Brian Yu Per 1 Chapter #27: Empire and Expansion Big Picture Themes 1.

. The Spanish-American War saw the U.S. gain Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guantanomo Ba in !u"a, the Phi#ippines, an$ other sma##er is#an$s. %. The Phi#ippines pro&e$ to "e har$ to han$#e since the 'i#ipino peop#e $i$n(t want the U.S. there. The wage$ a gueri##a war an$ resente$ American contro# unti# it was turne$ "ac) o&er to the Phi#ippines a*ter WW++. ,. The U.S. manage$ to get an -.pen /oor Po#ic 0 with !hina. This opene$ the Asian giant to internationa# tra$e. 1. Te$$ Roose&e#t "ecame a &igorous presi$ent who o"taine$ an$ "ui#t the Panama !ana#. His -Big Stic) Po#ic 0 towar$ 2atin America increase$ America(s in*#uence, "ut a#so increase$ animosit towar$ the U.S.

Chapter #27: +$enti*ications A#*re$ Tha er 3ahan A#*re$ Tha er 3ahan was a U.S. 4a& o**icer who insiste$ on the integra# use o* the sea an$ spent a #ot o* time in na&a# histor . $e 2ome 2etter $e 2ome 2etter was written " a Spanish minister an$ containe$ $etai#s a"out 3c5in#e an$ ha$ negati&e opinions on him. This hin$ere$ the re#ationship "etween the Spanish an$ Americans. 6mi#io Aguina#$o 6mi#io Aguina#$o #e$ a 'i#ipino in$epen$ence mo&ement against Spain "ut was un*ortunate# unsuccess*u# an$ were he#$ capti&e " the U.S. Arm . Te##er Amen$ment The Te##er Amen$ment $enie$ an U.S. anne7ation o* !u"a, mitigating hosti#it "etween the two. Rough Ri$ers Rough Ri$ers were en#iste$ " Theo$ore Roose&e#t an$ were a group o* rugge$ men

Brian Yu Per 1 that *ought at San 8uan Hi## in !u"a. Anti-+mperia#ist 2eague The Anti-+mperia#ist 2eague $i$ not *a&or the anne7ation o* the Phi#ippines an$ how America was "ui#$ing an empire9 in the en$, it *ai#e$ to ma)e their case. 'ora)er Act The 'ora)er Act ga&e Puerto Ricans citi:enship as we## as a #imite$ popu#ar go&ernment. P#att Amen$ment The P#att Amen$ment authori:e$ American mi#itar +nter&ention whene&er it saw *it an$ ga&e a permanent #ease *or a na&a# "ase at Guantanamo Ba . Spheres o* +n*#uence Spheres o* +n*#uence are #ocations that are contro##e$ economica## an$ po#itica## " another countr "ut are not go&erne$ " it. Phi#ippine +nsurrection The Phi#ippine +nsurrection was the tension "etween the U.S. troops an$ 'i#ipinos "e*ore anne7ation which #e$ to war. .pen /oor Po#ic The .pen /oor Po#ic $eman$e$ respect *or the !hinese rights an$ pre&ente$ the creation o* a monopo# in !hinese tra$ing. Bo7er Re"e##ion The Bo7er Re"e##ion too) p#ace in Bei;ing who sought to *ight *oreigners "ut was put $own " British troops. Big Stic) Po#ic The Big Stic) Po#ic was $ip#omatic *or it *ocuse$ on U.S. power an$ intimi$ate$ *oreign countries without actua## ta)ing action. Roose&e#t !oro##ar The Roose&e#t !oro##ar e7ten$e$ the 3onroe /octrine which rein*orce$ the a"i#it to use the mi#itar to protect economic interests in the South an$ !entra# America.

