: Reinforcement - Detailing Manual Robin Whittle ‘Research & Development Group, Ove Arup Partnership LAL KIN SIN Dip (Sra), B.Eog (ons) Se (Civ En Ciil/strvctural Engineer A Viewooine pubicationdant yo teas we Contents General Assumptions and ications Detain structions Prefered detailing methods Reinforcement Barretresing Bartending Easybends ‘andlesbars Rebendiagof tars. Mechasical sping Welding of reinforcement Lighweie agaregte structural concrete Li Seope 12 Design notes 12 Concrete pade 122 Cover 1.22. Minimum are of einforement 124 Sarspacing iaB 2S. Anchorage andlapsing of bars uve} GA 1.2.81 Pad footings and cohen sis By 22 Tewbnetiiad 12.52 Pecans 2 2 2» 1.26 Standard pile caps 1.2.7 Ground tabsEy 2s n 28 1a bs 129 Rak 1.210 Duet anattenher 1.21) Columa and waters 1.242 Chars References Desaing information Presentation of working drawings 181 Traditional metod 1.52. Representatisns methos 2 Retaining Wa aa 22 2a as Scope Design notes 221 Consrte rade 222 Cover 2.23 Minimum sex telforcement 2.24 Maximum area of verical reinforcement 225 Barepecng 2.26 Archorageandeppag of bre 2.27 Edgewall conneaionsto abs 228 Comer deals 229 Construction irs 22.10 Wallsrers 22:1 Linksinwalls Detaling information Presentation of working drawings 25.1 Freestanding reining wal) 2.5.2 Basement retaeing wal 3Cotumes al aa Seope 3.24 Concrete grade 322 Cover 3.23 Minimum area of elaercement 5.24 Maximum ates on einforemens 325 ar opacng 3.26 Lapping of tars 3.22 Moment coanesens beeen bstm and se clurino e o o z e ~ 0 32.8 Shear apacity of clue 329. Borsingaction 3.2.10 Stare bars 23. References 34 Detaling information: 415. Presentation of working craigs 25.1 Tradhdons method 515.2 Represeatational method evans 41 Seope 42 Design otes 421 Coneregrade 422 Cover 423 Minimum areal enforcement 462.4 Maximum aes of vets reinforcement 42.5 Barspacing 42.5.1 Minimum spacing 42.52 Masimum spacing — venical and horaonal bats 426 Anchorage andanping of har 427 Edgewalleonnestion a sabs 426 Comer esis 429 Halflancines 42:10 Openingsin als 43 References 44 Deabing information 45. Presentation of working drawings Beams 52. Desi rots S21 Concrete grade 22 Cover 5.23 Minimum area of enforcement 5.24 Maximum area of main infrcenent 5.28 Anchorare ana iapping af bart 5.2.7 Curalmeat of longus einfrcement in beams 528 Curamen: of longitudinal enforcement incomes 529 Arrangement ois1 0) to1 10) 101 10 1 3.2.10 Connection ge columns 5.211 Shesrcapciyof elo and bursting ation 52.12 Torsion teinforement 53. References 544 Destin intermacion 5.5. Preseataton of working drawings 5.5.1 Traditional mato 55.2 Representations meio 5.53 Broad beans sabe 61 Scope 62 Designaoies 62.1 Concrete ade 622 Cover 62.3 Minimum area ofrsnforement 624 Barspacng 62.5 Anchorage and tapping of bars 626 Curaitnent of min reinforcement 627 Reinforcement os 628 Secondary enforcement 629 Tonionlafocenent 162.0 Shear reaforcement fort slabs 6.2.1 Holes in slabs {62.12 Connetion ovals, 63 References 64 Decsiling information 65 Presentation of working drawings 65.1 Sicgleway sts 652 Finslabs 653 Cotteredsab 6.54 Shear reinforcemen for tts 7 Staircases 2 Scope 72. Design notes 724 Conerte grade 322 Cover 223 Minimuy are of rnfrcsment 724 Barspocngio he ho 0 m m 1m a a 83 84 7125 Anchorage andapping of bas 72.6 ad supported sarah 112.7 Camere saltighs 17.2.8 Connection to walls 7128. Sotom consecion of saighsto ground Nero functions 72.0 Handrail eopporte 2h Precast alr References Detaing information Presentation of working drawings 115.1 End supported ahs 182 Canileversieghs Seope Design notes 821 Concetegrade 822 Cover 2.3 Minimum are of rnforement 24 Maximum arenof main reinforcement 225 Borspacing 1.2.6 Anchorege and lapping of bars 82.7 Arrangement of einforcement 2. Corbis 182.12 Half joins beams £12.23 Continsous iss References Detainginformation | |Introduction ‘The primar aim in producing his Mandal isto provide a andrd bass for ‘oramuniation baween the Design Engle an the Dear Is ures sivngaconssen evel of presentation athe work sed ts Conrators ‘Thescope of he Manual hasbeen confined simple eemensofinsitureinforced ‘once constuction rated inthe UK“ CP 10: 1972 frst basi al etal ‘Sndcommensin te Manoa. ‘The Manual consis of gener ott followed by seston cn Foundations Reining wall Colums Wats Sabo Sai Cbs, hlf joins ane nibs Scope Design nts Guidance on concrete grade cover, 0 psi problems hat shoul Becosdered References 1st ofrelevaneeausesia CPO: 1972 Detsnginfoomation List of nfotntion ear by Dee, Preseation of wOrRINeGawings Typical example, Model ets Yelow het shonine