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3 Strength Curves

The document discusses the strength curve for axially loaded steel columns. It explains that a column can fail either through plastic yielding of the entire cross section at a stress of fy, or through elastic buckling at a stress given by (π2 EI / λ2). The strength curve graphs these two failure modes, with the point of intersection C indicating the changeover between yielding and buckling failure. This point C occurs at a slenderness ratio λc given by E λc = π fy. The strength curve can also be presented in non-dimensional form by plotting (ff / fy) against a generalized slenderness λg, which provides a single curve to define column strength regardless of its

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57 views3 pages

3 Strength Curves

The document discusses the strength curve for axially loaded steel columns. It explains that a column can fail either through plastic yielding of the entire cross section at a stress of fy, or through elastic buckling at a stress given by (π2 EI / λ2). The strength curve graphs these two failure modes, with the point of intersection C indicating the changeover between yielding and buckling failure. This point C occurs at a slenderness ratio λc given by E λc = π fy. The strength curve can also be presented in non-dimensional form by plotting (ff / fy) against a generalized slenderness λg, which provides a single curve to define column strength regardless of its

Uploaded by

albsteinpor
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design of Steel Structures

Prof. S.R.Satish Kumar and Prof. A.R.Santha Kumar

5.3 Strength curve for all ideal strut


We will assume that the stress-strain relationship of the material of the column is as shown in Fig. 5.5. Such a strut under compression can therefore resist only a maximum force given by fy.A, when plastic squashing failure would occur by the plastic yielding of the entire cross section; this means that the stress at failure of a column can never exceed fy , shown by A-A1 in Fig. 5.6(a).

Fig 5.5 Idealised elastic-plastic relationship for steel

From Fig. 5.4, it is obvious that the column would fail by buckling at a stress given by (2 EI / 2)

Fig 5.6(a) Strength curve for an axially loaded initially straight pin-ended column
Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Design of Steel Structures

Prof. S.R.Satish Kumar and Prof. A.R.Santha Kumar

Fig 5.6(b) Strength curve in a non-dimensional form This is indicated by B-B1 in Fig. 5.6(a), which combines the two types of behaviour just described. The two curves intersect at C. Obviously the column will fail when the axial compressive stress equals or exceeds the values defined by ACB. In the region AC, where the slenderness values are low, the column fails by yielding. In the region CB, the failure will be triggered by buckling. The changeover from yielding to buckling failure occurs at the point C, defined by a slenderness ratio given by c and is evaluated from
2 E 2c

fy =

(5.6)

E c = fy

Plots of the type Fig. 5.6(a) are sometimes presented in a non-dimensional form as illustrated in Fig. 5.6(b). Here (ff / f y) is plotted against a generalized slenderness given by

g = / c =

fy f cr

(5.7)

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Design of Steel Structures

Prof. S.R.Satish Kumar and Prof. A.R.Santha Kumar

This single plot can be employed to define the strength of all axially loaded, initially straight columns irrespective of their E and fy values. The change over from plastic yield to elastic critical buckling failure occurs when g = 1 ( i.e when fy = cr ), the corresponding slenderness ratio is E / fy . This slenderness ratio demarcates short and long columns.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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