ANAEROBIC DIGESTER METHANE TO ENERGY

A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER METHANE TO ENERGY A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT

Prepared For

Focus On Energy
Prepared By

Thomas E. Vik, P.E. DEE McMahon Associates, Inc. 1445 McMahon Drive
Neenah, Wisconsin 54956 Telephone: 920.751.4200 Fax: 920.751.4284 E-mail: [email protected]
January 23, 2003 McM. No. W0937-920459

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES DETAILED SCOPE OF WORK ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SURVEY ELECTRICITY GENERATION OPTIONS PAYBACK ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS IMPLEMENTATION List Of Appendices Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Anaerobic Digestion Survey Siloxane Removal Capstone Microturbine Communities That Should Consider Electrical Generation From Digester Gas Appendix E - Project Summary Sheets

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I.

INTRODUCTION Approximately 85 communities in Wisconsin use anaerobic digesters at the wastewater treatment plant to process biosolids. Digester gas (60% to 65% methane) is a byproduct of this process. With proper treatment, this methane can be used in an internal combustion engine to drive a generator and make electricity for internal plant use or sale back to the utility. The purpose of this study is to determine the technical and economic feasibility of generating electricity from the methane using a packaged generation system that includes an engine, generator, gas treatment system and heat recovery system. The study would determine which size communities and treatment plants this technology makes economic and practical sense and would develop a priority list and implementation plan for those communities. McMahon Associates, Inc. was awarded a grant from Focus on Energy, which was matched by McMahon Associates, Inc. to undertake this assessment.

II.

OBJECTIVES A. B. Identify feasible sites for generation of electricity from digester gas. Determine the capital cost, operating cost and savings by generating electricity from digester gas for a selected range of project size. Graph payback by project size. Develop a project priority list on the basis of payback (most rapid payback is the highest priority). Develop an Implementation Plan that could be followed by each priority site. Prepare fact sheets citing the benefits of this project to assist in convincing decision makers to implement the project.

C. D.

E. F.

III.

DETAILED SCOPE OF WORK McMahon Associates, Inc. proposed the following detailed Scope of Work to Focus On Energy:

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER METHANE TO ENERGY A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT Focus On Energy

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A.

Develop an accurate list of municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin that utilize anaerobic digestion for biosolids processing. Contact each facility by telephone or site visit to determine the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. Current and design quantities of biosolids processed. Current and design methane production quantities. Current uses of methane. Size, configuration and condition of digesters and equipment.

B.

C. D.

Place each facility into a size category by plant capacity. Estimate methane production based upon plant size. Compare estimate to data received. Recommend digester gas production optimization or digester upgrade measures if appropriate. Estimate electricity generation potential for each plant size category. Estimate typical capital cost to design, furnish and install a packaged cogeneration system fueled by methane for each size category. Packaged system would include a methane driven engine, generator, gas treatment system and heat recovery system to send waste heat back to the digester for sludge heating purposes. Microturbines will be considered and evaluated as an option for generating electricity and for heat recovery. Calculate payback for each size category system evaluated considering O&M costs of the generation system and savings from generating electricity and from heat recovery. Graphically illustrate the economic benefit of implementing a cogeneration project of this nature. Prepare project summary sheets that illustrate the benefit of implementing a cogeneration project and furnish these to all communities in Wisconsin using anaerobic digestion. Develop an implementation plan that could be followed by each community to install a cogeneration system. Prepare a technical report that summarizes and documents the work effort undertaken. Place the document on the internet. Present the technical paper at wastewater and renewable energy conferences in Wisconsin and the Midwest. Furnish each Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility Superintendent with a copy of the technical report.

E. F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER METHANE TO ENERGY A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT Focus On Energy

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K.

Based upon the communities contacted and their situation, prepare a priority list of feasible projects for implementation of cogeneration along with the economics for each, making the projects with the most rapid payback the highest priority.

IV.

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SURVEY An anaerobic digestion survey (See Appendix A) was mailed to each wastewater treatment plant in Wisconsin that used anaerobic digestion to process biosolids. The purpose of the survey was to determine: A. B. C. D. Current and future loadings to the anaerobic digester. Gas production or volatile solids destruction, if known. Current uses of the digester gas. Electric usage and cost for electricity.

If digester gas production data was unavailable, an estimate of gas production was made based on the digester loading, volatile solids destruction and an assumed gas production value of 15 cubic feet of gas (at 65% methane) per pound of volatile solids destroyed. Methane production and kilowatt generation potential shown in Table 1 is based upon data obtained from the wastewater treatment plants surveyed. Example calculations along with assumptions made are shown below. Example 1 - Known Biosolids Quantities Community - Village of Grafton Primary Sludge to Digester Secondary Sludge to Digester Total Assume Volatiles are 75% Volatile Solids to Digestion = = 3,773 lb/day x 0.75 2,829 lb/day 2,580 lb/day 1,193 lb/day 3,773 lb/day

Assume 50% VSS reduction through digestion VSS Destroyed = 2,829 lb/day x 0.50

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER METHANE TO ENERGY A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT Focus On Energy

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1,415 lb/day

Assume 15-C.F. of digester gas produced per pound of volatile solids destroyed. Gas Production = = = = 1,415 lb/day VSS destroyed x 15 C.F./lb 21,225 C.F./day 21,225 C.F./day 24 hr/day x 60 min/hr 14.7 cfm

Gas Production (cfm)

Each microturbine will generate 30 KW at a digester gas feed rate of 13.13 cfm. KW Generation Potential = = 14.7 cfm x 13.13 cfm 34KW 30KW