Brian Yu Per 1 Portsmouth !on*erence The Portsmouth !on*erence en$e$ the Russo-8apanese War an$ #e$ to Roose&e#t earning the 4o"e# Peace Pri:e. Gent#emen(s Agreement The Gent#emen(s Agreement state$ there wi## on# "e a certain num"er o* wor)ers immigrating to the U.S. "ut the wi&es o* 8apanese inha"itants ma ;oin their hus"an$s. Chapter #27: Identifications America Turns .utwar$ 1. What *actors cause$ America to turn its attention to the wor#$ "e on$ her "or$ers<

+mperia#ism was a huge *actor *or wh America sought #an$ in *oreign countries. America ha$ a #ust *or an empire o* its own an$ create$ hosti#e *oreign po#ic . The earning to tra$e o&erseas as we## as a racist &iew that others who are o* #ower stature shou#$ "e contro##e$ e7acer"ate$ their gree$ to e7pan$. Another *actor was to compete with other wor#$ powers an$ to seem stronger than the rest. Spurning the Hawaiian Pear 5now= >ueen 2i#iuo)a#ani %. Wh $i$ Presi$ent !#e&e#an$ not want to anne7 Hawaii< 'rom the "eginning, the popu#ation ha$ starte$ to $ecrease $ramatica## . The anne7ation o* Hawaii wou#$ mean a great $ea# to Americans "ac) at home who cou#$ use the #an$ to grow their crops. Howe&er, Queen Li iuo!a ani wishe$ *or the is#an$s o* Hawaii to "e contro##e$ " their own peop#e. Presi$ent !#e&e#an$ chose not to anne7 Hawaii "e*ore the treat cou#$ "e sent to the Senate *or &arious reasons such as the gui#t o* ha&ing "etra e$ the >ueen an$ her peop#e. !u"ans Rise in Re&o#t ,. What was happening in !u"a that cause$ Americans to "e concerne$<

3an re"e#s a$opte$ a scorche$-earth po#ic in an attempt to $ri&e out the Spanish o&er#or$s who were contro##ing their countr . The wou#$ "urn $own cane-*ie#$s an$ sugar mi##s. The insurgents wou#$ e&en "#ow up trains with passengers. The re"e##ion was e&entua## put $own "ut at the cost o* sen$ing man ci&i#ians to concentration camps. The hosti#it in !u"a $i$ not he#p the re#ationship "etween the Spanish an$ Americans. /ewe ?s 3a /a @ictor at 3ani#a 5now= Te$$ Roose&e#t, George /ewe

Brian Yu Per 1 1. Wh $i$ !ommo$ore /ewe ha&e such an eas &ictor o&er the Spanish *#eet at the Phi#ippines<

!ommo$ore /ewe sai#e$ into 3ani#a(s har"or with his &arious warships an$ waite$ *or or$ers. Tedd" #oose$e t then comman$e$ %eorge &e'e" to sen$ the American Asiatic SAua$ron. The Spanish *#eets were Auic)# surroun$e$ an$ their &esse#s were comp#ete# $emo#ishe$. The art o* surprise was on their si$e a#ong with the *act that man o* the Spanish ha$ o#$ ships that cou#$ "are# sustain it. The !on*use$ +n&asion o* !u"a 5now= Rough Ri$ers, Te$$ Roose&e#t, San 8uan Hi## B. /escri"e the *ighting in !u"a. The *ighting in !u"a was an eas win with #itt#e "#oo$she$, "esi$es $iseases. The Rough Ri$ers, who were groups o* rugge$ men, were #e$ " Tedd" #oose$e t. He comman$e$ them to *ight at (an )uan *i where Spanish troops were easi# $e*eate$. The Spanish *#eet *#e$ awa an$ Puerto Rica was in&a$e$. !u"a "ecame *ree a*ter negotiations "etween the Spanish an$ Americans in Paris. America?s !ourse C!urse<D o* 6mpire 5now= Anti-+mperia#ist 2eague E. What were the arguments *or an$ against the anne7ation o* the Phi#ippines< The anne7ation o* the Phi#ippines was a$&ocate$ " those who wishe$ to e7pan$ their mar)ets o&erseas. There were those who wishe$ to "ui#$ an empire an$ "e#ie&e$ in imperia#ism which a#so sought *or the anne7ation o* the Phi#ippines. Howe&er there were some who oppose$ it such as the +nti,Imperia ist League. The $i$ not thin) that acAuiring #an$ that was e7treme# *ar wou#$ "e "ene*icia# at a## an$ some e&en state$ it went against their tra$ition. 3a)ers o* America= The Puerto Ricans F. How has U.S. citi:enship cause$ Puerto Ricans to "e $i**erent *rom other immigrants< Puerto Ricans were po#itica# e7i#es who ha$ *ought *or !u"an in$epen$ence. When the *ina## achie&e$ their goa#, the popu#ation "oome$. 3onopo# starte$ to appear that sought *or the contro# o* sugar in Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rican immigrants sprea$ a## throughout the U.S. inc#u$ing Ari:ona, 4ew 8erse , Utah, "ut most# in 4ew Yor) where there were cigar *actories, ship ar$s, an$ garment in$ustr . Perp#e7ities in Puerto Rico an$ !u"a 5now= +nsu#ar !ases,P#att Amen$ment, Guantanamo G. /escri"e American treatment o* !u"a a*ter the Spanish-American War. Un$er Genera# 2eonar$ Woo$, there were impro&ements such as hea#th, e$ucation, an$ agricu#ture. 67periments #e$ to the conc#usion that e##ow *e&er was cause$ " a certain t pe

