P"'9 placed the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft into a hi$hly elliptical #ransfer Orbit (#O) around the earth> 'ater+ throu$h a series of hi$hly comple3 manoeu!res+ the desired tra ectories 4ill be achie!ed> After circlin$ the ;arth in its #ransfer Orbit+ Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft 4ill be ta1en into more elliptical 6;3tended #ransfer Orbits7 by repeatedly firin$ its 'i?uid Apo$ee Motor ('AM) in a pr-determined se?uence> "ubse?uently+ the 'AM is a$ain fired to ma1e the spacecraft to tra!el to the !icinity of the moon> @hen it reaches the !icinity of the Moon and passes at a fe4 hundred 1ilometers from it+ its 'AM is fired a$ain so that the spacecraft slo4s do4n sufficiently to enable the $ra!ity of the moon to capture it into an elliptical orbit> *ollo4in$ this+ the hei$ht of the spacecraft7s orbit around the moon is reduced in steps> After a careful and detailed obser!ation of the orbit perturbations there+ the orbital hei$ht of Chandrayaan-1 4ill be finally lo4ered to its intended 1// 1m hei$ht from the lunar surface> Moon &mpact Probe 4ill be e ected from Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft at the earliest opportunity to hit the lunar surface in a chosen area> 'ater+ cameras and other scientific instruments are turned O- and thorou$hly tested> #his leads to the operational phase of the mission> #his phase lasts for about t4o years durin$ 4hich Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft e3plores the lunar surface 4ith its array of instruments that includes cameras+ spectrometers and "A(> The Payloads: #here are 11 payloads (scientific instruments) throu$h 4hich Chandrayaan-1 intends to achie!e its scientific ob ecti!es> #hey include fi!e instruments desi$ned and de!eloped in &ndia+ three instruments from ;uropean "pace A$ency (one of 4hich is de!eloped ointly 4ith &ndia and the other 4ith &ndian contribution)+ one from 8ul$aria and t4o from the Bnited "tates> #he &ndian payloads of Chandrayaan-1 are: Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC)+ a CCD camera that maps the topo$raphy of the moon+ 4hich helps in better understandin$ of the lunar e!olution process>

Hyperspectral Imager (HySI)+ another CCD camera+ is desi$ned for mappin$ of the minerals on the lunar surface as 4ell as for understandin$ the mineralo$ical composition of Moon7s interior> Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI) pro!ides necessary data for accurately determinin$ the hei$ht of lunar surface features> High Energy X-ray Spectrometer (HEX) is desi$ned to help e3plore the possibility of identifyin$ Polar (e$ions co!ered by thic1 4ater-ice deposits as 4ell as in identifyin$ re$ions of hi$h Branium and #horium concentrations> Moon Impact Pro e (MIP) demonstrates the technolo$ies re?uired for landin$ a probe at the desired location on the moon> &t is also intended to ?ualify some of the technolo$ies related to future soft landin$ missions> #he si3 international payloads of Chandrayaan-1 are: Chan!rayaan-" Imaging X ray Spectrometer (C"XS) + an ;"A payload and ointly de!eloped by (utherford Appleton 'aboratory of ;n$land and &"(O "atellite Centre+ 8an$alore+ intends is to carry out hi$h ?uality mappin$ of the moon usin$ )-ray fluorescence techni?ue for findin$ the presnce of Ma$nesium+ Aluminium+ "ilicon+ &ron and #itanium distributed o!er the surface of the Moon> Smart #ear In$rare! Spectrometer (SIR-%)+ another ;"A payload+ de!eloped by Ma3 Plan1 &nstitute of Germany+ aims to study the lunar surface to e3plore the mineral resources and the formation of its surface features> Su &iloelectron'olt (tom Re$lecting (nalyser (S(R) + the third payload from ;"A+ is built by "4edish &nstitute of "pace Physics and "pace Physics 'aboratory of 9i1ram "arabhai "pace Centre+ #iru!ananthapuram> #he aim of this instrument is to study the surface composition of the moon and the ma$netic anomalies associated 4ith the surface of the moon> Ra!iation )ose Monitor (R()*M)+ a payload de!eloped by 8ul$arian Academy of "ciences+ aims to characterise the radiation en!ironment in a re$ion of space surroundin$ the moon> Mini Synthetic (perture Ra!ar (MiniS(R) is one of the t4o scientific instruments from the B"A and is from Dohns %op1ins Bni!ersity7s Applied Physics 'aboratory and -a!al Air @arfare Centre+ B"A throu$h -A"A> Mini"A( is mainly intended for detectin$ 4ater ice in the permanently shado4ed re$ions of the lunar poles up to a depth of a fe4 meters> Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M+) is an ima$in$ spectrometer from 8ro4n Bni!ersity and Det Propulsion 'aboratory of the B" throu$h -A"A+ is intended to assess and map lunar mineral resources at hi$h spatial and spectral resolution>