Calculate value of electricity generated at 90% utilization and $0.04/KWH, using a 30KW microturbine 30KW x 24 hrs/day x 365 days/yr x 0.90 x $0.04/KWH = $9,461 (use $9,500)

Calculate value of heat recovered while operating the microturbine 200,000 BTU/hr x 24 hrs/day x 365 days/yr x 0.90 x $6.00 = 1,000,000 BTU Annual O&M costs of operating a microturbine: 30KW x 24hrs/day x 365 days/yr x 0.9 x $0.025 KWH $9,461 (use $9,500)

= $5,913 (use $5,900)

Payback Calculation: $100,000 $9,500 + $9,500 - $5,900

7.6 years

Example 2 - Unknown Biosolids Quantities (none given in survey) Raw Wastewater BOD Raw Wastewater TSS = = 3,958 lb/day 3,500 lb/day

Assume primary clarifiers remove 50% of the TSS and 30% of the BOD Primary Sludge = 3,500 lb/day x 0.50

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= Assume VSS VSS = = = = = = = = = = = = =

1,750 lb/day 75% 1,750 lb/day x 0.75 1,313 lb/day 3,958 lb/day x 0.70 2,771 lb/day 0.9 lb/lb BOD 2,771 lb/day x 0.9 2,494 lb/day 70% 2,494 lb/day x 0.70 1,746 lb/day 1,313 lb/day + 1,746 lb/day 3059 lb/day

BOD to Secondary System

Assume secondary sludge prod. Secondary Sludge

Assume VSS VSS

Total VSS to digester

Assume 50% VSS destruction in the digester VSS Destroyed = = 3,059 lb/day x 0.50 1,530 lb/day

Assume 15-C.F. of digester gas produced per pound of volatile solids destroyed. Gas Production = = = = 1,530 lb/day VSS destroyed x 15 C.F./lb 22,950 C.F./day 22,950 C.F./day 24 hr/day x 60 min/hr 15.9 cfm

Gas Production (cfm)

Each microturbine will generate 30 KW at a digester gas feed rate of 13.13 cfm. KW Generation Potential = = 15.9 cfm x 13.13 cfm 36KW 30KW

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Calculate value of electricity generated at 90% utilization and $0.04/KWH, using a 30KW microturbine 30KW x 24 hrs/day x 365 days/yr x 0.90 x $0.04/KWH = $9,461 (use $9,500)

Calculate value of heat recovered while operating the microturbine 200,000 BTU/hr x 24 hrs/day x 365 days/yr x 0.90 x $6.00 = 1,000,000 BTU Annual O&M costs of operating a microturbine: 30KW x 24hrs/day x 365 days/yr x 0.9 x $0.025 KWH $9,461 (use $9,500)

= $5,913 (use $5,900)

Payback Calculation: $100,000 $9,500 + $9,500 - $5,900 = 7.6 years

The results of the digester survey are summarized in Table #1 and are as follows: A. There are approximately 85 wastewater treatment plants in Wisconsin that use anaerobic digesters. Sixty plants responded to the survey. The 25 remaining plants are too small for cogeneration to be cost effective. The potential to generate 27 KW or more of electricity from digester gas exists at 39 of the 85 facilities. The remaining facilities do not generate enough methane for cogeneration to be cost effective. Of the 39 facilities noted above, enough digester gas is generated at current digester loadings, to generate 6,686 KW of electricity. The annual value of this is $2,343,000 at $0.04/KWH. Currently, electricity is generated by 8 of these facilities, or about 3,500 KW, about 50% of the potential available. Ten additional facilities use digester gas to power blowers or pumps. These facilities remove about 1,075 KW from the electric grid when operating on digester gas. There are 27 facilities of the 39 that use digester gas to heat the digester, plant buildings or just flare the gas. The total electrical generation potential at these facilities is 2,437 KW. Current power costs for those providing that information range from $0.04/KWH to $0.055/KWH.

B.

C.

D.

E.

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V.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION OPTIONS The digester gas can be used as fuel in reciprocating engines or in a microturbine. Each of these prime movers can power a generator to create electricity. Figure 1 shows a typical system to generate electricity from digester gas, with heat recovery. Typically, digester gas has 600 to 650 BTU/CF. A special carburetor is needed for the reciprocating engine. Also, hydrogen sulfide levels in the gas should be less than 1,000 ppm to prevent corrosion of the engine intervals. Levels above this amount can be removed with an H2S scrubber. Free moisture from the gas is removed with drip traps in the gas handling system at the wastewater treatment plant. A filter on the gas feed is used to remove particles. Gas pressure to the engine is typically 12 to 15-inches water column. To minimize maintenance on the engines, it may be necessary to remove siloxanes from the digester gas. Siloxanes are found in the residue of shampoo, hair conditioners and stick deodorants. In the digester, the siloxanes are volatized and go into the digester gas. When combusted in the engines, the siloxane forms into silica dust that clogs and damages the engines moving parts. Applied Filter Technologies has a commercially available filter to remove the siloxanes from the digester gas. This, plus moisture and particulate removal, should make up a typical gas handling skid prior to the engine. Appendix B contains information on siloxanes and Applied Filter Technology. A microturbine uses a compressor, recuperator, combustor, turbine and permanent magnet generator. The turbine spins at 96,000 rpm and uses air bearings. Digester gas needs to be compressed to about 15 psig and must be conditioned prior to use via drying and siloxane removal. Each cogeneration option should be provided with a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from burning the digester gas. Each engine option is about 30% efficient, resulting in 70% of the available energy in the digester gas being rejected as heat. A heat recovery system can recover about 1/3 of the waste heat for use to heat the anaerobic digester. The microturbines are available in 30 KW units. Multiple units are used to create higher output. Reciprocating engines are available for 100 KW applications or greater. Appendix C contains a cut sheet on the microturbines considered in this report.