Brian Yu Per 1 o* mosAuito9 as a resu#t, there were e**orts to e#iminate these insects an$ $isease. The Insu ar Cases $enie$ the rights o* citi:enship to Puerto Ricans an$ 'i#ipinos. The P att +mendment authori:e$ American mi#itar inter&ention whene&er it saw *it an$ ga&e a permanent #ease *or a na&a# "ase at %uantanamo Ba . 4ew Hori:ons in Two Hemispheres H. What were the outcomes o* the Spanish-American War< A*ter the Spanish-American War, the U.S. "ecame an o**icia# wor#$ power. The U.S. was a"#e to gain the respect *rom man *oreign countries an$ as a resu#t, "ecame more in&o#&e$ with wor#$ a**airs. There was an o&era## increase in nationa#ism an$ the con*#icts "etween the 4orth an$ the South were *ina## sett#e$, "ringing a sense o* unit to the Unite$ States o* America. I2itt#e Brown BrothersI in the Phi#ippines 5now= Wi##iam Howar$ Ta*t, Bene&o#ent Assimi#ation 1J. +n what wa $o the Phi#ippines show the goo$ an$ "a$ si$es o* American imperia#ism< The 'i#ipino ;ust sought *or *ree$om which was hin$ere$ "ecause o* American imperia#ism. Americans got their wa an$ cou#$ easi# contro# the nati&es with their use o* concentration camps an$ water cure. +mpro&ements were ma$e to the countr a*ter the war such as "etter sanitation, new roa$s, "etter hea#th, an$ "etter econom . -i iam *o'ard Taft "ecame a ci&i# go&ernor o* the Phi#ippines an$ the .ene$o ent assimi ation o* 3c5in)e#e he#pe$ *i7 roa$s. Hinging the .pen /oor in !hina 5now= Bo7er Re"e##ion 11. Was American in&o#&ement in !hina "ene*icia# to !hina< The .pen /oor Po#ic was not o* high interest to the !hinese. The attempt to protect the rights o* the peop#e #e$ to insurgents rising, starting the Boxer #e.e ion. Howe&er, *orces gathere$ an$ the were put $own. 3onetar &a#ue was gi&en to the U.S. as compensation. The .pen /oor was sti## intact "ecause o* the Treat o* Wanghia. +mperia#ism or Br anism in 1HJJ< 1%. What issues were important in the 1HJJ e#ection< The issue in the 1HJJ e#ection was that 3c5in#e was accuse$ o* ens#a&ing mi##ions o* 'i#ipinos " the /emocratic Part (s Br an. Howe&er, shoc)ing# , 3c5in#e $i$ not e&en ha&e to start campaigning. He ha$ a#rea$ $one a #ot *or the countr an$ ha$ won the peop#e o&er with %H% to 1BB e#ectora# &otes. TR= Bran$isher o* the Big Stic) 5now= Big Stic), Bu## Pu#pit 1,. Gi&e e&i$ence to show that Te$$ Roose&e#t was an uncon&entiona# presi$ent<