The Spacecraft: Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft 4ei$hed about 1:0/ 1$ at the time of its launch and is a 1>< m cuboid 4ith a solar panel pro ectin$ from one of its sides> #he spacecraft is po4ered by a sin$le solar panel $eneratin$ electrical po4er of ,// @> A 'ithium ion battery supplies po4er 4hen the solar panel is not illuminated by the sun> #o ma1e Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft to tra!el to4ards the Moon+ its 'i?uid Apo$ee Motor ('AM) is used> 'i?uid propellants needed for 'AM as 4ell as thrusters are stored onboard the spacecraft> Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft7s Dual Gimballed Antenna transmits the scientific data $athered by its ele!en scientific instruments to ;arth> Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft 4as built at &"(O "atellite Centre+ 8an$alore 4ith contributions from 9i1ram "arabhai "pace Centre (9""C)+ 'i?uid Propulsion "ystems Centre ('P"C) and &"(O &nertial "ystems Bnit (&&"B) at #iru!ananthapuram+ "pace Applications Centre ("AC) and Physical (esearch 'aboratory (P(')+ Ahmedabad and 'aboratory for ;lectro-optic "ystems (';O")+ 8an$alore> The 0round Se1ment: #he Ground facilities of Chandrayaan-1 perform the important tas1 of recei!in$ the health information as 4ell as the scientific data from the spacecraft> &t also transmits the radio commands to be sent to the spacecraft durin$ all the phases of its mission> 8esides+ it processes and stores the scientific data sent by Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft> &"(O #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 (&"#(AC) had a lead role in establishin$ the Ground "e$ment of Chandrayaan-1 4ith contributions from &"AC and "AC> #he Ground "e$ment of Chandrayaan-1 consists of: 1> &ndian Deep "pace -et4or1 (&D"-) .> "pacecraft Control Centre ("CC) :> &ndian "pace "cience Data Centre (&""DC) The "ndian 'eep Space #et2or3 recei!es the data sent by the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft> 8esides+ it sends commands to the spacecraft at a po4er le!el of upto ./ 1ilo4atts> &D"- consists of t4o lar$e parabolic antennas C one 4ith 10 m diameter and the other :. m diameter C at 8yalalu+ situated at a distance of about :< 1m from 8an$alore> Of these the :. m antenna 4ith its 6se!en mirror beam 4a!e$uide system7+ 4as indi$enously desi$ned+ de!eloped+ built+ installed+ tested and ?ualified> #he 10 m antenna can support Chandrayaan-1 mission+ but the :.m antenna can support spacecraft missions 4ell beyond Moon> The Spacecraft Control Centre+ located near the &"#(AC campus at Peenya+ -orth of 8an$alore+ is the focal point of all the operational acti!ities of Chandrayaan-1 durin$ all the phases of the mission> The "ndian Space Science 'ata Centre forms the third element of Chandrayaan-1 $round se$ment> Also located at 8yalalu+ &""DC recei!es data

from &D"- as 4ell as other e3ternal stations that support Chandrayaan-1+ stores+ processes+ archi!es+ retrie!es and distributes scientific data sent by Chandrayaan-1 payloads to the user a$encies>

%ission successful: Chandrayaan-1 in lunar or+it

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&ndian student attac1ed in B"+ =th in 1 year @hite %ouse to cost Obama his E8lac1berryE Pandey stayed as e3- DFG Go!ernorEs $uest+ c>>>Con$ress to crac1 4hip on rebels+ dissidentsE"ea le!els risin$ by :>: mm e!ery year sinc>>>%ayden slammed for callin$ &ndia E#hird @orl>>> Ban1alore, #o4em+er .: &ndiaEs maiden moon mission -- Chandrayaan-& H on "aturday entered the tric1y lunar orbit after scientists successfully carried out a most critical manoeu!re+ 10 days after it 4as fired into outer space> "pace scientists at the &ndian "pace (esearch Or$anisation (&"(O) carried out the lunar orbit insertion by firin$ the li?uid en$ines on board the spacecraft for 01, seconds> I#he lunar orbit insertion ('O&) be$an at A:</ p>m> and lasted for 01, seconds (1A minutes)+I &"(O spo1esperson " "atish said> #he satellite has been placed in a ,+</. 1m ) <// 1m elliptical orbit around the moon+ he said> %ea!in$ a si$h of relief+ &"(O chief G Madha!an -air said "aturdayEs operation 4as the 6most critical moment7 in the mission> I@e ha!e done it+I a !isibly happy -air declared> I*or the last ./ minutes+ almost all our hearts 4ere at a stand"till+I -air said from a $round centre near 8an$alore> #he spacecraft+ launched on October ..+ had been placed in the 'unar #ransfer #ra ectory on -o!ember A> #he mission+ orbitin$ the earth at a distance of :+0=+/// 1m+ 4as commandeered from &"(OEs #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 (&"#(AC) at Peenya on the outs1irts of the city 4ith aid from the &ndian Deep "pace -et4or1 (&D"-) at 8yalalu> Chandrayaan-& 4ould no4 be lo4ered $radually and placed in a circular orbit at a distance of 1// 1m from the lunar surface>