VI.

PAYBACK ANALYSIS A payback analysis was undertaken to determine the cost effectiveness of generating electricity from digester gas. The following assumptions form the basis of the analysis:

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A.

Electricity generated would be used at each wastewater treatment plant to offset energy purchased. Each generating unit would be operated at 90% utilization. Space is available at each wastewater treatment plant to house the generating unit. Heat from the generating unit would be recovered and used to heat the anaerobic digester. A value of $6/mm BTU was assumed. A preliminary heat mass balance shows the heat recovered should be adequate to heat the digester. A detailed heat mass balance would be required at each facility prior to detailed design. Annual O&M for the microturbine was estimated to be $0.025/KWH and for the reciprocating engines $0.015/KWH. These figures were obtained from the respective manufacturers of this equipment and include gas conditioning O&M. Capital costs were obtained from Capstone and Caterpillar for the microturbine and reciprocating engines, respectively. Costs include the generating unit, gas treatment, compressor, heat recovery and installation. Reciprocating engines were used for generators greater than 120KW. All others are based on microturbines. The payback calculation is based upon the following equation:

B. C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

Capital Cost of Cogeneration + Gas Handling Electricity Savings + Heat Recovery Value - O&M Costs to Cogenerate & Scrub Gas Payback was calculated at an electric rate savings at $0.04/KWH. Appendix C shows payback for different size generator options. As expected, the payback time is shorter as more electricity is generated due to economy of scale. The longest payback period was 8 years at $0.04/KWH and one 30 KW unit. The shortest payback period was 4.8 years at $0.04/KWH and generating 613 KW. VII. CONCLUSIONS Based upon the results of the Statewide Digester Survey and the payback analysis using methane to generate electricity, we conclude the following: A. Eighty-five (85) Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants use anaerobic digestion to process their biosoilds. Methane, at about 650 BTU/CF is a byproduct of this
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER METHANE TO ENERGY A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT Focus On Energy
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process. B. A payback period of 8 years is possible by generating 30 KW of electricity with a microturbine at 90% utilization and an energy cost savings of $0.04/KWH including heat recovery at $6/mm BTU. If heat were not recovered to heat the digester while the engine is operating, the payback would increase to 16 years. Heat recovery is essential to making cogeneration cost effective. Cogeneration is cost effective, with heat recovery, for communities treating wastewater from a minimum population equivalent of 12,000 or about 1 MGD wastewater treatment plant or greater. Communities smaller than this would experience a payback of 10 years or greater if cogeneration were implemented. The payback period for cogeneration is sensitive to the value of the energy saved. If electricity costs were to double to $0.08/KWH, the payback periods noted above would be halved. There are 23 communities that could potentially use digester gas for cogeneration with a payback of 8 years or less. This list is in Appendix D. Together, these plants could generate 2,315 kW of electricity. A project summary sheet for each of these communities is in Appendix E.

C.

D.

E.

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VIII.

IMPLEMENTATION Based upon the results of this study, we recommend the following actions be taken by communities desirous of implementing cogeneration at their wastewater treatment plant: A. Retain an engineer to develop a more detailed design concept for cogeneration, gas conditioning and heat recovery, specific to the wastewater treatment plant under consideration. Refine capital, O&M costs and energy savings at that time. Prepare plans and specifications for the procurement and installation of a cogeneration system. These documents will require Wisconsin DNR review and approval to obtain a construction permit. Contact the local energy provider to determine financial incentives that may be available to assist with the engineering, construction and installation costs. Become a partner with Focus on Energy to develop an energy management plan for the wastewater utility and to provide funding assistance for the cogeneration project.

B.

C.

D.

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ANAEROBIC DIGESTER METHANE TO ENERGY A STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT Focus On Energy

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TABLE 1

SUMMARY OF METHANE GENERATION POTENTIAL

COMMUNITY
1. Milwaukee - South Shore Plant* 2. Madison* 3. Appleton 4. Kenosha** 5. Racine** 6. LaCrosse 7. Neenah-Menasha* 8. Waukesha 9. Oshkosh 10. Sheboygan** 11. Beloit 12. Brookfield 13. Wausau** 14. Manitowoc 15. Sturgeon Bay 16. HOVMSD* 17. Eau Claire* 18. Beaver Dam** 19. South Milwaukee 20. Monroe 21. Richland Center 22. Stevens Point 23. Rib Mountain 24. Watertown 25. Superior 26. Menominee 27. Burlington* 28. West Bend 29. Oconomowoc 30. Sun Prairie* 31. Waupaca** 32. Chippewa Falls ** 33. Grafton 34. Walcomet ** 35. Waupun 36. Heartland Delafield * 37. Jefferson 38. Whitewater 39. Port Washington ** 40. Two Rivers** 41. Rice Lake * 42. Stoughton 43. Merrill 44. Platteville 45. Plymouth 46. Marinette 47. Jackson 48. Algoma 49. Portage 50. New London 51. Hudson 52. Black Creek 53. Rhinelander 54. Mukwanago 55. Berlin 56. Kiel 57. Nekoosa 58. Cashton 59. Marathon 60. Augusta

CURRENT FLOW MGD

100 42 14.9 24 29 10 9 9 12 12 6 8 5 7.5 1.5 5 7 3 3.5 2.0 1 3.1 2.4 3.5 3.28 1.6 3.25 5 2.1 2.3 1.1 2.35 1.278 4.24 1.5 1.85 1.5 1.4 1.5 2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.3 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.35 0.10 0.25 0.23

