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Ignition 3

This document discusses auto-ignition temperature and the flammability limits of air-methane mixtures. It shows that the lower flammability limit decreases with increasing temperature, while the upper limit increases. Thermal ignition processes are easier to control than detonations. The concepts of thermal ignition were first presented by Semenov and later improved on by Frank-Kamenetskii. Semenov's theory is better suited when heat exchange within the reaction system is fast compared to the surroundings, while Frank-Kamenetskii's theory applies when heat exchange with the surroundings is faster.

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Jayant Raj Saurav
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8 views

Ignition 3

This document discusses auto-ignition temperature and the flammability limits of air-methane mixtures. It shows that the lower flammability limit decreases with increasing temperature, while the upper limit increases. Thermal ignition processes are easier to control than detonations. The concepts of thermal ignition were first presented by Semenov and later improved on by Frank-Kamenetskii. Semenov's theory is better suited when heat exchange within the reaction system is fast compared to the surroundings, while Frank-Kamenetskii's theory applies when heat exchange with the surroundings is faster.

Uploaded by

Jayant Raj Saurav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2 Ignition

auto-ignition

Temperature

flammable mixture
upper flammability limit lower flammability limit

25C 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

Air equivalence ratio A

Figure 2.2: Schematic drawing of the temperature dependence of the ammability limits of an air-methane mixture at 1 bar lling pressure. The lower limit decreases with the temperature, while the upper limit increases [15].

processes are easier to control than detonations. To continue the considerations about thermal ignition also external eects have to be kept in mind. For thermally insulated vessel walls it is possible that the thermal induction period could persist for a very long span of time. In such a case, the heat of the corresponding slow reaction remains in the system and step by step self-heats the reactive mixture until ignition occurs. The probability for thermal explosion is very low, if the vessel is not insulated and the heat is transferred to the external ambient. Hence, equilibrium is reached very fast between the heat release and the heat loss. The concepts for thermal ignition were rst presented in analytical forms by Semenov [16] and later in more exact form by Frank-Kamenetskii [17]. If the heat exchange in the reaction system is fast in comparison to the heat exchange with the surrounding (vessel surface, etc.), the theory of Semenov is better suited. The theory of Frank-Kamenetskii is a better model if the heat exchange with the surrounding is faster than the heat exchange within the system . In the following sections, which are mainly according to [14], [18] and [19], the analysis of Semenov and Frank-Kamenetskii are presented.

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