Brian Yu Per 1 Te$$ Roose&e#t ha$ the i$ea that it wou#$ "e "etter to go a## out unti# the en$ then to ;ust $o nothing unti# it(s a## o&er. A#so, he ha$ a strong "e#ie* in that one must spea) so*t# "ut a#so the carr a Big (tic! in or$er to "ecome success*u# an$ go *ar in #i*e. His ego was e&i$ent an$ $i$ not respect parts o* the go&ernment *or he c#aime$ to ha&e powers as #ong as it $i$ not go against the !onstitution. Bui#$ing the Panama !ana# 5now= Ha -Paunce*ote Treat , Phi#ippe Bunau-@ari##a, 11. Wh was the Panama route chosen *or the cana#< The *a",Pauncefote Treat" ga&e the U.S. the right to "ui#$ a cana# "ut conce$e$ the right to *orti* it as we##. Phi ippe Bunau,/ari a stage$ a re&o#ution in Panama. A cana# cou#$ easi# "e "ui#t on Panama an$ Roose&e#t too) matters into his own han$s an$ "ought the #an$ *or his own usage. TR?s Per&ersion o* 3onroe?s /octrine 5now= Roose&e#t !oro##ar , /ominican Repu"#ic, Ba$ 4eigh"or 1B. 67p#ain the simi#arities an$ $i**erences "etween the 3onroe /octrine an$ the Roose&e#t !oro##ar < The #oose$e t Coro ar" inc#u$e$ the economic techniAues in or$er to o"tain wor$ power. The U.S. wou#$ pa $e"ts that 2atin American countries owe$ so that the cou#$ not contro# them. Tari** co##ections were manage$ " the U.S. in the &ominican #epu. ic an$ the Bad 0eigh.or po#ic came a"out. The U.S. cou#$ use mi#itar power to ta)e o&er 2atin American countries. Roose&e#t on the Wor#$ Stage 5now= Russo-8apanese War, Portsmouth 1E. How $i$ Te$$ Roose&e#t win the 4o"e# Peace Pri:e< Te$$ Roose&e#t won the 4o"e# Peace Pri:e " en$ing the #usso,)apanese -ar1 This was en$e$ " the Portsmouth !on*erence in 4ew Hampshire. The peace *e#t coerce$ an$ the Russians *e#t uncom*orta"#e "ecause o* it. The 8apanese "ecame to grow hosti#it towar$s the Americans an$ wou#$ soon #ea$ to a war. 8apanese 2a"orers in !a#i*ornia 5now= Gent#emen(s Agreement, Great White '#eet 1F. How $i$ a schoo# "oar$ in !a#i*ornia act in a wa that *irst hurt an$ then he#pe$ American-8apanese re#ations< The schoo# "oar$ in !a#i*ornia attempte$ to segregate Asians in or$er to teach the white popu#ation in a case o* earthAua)e. The 8apanese $i$ not #i)e this at a## "ecause o* their &a#ues o* honor, pri$e, an$ integrit . This #e$ to a *u## on war that was en$e$ with the %ent emen2s +greement. Roose&e#t sent the %reat -hite 3 eet to secure the RootTa)ihara Agreement.

Brian Yu Per 1 @ar ing @iewpoints= Wh $i$ America Become a Wor#$ Power< 1G. What cause$ America?s *ora into imperia#ism< /e*en$ our opinion. America(s *ora into imperia#isms was cause$ " the acts o* other countries an$ how the e7pan$e$ as we##. The U.S. sought to recei&e the respect an$ merit o* *oreign countries. A#so, " *o##owing imperia#ism, the were a"#e to "ecome a wor#$ power an$ "ecome engu#*e$ within the wor#$ a**airs. The outsi$e "ecame new )now#e$ge *or the peop#e an$ iso#ation was o"#iterate$.