METHANE PRODUCTION CF/Day

1,260,500 595,000 386,200 167,400 148,000 135,000 130,000 129,600 116,663 107,460 101,250 79,770 75,000 58,740 57,600 52,122 49,770 40,200 39,540 33,100 35,205 30,240 29,625 29,423 29,900 29,800 27,900 27,368 22,940 22,600 22,000 21,200 20,940 19,700 19,500 18,900 17,600 16,939 17,000 16,900 16,400 15,300 14,400 13,500 13,000 12,000 11,200 10,900 9,850 9,600 9,200 7,500 6,568 6,700 5,200 5,600 2,868 1,800 1,320 1,250

METHANE PRODUCTION CFM

875 413.2 268.2 116.3 102.8 93.8 90.3 90 81 74.6 70.3 55.8 52 40.8 40 36.2 34.6 27.9 27 23.0 24.1 21 21 20.4 20.8 20.7 19.4 19 15.9 15.7 15.2 14.7 14.5 13.7 13.5 13.1 12.2 11.8 11.8 11.7 11.3 10.6 10 9.4 9 8.3 7.8 7.6 6.8 6.7 6.4 5.2 4.6 4.6 3.6 3.9 2 1.3 0.9 0.9

KW GENERATION POTENTIAL
2000 944 613 266 235 214 200 200 185 171 161 127 119 93 90 83 79 64 63 52 56 48 47 47 47 47 44 43 36 36 35 34 33 31 31 30 28 27 26 27 26 24 23 21 21 19 18 17 16 15 14 12 11 11 8 9 4 3 2 2

* Currently Generating Electricity ** Engines on Methane

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TABLE 2

SUMMARY OF DIGESTER GAS USAGE

PLANT
Algoma Appleton Augusta Beaver Dam Beloit Brookfield Burlington Chippewa Falls Eau Claire Grafton Hartland Delafield HOVMSD Jackson Kenosha LaCrosse Madison Madison Manitowoc Marathon Marinette Menominee Merrill Mukwanago Neenah-Menasha New London Oconomowoc Oshkosh Portage Port Washington Plymouth Racine Rice Lake Richland Center Sheboygan South Milwaukee Stevens Point Sun Prairie Two Rivers Walcomet Watertown Waupaca Waupun Wausau West Bend Whitewater

DIGESTER GAS HEAT DIGESTER

X No No X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X No X X X X No X No X X X X X

USAGE HEAT BUILDING

X No No X No X ? X x X X X X ? X X X No X x X No X X No X X X X X X No X No No X No X No X X X X No

MAKE ELECTRICITY
No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes - 60 KW No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes - 150 KW No No No No Yes-Microturbine 30 KW 1-60 KW Genset No No No No No No No No

POWER PUMP OR BLOWER

No No No Yes 1-75 HP Blower 1-150HP Blower No No No 1-100KW Generator Currently Not Used Yes 1 Blower 3,000cfm, 8,000 cf gas/day No 1-400KW Generator Runs 125HP Blower No No No Yes 1-4,900 scfm Blower No 1-11800 gpm Pump at 41 TDH 2-475KW Generator 1-Blower 514,000KWH/year Generator 580 BHP Blower No No No No No No Yes 1-250KW Genset No No No No Yes 1-300 HP Blower No Yes Blowers 16--/day 1 at 15,000 cfm, 1 at 11,000 1 at 9,000 cfm No No Yes 1-20 Raw Pump, 500HP Cat---No No No 1-60KW Genset 1440 KWH/day 30,000 to 43,400 KWH/mo Yes - 1-100HP Blower When Gas is Available Yes - 2-40HP, 1-30HP Pump No Yes-Blower No Yes - 1-250HP Blower No No

X = Yes
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APPENDIX A
Anaerobic Digestion Survey

First Name Butch Pat Jeff Jessica Kim Don Emil Richard Michael Ron Connie Robert Mike John Bob James Dale Gary Craig Roger Wilber Tony Dean Ronald Tom Glen James

Last Name Boris Zastrow Gaede Garrat Krueger Quarford Benz Keller Kwiatkowski Eifler Wilson Schye McGinnis Allen Hyde Krueger Neis Sweeney Hendrickson Oren Salzwedel Rosemeyer Donner Childs Krueger Geurts Schreiber

Company Name Abbotsford WWTF Algoma WWTF Alma Center, Village of Appleton WWTP Augusta WWTP Beaver Dam WWTP Beloit WPCF Berlin Municipal WWTP Black Creek WWTP Burlington WWTP Cashton WWTP Chetek Wastewater Plant Chippewa Falls WWTP Delafield-Hartland WPCF Denmark WWTP Dickeyville WPCF Durand WWTP Eau Claire WWTP Edgerton WWTP Ettrick WWTF Fennimore WWTP Fontana-Walworth Water Pollution Control Footville WWTP Grafton Water and Wastewater Heart of the Valley MSD

Address Line 1 504 East Linden 179 North 6th Street 200 North Church Street 2006 East Newberry Street P.O. Box 108 Myrtle Road 2301 State Line Road

Address Line 2

City Abbotsford Algoma Alma Center Appleton Augusta Beaver Dam Beloit Berlin Black Creek Brookfield Burlington

State ZIP Code WI 54405 WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI 54201 54611 54915 54722 53916 53511 54923 54106 53045 53105 54619 54728 54729 53018 54208 53808 54736 54703 53534 54627 53809 53184 53537 53024 54130 54016

