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The Neuron: Parts and Classifications

The document discusses the parts and classifications of neurons. It describes the three main parts of a neuron: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. It details the functions of each part. Neurons are classified based on the number of processes as multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar neurons. They are also classified based on function as efferent, afferent, or interneurons.

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Sam Tagarda
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121 views

The Neuron: Parts and Classifications

The document discusses the parts and classifications of neurons. It describes the three main parts of a neuron: the cell body, dendrites, and axon. It details the functions of each part. Neurons are classified based on the number of processes as multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar neurons. They are also classified based on function as efferent, afferent, or interneurons.

Uploaded by

Sam Tagarda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Neuron

Parts and Classifications

The Neuron
Functional unit of the CNS and PNS AKA nerve cell 3 Components:
1. Cell body 2. Dendrite 3. Axon

Parts of a Neuron
1. Perikaryon or Cell Body
Part containing the nucleus and the cytoplasm Trophic and synthetic center Receptive to stimuli

Parts of a Neuron
2. Dendrite
Short, branching processes specialized to receive stimuli from the environment, sensory epithelial cells, or other neurons Becomes thinner as they subdivide into branches

Parts of a Neuron
3. Axon
Single process emanating from the perikaryon Long and cylindrical Varies in length and diameter according to neuron type Diameter is constant throughout its entire length Generates and conducts nerve impulses to other cells
Note: may also receive information from other neurons

Classification of Neurons
Based on the number of processes 1. multipolar neurons Single axon, multiple dendrites Majority of neurons

Classification of Neurons
2. Bipolar neurons 1 axon, 1 dendrite Location: Retina Olfactory mucosa Inner ear cochlea Vestibular ganglia

Classification of Neurons
3. Unipolar or pseudounipolar neurons Single process from the perikaryon Bifurcation occurs close to the cell body Two branches: peripheral process and central process Location: Spinal ganglia, cranial ganglia

Classification of Neurons
Based on its functional roles
1. Efferent Neuron
AKA Motor Neuron Transmits impulses from CNS to muscle fibers or glands

2. Afferent Neuron
AKA Sensory Neuron reception of sensory stimuli from the environment and within the body

3. Interneuron
establish relationships among other neurons Accounts for 99 percent of total neurons

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