#he successful lunar orbit insertion ('O&) 4as an important milestone for the (s :0= crore moon mission 4hose success depended on "aturdayEs hit or miss manoeu!re> Accordin$ to space e3perts+ the challen$in$ 'O& 4as not 4ithout dan$er because it meant tra!ersin$ throu$h an area in 4hich the $ra!itational forces of the earth and moon nearly cancel each other out> Conse?uently+ e!en a small de!iation could send the spacecraft into a frash course to4ards the moon or earthHor on a path leadin$ into deep space> ;3perts recall that about :/ per cent of unmanned moon missions of the B" and former "o!iet Bnion failed durin$ 'O& phase> Prime Minister Manmohan "in$h+4ho is no4 in Muscat on an official !isit+ con$ratulated the &ndian space scientists for the sin$ular achie!ement> I#his (todayEs achie!ement) 4ill be etched in the history of &ndian space in $olden lettersI+ -air said> &n the comin$ days+ the hei$ht of Chandrayaan-1Es orbit around the moon 4ould be carefully reduced in steps to achie!e a final polar orbit of about 1// 1ms hei$ht from the moonEs surface> #he spacecraft+ launched on October ..+ had been placed in the 'unar #ransfer #ra ectory on -o!ember A> #he mission+ orbitin$ the earth at a distance of :+0=+/// 1m+ 4as commandeered from &"(OEs #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 (&"#(AC) at Peenya on the outs1irts of the city 4ith aid from the &ndian Deep "pace -et4or1 (&D"-) at 8yalalu> Chandrayaan-& 4ould no4 be lo4ered $radually and placed in a circular orbit at a distance of 1// 1m from the lunar surface> #he successful lunar orbit insertion ('O&) 4as an important milestone for the (s :0= crore moon mission 4hose success depended on "aturdayEs manoeu!re> Accordin$ to space e3perts+ the challen$in$ 'O& 4as not 4ithout dan$er because it meant tra!ersin$ throu$h an area in 4hich the $ra!itational forces of the earth and moon nearly cancel each other out> Conse?uently+ e!en a small de!iation could send the spacecraft into a fresh course to4ards the moon or earthHor on a path leadin$ into deep space> ;3perts recall that about :/ per cent of unmanned moon missions of the B" and former "o!iet Bnion failed durin$ 'O& phase> #he lunar orbit manoeu!re 4as performed from Chandrayaan-1 "pacecraft Control Centre of &"(O #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 here+ 4hile &ndian Deep "pace -et4or1 (&D"-) at 8yalalu on the city outs1irts supported the crucial tas1 of transmittin$ commands and continuously monitorin$ this !ital e!ent 4ith t4o dish antennas+ one measurin$ 10 metres and the other :. metres> ;3pressin$ happiness that the accuracy that &"(O $ot in re$ard to "aturdayEs lunar orbit is really remar1able+ -air said nobody (space a$ency) 4ould ha!e secured such a precise orbit in the first attempt> #he achie!ement $oes to the credit of &"(O+ 4hich has demonstrated its 1no4led$e base in carryin$ out lon$ tra ectories under the influence of multiple bodies> I@e (&ndia) no4 ha!e a bi$ leadership as far as space is concernedI+ he said> &"(O said the performance of all the systems on board Chandrayaan-1 is normal>

-air said the Moon &mpact Probe (M&P) on board Chandrayaan-1 4ould be released to hit the lunar surface around -o!ember 1<> I#hereafter+ systems (on board Chandrayaan-1) 4ould be s4itched on one-by-oneI> &"(O officials said the primary ob ecti!e of .5-1$ M&P is to demonstrate the technolo$ies re?uired for landin$ a probe at the desired location on the moon> #hrou$h this probe+ it is also intended to ?ualify some of technolo$ies related to future soft-landin$ missions> #his apart+ scientific e3ploration of the moon at close distance is also intended usin$ M&P> Of the 11 payloads+ fi!e are from &ndia+ three from ;uropean "pace A$ency+ t4o from the B" and one from 8ul$aria> 6ideos 7 Pictures %otor "nsurance in 8 min %oon %istoric &# Pro ects: -A"AEs(ela3 and @atch a 9ideoJ&nsure your car F Lourself in < Adh>comK9ideo Min 444>8aselinema$>com
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Comments - :1

our priority 4s moon by ramesh 1umar sharma on 1= -o! .//0

%eartiest con$ratulations to &"(O for leap to4ards moon e3plorations but same thrust should be to4ards increasin$ standard of common man>A country is $reat if its people are happy>>