City Hall, 108 North Capron Street P.O. Box 272 P.O. Box 277 City Hall, 300 North Pine Street 811 Main Street 210 Water Street 30 West Central Street 416 Butler Drive 400 Mahlik Lane 400 Rita Avenue 104 East Main Street 1000 Ferry Street 12 Albion Street 22864 North Main Street 860 Lincoln Avenue P.O. Box 850 156 Depot Street 1900 9th Avenue 801 Thilmany Road 505 3rd Street P.O. Box 445 P.O. Box 202 P.O. Box 180107 P.O. Box 188

Brookfield Fox River WPCC 21225 Enterprise Avenue

Cashton Chetek Chippewa Falls Delafield Denmark Dickeyville Durand Eau Claire Edgerton Ettrick Fennimore Walworth Footville Grafton Kaukauna Hudson

Hudson Sewage Treatment City Hall Plant

First Name Jeff Michael Kerry Michael Greg Randy Paul Ronald Larry Warren Edward Thomas Forrest Frank Gerald Ronald Randall Mark Robert Louis Stephen Tom Bob Tom David Larry

Last Name Deitsch Kelly Gloss Geurts Paul Herwig Nehm Clish Heindl Howard Jenson Rein Perry Munsey Ellefson Oblinski Much Schraeder Yarrock Dresen Zigman Steinbach Peiterson Konrad Knetter Zickert

Company Name Address Line 1 Jackson Sewage Treatment W194 N16658 Eagle Drive Plant Jefferson WWTP 221 East Henry Street Kenosha, City of, Water Utility Kiel WWTF La Crosse Wastewater Utility Lodi WPCF Madison MSD Manitowoc WWTF Marathon WWTP Marinete WWTP Menomonie WWTP Merrill WWTF Milton, City of Milwaukee MSD Monroe WWTF Mukwonago WWTP Neenah-Menasha Sewerage Commission Nekoosa WWTP New Lisbon WWTF New London Wastewater Plant Niagara WWTF Oconomowoc WWTP Oconto Falls Sewage Disposal Commission Oshkosh WWTP Platteville WWTF Plymouth Utilities Commission 4401 Green Bay Road 100 Park Street 905 Houska Park Drive 113 South Main Street 1610 Moorland Road P.O. Box 1597 104 Chestnut Street 1905 Hall Avenue City Hall 1004 East First Street 402 North Street 8500 South Fifth Avenue 1224 10th Avenue West 1200 Holz Drive 101 Garfield Avenue 1348 Point Basse Avenue 218 East Bridge Street 215 North Shawano Street 1029 Roosevelt Road 900 South Worthington Street 104 South Franklin Street P.O. Box 1130 West Greenwood Avenue 12 South Milwaukee Street

Address Line 2

City Jackson Jefferson Kenosha Kiel La Crosse Lodi Madison Manitowoc

State ZIP Code WI 53037 WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI 53549 53140 53042 54601 53555 53713 53713 54448 54143 54751 54452 53563 53154 53566 53149 54956 54457 53950 54961 54151 53066 54154 549031130 53818 53073

P.O. Box 487 P.O. Box 135 800 Wilson Street

Marathon Marinette Menomonie Merrill Milton Oak Creek Monroe

P.O. Box 96

Mukwonago Menasha Nekoosa New Lisbon New London Niagara Oconomowoc

P.O. Box 70

Oconto Falls Oshkosh Platteville

P.O. Box 277

Plymouth

First Name Joseph Skip Joe Thomas John Ken Wally Michael Michael Bradley Dale Ed Duane Bob Tom Tim Don John Roy William John Mark Michael Robert Lawrence Alan Stephen Paul

Last Name Mueller Poster Mandala Scanlon Zatopa Johnson Thom Meyer Bryant Zautcke Doerr Rymer DeBoer Bronecki Adams Howe Ceplina Lynch LaViolette Mattke Krug Drake Thiel Coey Lambries Budworth Miller Lange

Company Name Port Washington WWTP Portage WWTF Racine WWTP Reesdburg WWTP Rhinelander WWTP Rib Mountain MSD Rice Lake WWTP Richland Center WWTP Saint Croix Falls WWTP Salem Utility Districts Sheboygan WWTP Sheldon WWTP South Milwaukee WWTF South Shore WWTP Sparta WWTF Spring Valley, Village of Stevens Point WWTP Stoughon Municipal Wastewater Sturgeon Bay Utilities Sullivan WWTF Sun Prarie WPCF Superior Sewage Disposal System Tigerton WWTP Tomahawk WWTF Two Rivers WWTF

Address Line 1 450 North Lake Street 1600 East Wisconsin Street 2101 South Wisconsin Avenue 802 Division Street City Hall 2001 Aster Road 1112 South Wsconsin Avenue P.O. Box 312 710 Hwy 35 South 28733 Wilmot Road 3333 Lake Shore Drive W5011 Co. V 3003 Fifth Avenue 8500 South 5th Avenue 201 West Oak Street P.O. Box 276 301 Bliss Avenue P.O. Box 383 230 East Vine Street 624 Bakertown Drive 300 East Main Street 1407 Hammond 221 Birch Street N9183 Ct. S 1415 Lake Street

Address Line 2

City Port Washington Portage Racine Reedsburg

State ZIP Code WI 53074 WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI WI 53901 53403 53959 54501 54403 54868 53581 54024 53179 53081 54766 53172 53154 54656 54767 54481 53589 54235 53178 53590 54880 54486 54487 54241 54665 53115 53094

P.O. Box658

Rhinelander Wausau Rice Lake Richland Center Saint Croix Falls Trervor Sheboygan Sheldon South Milwaukee Oak Creek Sparta Spring Valley Stevens Point Stoughton

P.O. Box 259

Sturgeon Bay Sullivan Sun Prarie Superior Tigerton Tomahawk Two Rivers

Viroqua Sewage Treatment City Hall Plant Walworth County MSD 975 West Walworth Avenue Watertown WWTP 800 Hoffmann Drive

202 North Main Street Viroqua Delevan P.O. Box 477 Watertown

First Name Pete Paul Glen Gus James Brad Jeffrey Tom

Last Name Conine Springsteen McCarty Strehlo Hron Tuttle Schiegel Zager

Company Name Waukesha, City of Waupaca Regional WWTP Waupun Public Utilties Wausau Sewage Utility West Bend, City of Whitewater Wastewater Division Whiting WWTP Wisconsin Rapids Wastewater Utility

Address Line 1 600 Sentry Drive 111 South Main Street 220 North Forest City Hall 512 Municipal Drive P.O. Box 178 3600 Church Street 2540 First Street South

Address Line 2

City Waukesha Wupaca Waupun

State ZIP Code WI 53186 WI WI WI WI WI WI 54981 53963 54401 53095 53190 54481 54494

407 Grant Street

Wausau West Bend Whitewater Whiting

Wisconsin Rapids WI

June 17, 2002

Re:

Anaerobic Digestion Methane to Energy McM. No. W0937-920459

Dear Mike: Wisconsin Focus On Energy has contracted with McMahon Associates, Inc. to assess the cost effectiveness of generating electricity from anaerobic digesters located at municipal wastewater treatment plants. This assessment will consider the use of packaged congeneration systems consisting of a generator, driven by a reciprocating engine or micro turbine, with gas treatment and heat recovery systems. The study will determine where this technology makes economic sense, and will develop a priority list of projects and implementation plan for each community where economics favor these systems. The implementation plan will consider financial incentives from Focus On Energy and local electric utilities in the form of grants, buy down dollars and favorable power purchase rates. At the completion of this project, we will furnish all project participants with a final report and a project summary sheet specific to your community where economics are feasible. In order for us to make this assessment, we need your help in the form of furnishing us with information on your wastewater treatment plant. Enclosed is a survey we request you fill out and return to us. Call me if you have questions or would like me to visit your site to obtain and pick up the data. We request you furnish us with the completed survey by July 31, 2002. I look forward to working with you on this exciting opportunity. Please contact me if you have any questions. Very truly yours, McMahon Associates, Inc.

Thomas E. Vik, P.E., DEE Vice President TEV:als cc: Charlie Higley - Wisconsin Focus On Energy
I.D. \MAILING\W0937\920459\AnaerobicDigestion.doc

STATE-WIDE SURVEY
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION METHANE TO ENERGY WISCONSIN FOCUS ON ENERGY
I. GENERAL INFORMATION Wastewater Treatment Plant Address:

Wastewater Treatment Plant Superintendent: Person Answering Survey: Telephone Number: Fax Number (if applicable): E-Mail Address (if applicable): Director Of Public Works: Address Of Director Of Public Works:

Mayor / Village President: City Hall / Village Hall Address:

Electric Utility: Telephone Number: (Please attach a photocopy of one months electricity bill to this survey.)

Prepared By McMahon Associates, Inc. Neenah, Wisconsin

STATE-WIDE SURVEY / Wisconsin Focus On Energy Page 1

STATE-WIDE SURVEY
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION METHANE TO ENERGY WISCONSIN FOCUS ON ENERGY
II. PLANT DATA
Current Design

Average Flow, mgd Average BOD, lbs./day Average TSS, lbs./day (Please attach Year 2001 CMAR to this survey.) Unit Processes: (Please attach a flow schematic of the plant to this survey.) Effluent Limits: (Please attach a photocopy of the WPDES permit page, which indicates effluent limits.) Current Sludge Data: Primary Sludge To Digester: Average Flow, gpd: Average Percent Solids: Average lbs./day: VSS, %: Is WAS wasted to the primaries: If YES, do the values above include WAS: WAS To Digester: Average Flow, gpd: Average Percent Solids: Average lbs./day: Is the WAS pre-thickened? If YES, how? Total Sludge To Digester: Average Flow, gpd: Average Percent Solids: Average lbs./day: VSS, %: Is total flow to digester measured? If YES, how?

Yes Yes

No No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Prepared By McMahon Associates, Inc. Neenah, Wisconsin

STATE-WIDE SURVEY / Wisconsin Focus On Energy Page 2

STATE-WIDE SURVEY
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION METHANE TO ENERGY WISCONSIN FOCUS ON ENERGY
Anaerobic Digester Data: Number Of Primary Digesters: Dimensions Each Unit, feet: Diameter: Sidewater Depth: Cone Depth: Volume, each unit, gallons: Type Of Mixing System: Operating Temperature, F: Boiler Name: Capacity, Btu/Hour: Fuel: Digester Gas? Natural Gas? Is Natural Gas Used To Heat The Digester? If YES, attach a photocopy 2001 of natural gas bills. Is Digester Gas Metered? If YES, supply volume on a monthly basis for 2001. Is Digester Gas Tested For Methane/CO2/H2S Content? If YES, attach a photocopy of test results. Is Digester Gas Used For Other Purposes? Building Heat? Power A Blower? Power A Pump? Generate Electricity?

Yes Yes Yes

No No No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No No No No No

If YES to any of the above, please provide the size of the blower or pump operated, hours/day of operation on digester gas, size of generator, kWh produced per day and month, and whether waste heat is recovered and reused.