(eply 2 *or4ard
&unar Sucessfull by 9arun 1umar on 1A -o! .//0
& am !ery much $lad at the succesfulllaunchin$ of Chandrayan 1 and con$ratulate #he "cientist *or #hi remar1able Achie!ment @;'' DO-; &"(O

(eply 2 *or4ard
dra4id by 3yM on /5 -o! .//0
4hy dra!id is not retirin$N he has failed a$ain--------";';C#O(" "%OB'D A--OB-C; #%A# #%&" -AGPB( #;"# &" 'A"# #;"# *O( D(A9&D --%; @&'' -O# 8; CO-"&D;(;D A-L MO(;-------";%@AG A-D GA-GB'L @;(; D(OPP;D A*#;( A *;@ *A&'B(;" 8B# D(A9&D %A" *A&';D CO-#&-BO"'L &- PA"# 1. MO-#%" 8B# "#&'' %; &" 8;&-G #(;A#;D A" B-D(OPPA8';------this is in ustice to !irat 1ohli+ rohir sharma+ suresh raina--e!en m !i ay may replace dra!id -#%; @A'' MAL -O# ";; #%; @(&#&-G O- #%; @A'' ---8B# ";';C#O(" "%OB'D ";;>

(eply 2 *or4ard

&)# ! %"SS"O# by -A#(ADA- +( on /5 -o! .//0

G(;A# DO8 &-D&A &"(O A-D A'' OB( G(;A# "C&;-#&"#" ';# B" -O@ PB# MO(; ;MP%A"&" O- ( A-D D &- MA#;(&A' "C&;-C; #O &MP(O9; ;9;(L MA#;(&A' OB( GOA' &" #O 8; *A( A%;AD O* DAPA- A-D @; CA- DO &# A" @; %A9; "%O@- @&#% #%; 'B-A( &-";(#&O-

(eply 2 *or4ard
satellite by (>#%&AGA(ADA- on /5 -o! .//0
chandran1 is is 4aste for country li1e india because people in the country are dyin$ of hun$er first the hun$er should be sol!ed then the the country should send the satellite>

(eply 2 *or4ard
%oon %ission by Gamala on /5 -o! .//0
Great+ no4 4e need to loo1 further ahead and start trainin$ our first set of astronauts to underta1e manned missions to earth orbit and maybe later $o deeper into space>

(eply 2 *or4ard
moment of pride by sri1anth on /5 -o! .//0 A small feat for &"(O+ but a $reat deal of pride for &ndians 4orld4ide>>> Chandrayaan $oes to moonJJJmy use of the term Esmall featE is not in absolute terms+ in 4hich case it is as e3traordinary as anythin$ else done any4here in the 4orld+ but in comparison to Mr> Madha!an -airEs statement that an &ndian can $o to space in ./1<>>>

(eply 2 *or4ard
con1rachulations by MM-ALAG on /5 -o! .//0
My con$rachulations to our scientists>8ecause bein$ a democratic country many people are opposin$ this mission citin$ our por!erty>8ut that 4ill be tac1led by population control+by ma1in$ society corruption free+by $ood

(eply 2 *or4ard
Cost-+enefit analysis by Pratee1 A4asthi on /5 -o! .//0
%o4 much money has been spent on thisN And for 4hat benefitN @ould the money be better spent on health and education or rural de!elopmentN

(eply 2 *or4ard
There is some thin1 1ood happenin1 too;;; by Oid on /5 -o! .//0
%eartiest con$ratulations to &"(O and all the people in!ol!edPPJJ &t7s $lad to note that inspite of all that our politicians are doin$ to di!ide our country based on e!ery possible aspect of lifePthere are still dedicated people 4ho do &ndia proud> & thin1 as citiMens of this country 4e should open our eyes and realiMe that the only and only people 4ho suffer because of this di!isions is the common man and the $ro4th of &ndia>>PJJ "ince our7s is bein$ a such a di!erse country it7s !ery easy for politicians to di!ide it on so many different aspects to hide their failures in addressin$ the real problems that all of us face as &ndians>>JJ

(eply 2 *or4ard
Chandrayan-1 by C( DA" on /0 -o! .//0
&t is to be celebrated as a4orld cup 4in>#he days are not far a4ay 4ith a manned mission>

(eply 2 *or4ard
"S!O <eros by 8haratiya on /0 -o! .//0
*e4 years bac1 & 4as luc1y enou$h to attend a seminar or$anised by our &"(O heros> "ince then & ha!e attended many seminars around the 4orld and can confidently say that these $uys are amon$ the best in the 4orld> ;ach of these $uys is a priMed to asset to this nation> Geep up the $ood 4or1 sirs> @e truely are prod of you>>