Prepared By McMahon Associates, Inc. Neenah, Wisconsin

STATE-WIDE SURVEY / Wisconsin Focus On Energy Page 3

STATE-WIDE SURVEY
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION METHANE TO ENERGY WISCONSIN FOCUS ON ENERGY
Secondary Digesters: Number Of Units: Dimensions, each unit: Diameter: Sidewater Depth: Cone Depth: Volume, each unit, gallons: Mixing System If YES, type? Heated Or Unheated? Digested Sludge Characteristics: Volume, gpd: Mass, lbs./day: Percent Solids: Percent VSS: Class A? Class B? Total Volume Land Applied, mg/year If Dewatered, cubic yards/year: Yes No

Yes

No

Yes Yes

No No

I.D. \MAILING\W0937\920459\Survey-AnerobicDigestion.doc

Prepared By McMahon Associates, Inc. Neenah, Wisconsin

STATE-WIDE SURVEY / Wisconsin Focus On Energy Page 4

APPENDIX B
Siloxane Removal Information

Refer to web site:

http://www.appliedfiltertechnology.com/SAGTech.htm http://www.appliedfiltertechnology.com/Siloxane_basics.htm http://www.appliedfiltertechnology.com/Siloxane_problems.htm http://www.appliedfiltertechnology.com/Products.htm

APPENDIX C
Capstone MicroTurbine

Refer to web site:

http://www.microturbine.com

APPENDIX D
Communities That Should Consider Electrical Generation From Digester Gas

APPENDIX D

COMMUNITIES THAT SHOULD CONSIDER ELECTRICAL GENERATION FROM DIGESTER GAS

COMMUNITY Appleton LaCrosse Waukesha* Oshkosh Beloit Brookfield Manitowoc Sturgeon Bay South Milwaukee Richland Center Monroe Stevens Point Rib Mountain Superior Watertown Menomonie West Bend Oconomowoc Grafton Waupun Platteville Stoughton Jefferson Two Rivers Whitewater

KW GENERATION POTENTIAL 613 214 200 185 161 127 93 90 63 56 52 48 47 47 47 47 43 36 33 31 30 30 28 27 27

CAPITAL COST $1,500,000 $710,000 $663,000 $610,000 $400,000 $325,000 $250,000 $250,000 $250,000 $175,000 $175,000 $100,000 $175,000 $175,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $175,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000

ANNUAL SAVINGS $330,200 $109,700 $99,300 $92,300 $62,100 $51,900 $37,500 $37,500 $36,500 $25,000 $25,000 $12,500 $25,000 $25,000 $12,500 $12,500 $12,500 $25,000 $12,500 $12,500 $12,500 $12,500 $12,500 $11,250 $11,250

PAYBACK 4.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.8 7.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.9 8.9

* Cost opinion and annual savings are based on a Focus On Energy study dated September 19, 2002.

I.D. \REPORT\W0937\920459\StateAssess-WIFocusEnergy-TEV.doc

APPENDIX E
Project Summary Sheets

COMMUNITY: APPLETON
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $193,300 $193,300 $56,400 $330,200 $1,500,000 4.5 613 4,100,000 23,400 386,200 Current 14.9 24,193 53,672 85,620

Contact: Jessica Garrat Address: 2006 E. Newberry Street Appleton, WI 54915 Telephone No. (920) 832-5945

COMMUNITY: BELOIT
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $47,300 $47,300 $32,500 $62,100 $400,000 6.4 161 1,000,000 6,750 101,250 Current 6 16,360 9,498 18,000

Contact: Howard Hemmer Address: 3629 S. Walters Road Beloit, WI 53511 Telephone No. (608) 364-2982

COMMUNITY: BROOKFIELD
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $37,800 $37,800 $23,700 $51,900 $325,000 6.3 127 800,000 5,300 79,500 Current 8 9,875 12,210 14,500

Contact: Ron Eifler Address: P.O. Box 1296 Brookfield, WI 53008-1296 Telephone No. (262) 798-8631

COMMUNITY: GRAFTON
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $9,500 $9,500 $5,900 $13,100 $100,000 7.6 33 200,000 1,400 21,000 Current 1.278 2,333 2,918 3,773

Contact: Tom Krueger Address: 1900 9th Avenue Grafton, WI 53024 Telephone No. (262) 375-5330

COMMUNITY: LACROSSE
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $67,500 $67,500 $25,300 $109,700 $710,000 6.7 214 1,426,700 9,500 142,500 Current 10 20,564 14,300 19,000

Contact: Greg Paul Address: 905 Houska Park Drive LaCrosse, WI 54601 Telephone No. (608) 789-7322

COMMUNITY: MANITOWOC
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $28,500 $28,500 $19,500 $37,500 $250,000 6.7 90 600,000 3,900 58,700 Current 7.5 17,419 11,068 11,200

Contact: Ronald Clish Address: P.O. Box 1597 Manitowoc,WI 54221 Telephone No. (920) 683-4516

COMMUNITY: MENOMONIE
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $9,500 $9,500 $6,500 $12,500 $100,000 8 30 200,000 2,000 30,000 Current 1.6 4,670 4,670 5,300

Contact: Edward Jenson Address: City Hall, 800 Wilson Street Menomonie, WI 54751 Telephone No. (715) 232-2175

COMMUNITY: MONROE
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $19,000 $19,000 $13,000 $25,000 $175,000 7 60 400,000 2,200 33,000 Current 2.0 7,000 2,800 5,900

Contact: Gerald Ellefson Address: 1224 10th Avenue West Monroe, WI 53566 Telephone No. (608) 329-2590