(eply 2 *or4ard
%aturity of "ndian Science by Genneth "4ansi on /0 -o! .//0
A $reat day for &ndia and especially &"(O> #he entry of Chandrayaan demonstrates the maturity of &ndian science> Con$ratulationsJ and Dai %indJ

(eply 2 *or4ard
my fin1ers are crossed by common indian on /0 -o! .//0
& am 4aitin$ 4hen chandrayan 4ill reach the stable lunar orbit> i pray for am1in$ the mission succcessful> lets all 4ish for complete success of this mission>

(eply 2 *or4ard
=ell 'one by 1a on /0 -o! .//0
Con$ratulation to &"(O #eam>

(eply 2 *or4ard

chandrayan by sa$ar rasto$i on /0 -o! .//0

con$ratulation for the indian success space a$ency isro for their $reat effort+s>> 1eep it upp>>

(eply 2 *or4ard
"S!O a name on 2hich 2e can proud by Amit Maurya on /0 -o! .//0
&"(O+ 4e as an &ndian proud on you> Con$ratulations to all &ndians+for &"(OEs successful mission> #his mission also a reply to all person those 4ho 4ants to di!ide our country on the name of re$ion and cast> @e ha!e done it successfully because 4e did the pro ect to$ether as an &ndian>Once a$ain Con$ratulations &"(O>

(eply 2 *or4ard
"ndia>s maiden moon mission by 8 - Gupta on /0 -o! .//0
& ta1e this opportunity to con$ratulate each and e!eryone in ma1in$ this mission a success> &Em sure &ndia 4ill !ery soon achie!e $reat success in e3plorin$ deep space>

(eply 2 *or4ard
Chandrayaan-1 enters lunar or by ">(amamoorthy on /0 -o! .//0
Geep it up+ &"(O> &ndia needs to $o beyond to Mars Dupiter+ "aturn>>>> and further into deep space beyond the "olar system to find habitable planets for all man1ind>

(eply 2 *or4ard
Closer to %oon by ">(amamoorthy on /0 -o! .//0
Geep it up+ &"(O> &ndia needs to $o beyond to Mars Dupiter+ "aturn>>>> and further into deep space beyond the "olar system to find habitable planets for all man1ind>

(eply 2 *or4ard
Closer to %oon and +eyond by ">(amamoorthy on /0 -o! .//0
Geep it up+ &"(O> &ndia needs to $o beyond to Mars Dupiter+ "aturn>>>> and further into deep space beyond the "olar system to find habitable planets for all man1ind>

(eply 2 *or4ard
Can "ndia sur4i4e onslau1ht of !e1inalism and pro4incialism to 1o to %oon ? by Mrs 8hanumati on /0
-o! .//0 Pa1istan too1 ., years to turn Gashmiri muslims a$ainst &ndia> 8ut (a #hac1eray and his follo4ers did it in ust one year in Maharashtra> (a #hac1eray ha!e so4n the seeds of hatred amon$st %indi spea1in$ people and Marathis> 8ecause of this %indi spea1in$ people 4ill suffer more in Maharashtra as Marathi police has been infected by the 9irus of re$ionalism and lan$ua$e since the inception of "hi! "ena> 8ut Marathis also 4ill suffer li!in$ outside Maharashtra> &ndia is bi$$er than Maharashtra and Marathis 4ill be sidelined henceforth else4here in the country> 'o1 "abha 8DP MP "hana4aM %ussain said I%indi "pea1in$ people are $ettin$ 4orse treatment than %indus li!in$ in Pa1istanI> @e are seein$ a ne4 breed of re$ionalistic and lin$uistic terrorism and it 4ill haunt &ndia more than &slamic terrorism> As la4 and order is in control of "tate police and they 4ould support re$ionalistic and lin$uistic criminals> @e need a I"ardar PatelI or else 4e 4ill perish as a nation >

(eply 2 *or4ard
Chandrayan by Abbas on /5 -o! .//0 Mrs> 8hanumatiLour points and ar$ument may be ri$ht but you ha!e posted it in 4ron$ forum>Please let us celebrate our space sucesses here> !eply @ For2ard Of man, moon and marathis by Gim on /5 -o! .//0 Most Marathis & 1ne4 at Bni!ersity 4ere erudite (&ndian) nationalists> A fe4 populist politicians do not represent a cross-section of all Marathis> Althou$h they do occasionally suffer from bouts of superiority comple3+ but then 4ho does notN !eply @ For2ard %oon Fli1ht by Madayil -air on /0 -o! .//0 After &ndia became republic and -ehru7s decision to start the scientific and technical $ro4th+ all de!eloped nations ?uestioned the decision of &ndia+ sayin$ poor nations need food not ad!anced technical 1no4led$e or de!elopment> %e 4as adamant in startin$ C"&( units+ &##Ctype educational institutions irrespecti!e of criticism> ;!en no4 some &ndian intellectuals ?uestion &ndian push for 1no4led$e de!elopment> Only after 15=. border 4ar+ Menon7s idea to de!elop defense production mo!ed for4ard ?uic1ly> After the 8DP decision of nuclear tests and mo!ement to4ards "pace pro$rams+ &ndia $ot reco$nition and a seat at the table 4ith de!eloped nations> As a scientist+ & con$ratulate all the pre!ious and present technical personnel for the scientific and technical successes of &ndia and 4ish success for future $eneration of scientists