COMMUNITY: OCONOMOWOC
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $9,500 $9,500 $6,500 $12,500 $100,000 8 36 200,000 1,529 22,940 Current 2.1 3,958 3,500 4,250

Contact: Tom Steinbach Address: 900 S. Worthington Street Oconomowoc, WI 53066 Telephone No. (262) 569-2192

COMMUNITY: OSHKOSH
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $58,300 $58,300 $24,300 $92,300 $610,000 6.6 185 1,230,000 7,800 117,000 Current 12 17,200 17,300 20,700

Contact: Thomas J. Konrad Address: P.O. Box 1130 Oshkosh, WI 54903-1130 Telephone No. (920) 232-5365

COMMUNITY: RIB MOUNTAIN

Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $19,000 $19,000 $13,000 $25,000 $175,000 7 60 400,000 2,000 30,000 Current 2.4 5,500 5,450

Contact: Ken Johnson Address: 2001 Aster Road Wausau, WI 54403 Telephone No. (715) 359-7852

COMMUNITY: RICHLAND CENTER

Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $19,000 $19,000 $13,000 $25,000 $175,000 7 50 2,300 34,500 Current 1.0 5,194 3,294 7,200

Contact: Michael Meyer Address: P.O. Box 312 Richland Center, WI 53581 Telephone No. (608) 647-3917

COMMUNITY: SOUTH MILWAUKEE

Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $19,000 $19,000 $13,000 $25,000 $175,000 7 63 400,000 2,636 39,540 Current 3.5 6,130 6,860 7,292

Contact: Duane DeBoer Address: 3003 Fifth Avenue South Milwaukee, WI 53172 Telephone No. (414) 768-8180

COMMUNITY: STEVENS POINT

Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $9,500 $9,500 $6,500 $12,500 $100,000 8 30 200,000 2,000 30,000 Current 3.1 7,538 6,683 7,200

Contact: Don Ceplina Address: 301 Bliss Avenue Stevens Point, WI 54481 Telephone No. (715) 345-5262

COMMUNITY: STURGEON BAY UTILITIES

Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $28,500 $28,500 $19,500 $37,500 $250,000 6.7 91 600,000 57,600 Current

Contact: Roy LaViolette Address: 230 E. Vine Street / P.O. Box 259 Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 Telephone No. (920) 746-2820

COMMUNITY: SUPERIOR
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $19,000 $19,000 $13,000 $25,000 $175,000 7 60 400,000 2,000 30,000 Current 3.28 3,487 5,608 6,230

Contact: Mark Drake Address: 1407 Hammond Superior, WI 54880 Telephone No. (715) 394-0251

COMMUNITY: TWO RIVERS

Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $8,550 $8,550 $5,850 $11,250 $100,000 8.9 27 200,000 1,125 16,900 Current 2.0 2,669 3,002 3,000

Contact: Lawrence L. Lambries Address: 1415 Lake Street Two Rivers, WI 54241 Telephone No. (920) 793-5558

COMMUNITY: WATERTOWN
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $9,500 $9,500 $6,500 $12,500 $100,000 8 30 200,000 2,000 30,000 Current 3.5 3,800 3,900 4,700

Contact: Paul A. Lange Address: 800 Hoffmann Drive / Box 477 Watertown, WI 53094 Telephone No. (920) 262-4085

COMMUNITY: WAUPUN
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $9,500 $9,500 $6,500 $12,500 $100,000 8 30 200,000 1,300 19,500 Current 1.5 3,300 3,500

Contact: Glen McCarty Address: 220 North Forest Waupun, WI 53963 Telephone No. (920) 324-7920

COMMUNITY: WEST BEND

Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $9,500 $9,500 $6,500 $12,500 $100,000 8 43 200,000 1,800 27,200 Current 5 4,706 7,095 5,200

Contact: James Hron Address: 512 Municipal Drive West Bend, WI 53095 Telephone No. (262) 334-3925

COMMUNITY: WHITEWATER
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $8,550 $8,550 $5,850 $11,250 $100,000 8.9 27 200,000 1,129 16,939 Current 1.4 2,802 4,192

Contact: Brad Tuttle Address: P.O. Box 178 Whitewater, WI 53190 Telephone No. (262) 473-5920

COMMUNITY: WAUKESHA
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $8,550 $8,550 $5,850 $11,250 $100,000 8.9 27 200,000 1,129 16,939 Current 1.4 2,802 4,192

Contact: Peter Conine Address: 600 Sentry Drive Waukesha, WI 53186 Telephone No. (262) 524-3626

COMMUNITY: JEFFERSON
Current Loadings Flow, MGD BOD, lb/day TSS, lb/day Solids To Digester, lb/day Methane Generation Volatile Solids Destroyed, lb/day Gas Produced, cf/day Cogeneration Potential Continuous KW Generation Capacity Heat Recovery Potential, BTU/hr Cost Issues Annual Energy Cost Savings Annual Recovered Heat Value Annual O&M Cogeneration Costs Net Annual Savings Cogeneration Capital Cost Estimate Project Payback, years $8,906 $8,900 $5,850 $950 $100,000 8.4 28 207,400 1,170 17,550 Current 1.5 4,000 2,100 3,000

Contact: Michael Kelly Address: Jefferson Wastewater Treatment Plant 221 East Henry Street Jefferson, WI 53549 Telephone No. (920) 674-7705

Focus on Energy is a public-private partnership offering energy information and services to energy utility customers throughout Wisconsin. The goals of this program are to encourage energy efficiency and use of renewable energy, enhance the environment, and ensure the future supply of energy for Wisconsin. focusonenergy.com 800.762.7077