(eply 2 *or4ard

First pictures +y Chandrayaan-1

November 9', )998

&t 4as another proud moment for the country> Prime Minister Manmohan "in$h 4as sho4n the first pictures
that 4ere ta1en by Chandrayaan-1 throu$h the #errain Mappin$ Camera on *riday> #he #MC 4as operated in October throu$h a series of commands+ 4hich 4ere issued from the "pacecraft Control Centre of the &ndian "pace (esearch Or$anisation #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 in 8en$aluru> #he first ima$es+ 4hich 4ere recei!ed by the &ndian Deep "pace -et4or1 at 8yalalu 4as later processed by the &ndian "pace "cience Data Centre> #he first ima$es 4ere ta1en at 0 am from a hei$ht of 5+/// 1m>

TeAt: 6ic3y #anBappa "ma1e: The northern coast of ustralia from a hei1ht of C,--- 3m; Photo1raphs: "S!O

Chandrayaan-1 1ets closer to moon

#ctober )*, )998 'DED) I!$

#he fourth orbit-raisin$ manoeu!re of Chandrayaan-1 4as carried out on @ednesday 4hich too1 the lunar spacecraft closer to the moon+ the &ndian "pace (esearch Or$anisation said> Durin$ this operation at /,:0 hours+ the spacecraftEs AA/ -e4ton li?uid en$ine 4as fired for about three minutes+ the 8an$alore-head?uartered space a$ency said in a statement> I@ith this+ Chandrayaan-1 entered into a more elliptical orbit 4hose apo$ee (farthest point to earth) lies at .+=,+/// 1m 4hile the peri$ee (nearest point to earth) lies at A=< 1m> #hus+ Chandrayaan-1 spacecraftEs present orbit e3tends more than half the 4ay to the moon+I &"(O said> &n this orbit+ the spacecraft ta1es about si3 days to $o round the earth once> #he health of the spacecraft is bein$ continuously monitored from the "pacecraft Control Centre at &"(O #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 (&"#(AC) here 4ith support from &ndian Deep "pace -et4or1 antennas at 8yalalu near 8an$alore> &"(O said all systems on board the spacecraft are performin$ normally> One more orbit raisin$ manoeu!re is scheduled to send the spacecraft to the !icinity of he moon at a distance of about :+0A+/// 1m from the earth+ it said>

mar1ed it presence on the moon on *riday ni$ht after ha!in$ flo4n :+0=+///1m from the earth> &ncidentally this proud day for &ndia coincides 4ith ChildrenEs day 4hich ma1es it e!en more special> &ndia becomes the fourth nation after the B"+ (ussia FImagesG and ;"A to ha!e the national fla$ painted on the moon> #he moment of pride 4as !ery ob!ious at the &"(O #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1 (&"#(AC) at Peenya+ 8an$alore> "S!O C<"$F )PB$ T Madha!an -air+ &"(O chief+ had tears in eyes and said+ I&ndia can achie!e anythin$> &t sure is a proud moment for us> %e further said that the Moon FImagesG &mpact Probe had impacted at the desi$nated point at 0>:1 pm near the "cha1leton crater> #he impact probe 4as released from the Chandrayaan 4as released at 0>/=pm from the e?uator of the moon> #he ./-./ dream has been realised and Chandrayaan-. and an &ndian man on the moon 4ill be $al!aniMedI B')& ( & % O6$! T<$ %OO# Dr> A P D Abdul Galam+ former President of &ndia 4hose idea it 4as to plant the &ndian fla$ on the moon+ 4as seen punchin$ his fist in happiness> I&ndia has the fla$ on Mount ;!erest achie!ement+I he said>
FImagesG

and no4 it is on the moon+ he said> & con$ratulate &"(O on this remar1able

A beamin$ pro ect director Myls4amy Annadurai said+ I#he impact probe crash-landed on the moonEs lunar surface and disinte$rated> 8ut the fact is that 4e ha!e made an impact 4ith the #ricolor>#he #ricolor 4hich is no4 successfully painted on the moon+ 4as painted on all sides of the .5-1$ Moon &mpact Probe and 4as attached to the main orbitin$ spacecraft+ Chandrayaan1>I T<!$$ % JO! P D&O 'S #he impact probe 4ei$hin$ .5 1$ 4as ridin$ pi$$ybac1 on the top dec1 of the main orbitter and 4as released at a predetermined time after the orbiter reached the final 1// 1m orbit and impacted at the desi$nated location> #he main ob ecti!es of this mission comprise desi$n+ de!elopment and demonstration of technolo$ies re?uired for impactin$ a probe at a desired location on the moon> Qualify technolo$ies re?uired for future soft landin$ missions and e3ploration of the moon from close ran$e> #he moon impact probe comprises three ma or payloads> #hey are the radar altimeter+ !ideo ima$in$ system and mass spectrometer> #he (adar Altimeter 4ill measure the altitude of the moon impact probe abo!e the lunar surface and ?ualify technolo$ies for future landin$ missions> #he !ideo-ima$in$ system 4hich comprises of an analo$ CCD camera alon$ 4ith a !ideo decoder 4ill ac?uire ima$es of the surface of the moon from the descendin$ probe> #he Mass "pectrometer 4ill measure the constituents of tenuous lunar atmosphere durin$ descent> Image: Pictures of the moon's surface taken by Moon Impact Probe (MIP) on November 14, !!" as it approache# it after separating from $han#rayaan%1 spacecraft& Photograph $ourtesy: I'()

"nter4ie2s R E@e are a $o!ernment or$anisation+ not a companyE R -A"A chief on &ndiaEs moon mission 6ideo R &ndiaEs space a$ency ready to launch moon mission Specials R Doinin$ hands to e3plore the un1no4n R Ma1in$ "pace All &ts O4n !ediff E7 R Does &ndia really need a mission to MoonN Photos R Chandrayaan reaches the moon: &ndia oins "pace club R *irst pictures by Chandrayaan-1 R Chandrayaan lifts off successfully R &ndiaEs moon mission un!eiled

November 'D, )998

&"(O $ears up for further probes on the moon Chandrayaan sho4s &ndia means business in space+ says &"(O chief
November 'H, )998

-o4 flutterin$: #he #ricolour on the moon Galam hails &"(OEs achie!ement
November '7, )998

&ndiaEs 'unar entry is at hand

November 98, )998

Chandrayaan sucessfully orbitin$ the moon

November 9H, )998

Chandrayaan-1 successfully put into lunar orbit Chandrayaan-1 enters lunar transfer tra ectory
November 9', )998

Galam pleased 4ith Chandrayaan photo$raphs

#ctober 7', )998

PM sees first pictures from Chandrayaan

#ctober )*, )998

Chandrayaan-1 $ets closer to moon

#ctober )I, )998

Chandrayaan-1 enters deep space

#ctober )7, )998

Chandrayaan may re!eal moon mystery &"(O raises ChandrayaanEs orbit Chandrayaan-1 functionin$ normally: &"(O @hen the Moon Mission had a ma or scare
#ctober )), )998

Chandrayaan mission e3citin$+ says B" @hat Obama said about &ndiaEs Moon Mission

@e 4ill ha!e total map of the moon+ says &"(O chairman GM -air Chandrayaan pro ect director spea1s #he recent missions to moon Chandrayaan 4ill do 4hat others ha!enEt till no4 "endin$ &ndian to space ne3t mission: &"(O &ndiaEs space 4or1horse does it a$ain E1>: bn people are loo1in$ to the hea!ensE PM+ PreM con$ratulate &"(O scientists Chandrayaan: @hatEs in it for common manN Chronolo$y of &ndian satellite launches @orld hails &ndiaEs $iant leap in space 'i!e broadcast of Chandrayaan launch
#ctober )', )998

&ndiaEs maiden mission to moon *in$ers crossed at Chandrayaan launch site Moon mission countdo4n pro$ressin$ smoothly Chandrayaan to carry -A"AEs instruments
#ctober )9, )998

&ndiaEs moon mission is not insured+ says &"(O Chandrayaan-& inspires them to be scientists *inal countdo4n be$ins for &ndiaEs moon mission
#ctober '8, )998

Moon mission has strate$ic !alue: Galam

#ctober 'I, )998

All systems $o on Chandrayaan

!eptember '', )998

Chandrayaan-& passes critical endurance test

3ugust )9, )998

Chandrayaan-& launch in October or December: Gasturiran$an

Buly )I, )998

&ndia in1s treaty 4ith B" to e3plore the moon

February 9), )998

Chandrayaan a ne4 be$innin$ in &ndo-B" ties: B"&8C

Banuary 7', )998

Greater &ndo-B" space cooperation needed: &"(O chief &ndian on moon still far off: &"(O chief
?ecember '8, )99I

&ndia+ (ussia be$in tal1s on Chandrayaan-&& &"(O plans human colony on moon
2arch 9), )99I

&ndiaEs moon mission on trac1

November )9, )998

&"(O+ -A"A launch moon e3ploration pro$ramme

2ay 9*, )998

&"(O promises the moon for -A"A

2ay 9), )998

Chandrayaan to carry . -A"A payloads

February '), )99H

An &ndian on moon in ./ yearsN

November 'D, )998 )'E7I I!$ (!*t /p+!te+' November 'D, )998 )'E78 I!$

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#he &ndian "pace (esearch Or$anisation is $earin$ up to turn on se!eral probes+ a day after the bo3 carryin$ the Moon FImagesG &mpact Probe+ armed 4ith the tricolour+ crash-landed on the lunar surface to mar1 &ndiaEs presence on the moon> "cientists at &"(O told re!i$$,com that the $round4or1 to detach ei$ht other payloads from Chandrayaan-1+ in order to conduct further studies on the moon+ 4as under4ay>

"ndia>s %oon %ission #he &"(O #elemetry+ #rac1in$ and Command -et4or1+ 4hich performs the important tas1 of recei!in$ the si$nals transmitted by the spacecraft+ is also analysin$ the ima$es and data sent by the M&P> Director of &"(O "atellite Centre # A Ale3 said that they are $ettin$ ready to s4itch on the remainin$ payloads on board the spacecraft thou$h there is no pre-determined order to release the payloads from the spacecraft> "ma1es: Chandrayaan reaches the %oon #he %yper spectral &ma$er and the 'unar 'aser (an$er &nstrument 4ill be released on "unday+ follo4ed by the %i$h ;ner$y )-ray "pectrometer and other payloads in the ne3t fe4 days+ accordin$ to Ale3> #he %y"&+ 4hich is e?uipped 4ith the CCD camera+ is desi$ned for mappin$ minerals on the lunar surface and understandin$ the mineralo$ical composition of the moonEs interior re$ions> #he 'unar 'aser (an$in$ &nstrument pro!ides necessary data for accurately determinin$ the hei$ht of lunar surface features> 8oth the payloads ha!e been de!eloped in$eniously> >"ndia means +usiness in space> #4o payloads+ apart from the M&P+ are already functionin$> #he #errain Mappin$ Camera and (adiation Dose Monitor 4ere s4itched on before the spacecraft entered the lunar orbit> Ale3 added that the moon rise has been late in the last fe4 days> ICritical commands are e3ecuted durin$ moon rise as the moon faces the nation and 4e can send commands from our o4n control centres> Durin$ moon set+ the Chandrayaan & is trac1ed 4ith the help of stations 4hich are set up on forei$n soil+ includin$ Australia FImagesG and Bnited "tates+I he said> %oon %ission: "ndia is ha4in1 a +all The Journey to the %oon: Octo+er 22: Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft launched from "atish Dha4an "pace Centre in "rihari1ota at =>.. am> Octo+er 2:: #he spacecraftEs first orbit raisin$ manoeu!re performed at 5 am+ Chandaryaan-1Es apo$ee is raised to :,+5// 1m> Octo+er 28: "econd orbit raisin$ manoeu!re carried out at <>A0 am+ 4ith the spacecrafts apo$ee raised to ,A+,1< 1m> #o2 flutterin1: The Tricolour on the moon

Octo+er 2F: #he spacecraft enters deep space 4ith the third orbit raisin$ manoeu!re at ,>/0 am+ apo$ee raised to 1=A+=// 1m> Octo+er 2C: *ourth orbit raisin$ manoeu!re carried out at ,>:0 am> Chandrayaan-1 enters into a more elliptical orbit 4hose apo$ee lies at .=,+/// 1m> Octo+er 2C: #errain Mappin$ Camera onboard the spacecraft 4as successfully operated as it captures t4o ima$es -- at 0 am and 1.>:/ pm -of AustraliaEs northern and southern coast respecti!ely> #o4em+er G: *ifth and final orbit raisin$ manoeu!re successfully carried out at A><= am> Chandrayaan-1 enters 'unar #ransfer #ra ectory 4ith an apo$ee of about :0/+/// 1m> #o4em+er .: Chandaryaan-1 accomplishes its most comple3 manoeu!re+ Elinar orbit insertionE+ at <><1 pm to enter the lunar orbit> #o4em+er C: #he spacecraftEs first orbit intersection performed at 0>/: pm -- the nearest point of Chandrayaan-1Es orbit (periselene) from the

moonEs surface is reduced from </A 1m to .// 1m> #o4em+er 1-: #he spacecraft mo!es to 10, 1m from the moon> #o4em+er 11: Chandrayaan-1 mo!es into an orbit of 1/.-1m periselene> #o4em+er 12: #he spacecraft is placed in the final lunar orbit of 1// 1m> #o4em+er 1G: #he Moon &mpact Probe successfully hits the lunar surface at 0>:1 pm> #he M&P becomes the first &ndian built ob ect to reach the surface of the moon>