preted method of ealing ‘This Manual doesnot give adequate enforcement deta fr Earthquake conion, Watering suture. See CIRIA Oude 5: Gul teas of voteprey basement) Preset corre, Pretest concee. ‘Deep bans. (See CIRIA Guide 2 The deen of on tom in reinforced concrete) Hea it enginsring sutures brig, dockyard nd te.Assumptions General Assmptions Geomerc proportions of the elementshavebeen chosen ach that he iiaorcement —( Ftswithootconeeion i Cover, anchorage, are asd on: Concrete grade of SON! Mia et 250N/om? igh its 4ON/nm or 16mm da. and under {25 Nom or over 16mm ia, “Type 2bond characterises Note: Mil sel ismare expensive than ih eld reinforcement. Hower its aes necessary where bends in high yi bars use congestion or in stuaion where are Sas ate expectes (eg where ebendngof bars reqe). Drsbityeiteron relates to mild, modete and severe condiiona gen in Table 19 eterno, Flreresstanceisased on 1% hors, Desi fo char are not eneray shownas these ar assumed fo betheconretors sesponeiy, Limitations ‘Tre te of corosion estan eitorese: lve or sales ste) aot incodee Spell ues fo th ws of ghia serrate srctra conse are given on page i. Theseareapplcabevo te det Walsand beams only. ingen inthis Manual or les, staiess, Detling rales do not cover or: Shrinkage sans Sans duet iferenia! movementsing instrtons ‘The established mess of prodcing dain instructions by submiting tothe + Detale extrats from the relevant design etons ofthe produto caleltons. Hower, for any particular type ors of projec the calelatons, an consequently the dean isracsons, produced by eitferent engineers vary sorldray bahia Format content. These arsine ffs the effiesy athe fim pata that (3) Tre variation me he shocking of slelations a isrution by engineers within afr ne consuming and laborous. Ip adion the comenieation of | “sign information external checking nithorites canbe vances conse and prorated. (©) teakes longer forthe Deter to abso the reinforcoment information piven end Increases the posible ned fr cacaton als leads toa deer of abortive Work and misusdestaning between engineers and deers Toimpeove he eficenc of his prt ofthe workit ine ggsted tht agar Format for ealatins be adptos tough air. is refered tha the ensnet shoal recognise andar the guidelines glen ahs Manual ost the diferent sitavons at aris. As fr athe general presentation of aelatons fring sn insructon tothe Detale are concerned he folowing pol shold be consgered ‘shes planning production eaeuations (@) Instructions shoul bender, An ede alulatio index normaly sulficion, (©) Basie desig information lating o concrete a reinforcement rads tre resistance durability end esocated concrete cover shuld been byt Clelatin shet preceding the dain intutins (©) Dessilng intsutins should compris nly eneuation shes dseibing the tome and enforcement egurement of pana srctra lee ‘Tres no weed opie shes relating a geeral ana i ofthe sate, stabi anas, compe sigs. (@)_ Detain intormaion shuld te given in the sight aad marin ofthe clelton ‘het. Notwthuandng this, where the elelaons er an eeent or sees of "ements ar lengthy oF complex the relevant teefocomen information shou be entaced and peste by a summary set (©) Theseof marked up production drewigs a summary ascentable where {ies nlrlstions sefien to conetiuespermaacotcsien record ave teen prepared and aresobmitestothe Detar. (9 Sketch dtl enforcement uns and urtaliments 04d only be en fhe required dus ot sovereaby the andar gives inthis Manel. (@) Fach panicuiar structural element reques specie dsign and geometric Information, Ths infomation even nollie in Eteing information ‘oben each estionf the Maul Where he mol detail ven inthis Manes! re not appible tothe geometric contiguaion ie Detaler may povide table aeratvs sed on snl(CALCULATION SHEET Blok & TYPICAL Floo® mm FEEETOWIN (234 €/7 [sence BEAM STRIPS: DESION ee Lee " OFFICES mew AS. "24-6.18 C0 WESC > = ie rier+ Peter eating methods Preformed capes ‘The ably for te reinforcement dtals tobewed to make preformed cages is estbed. allows the Contato Lo es rg proportion of the reinforeemen One lace and tom ther ithe cat Into peon witht we of rane, _Bxumpe: The beam/colua ersction demonstate some basi rls inthe refereed method of dtaing sch cages, namely (a) Neier the Botom pan bir 0h ik ager ars exten into the column (©) Continuity though the colin is provide by themaln suppor barsand by bottom support bat of apropriee ss, ‘Thisarrangemen of ste hes we major adventge. Fc the links, bottom span Sas 4andliak hanger bars canbe completly prefabriatd. Sond since the uppon bars, enct have tote poisoned Flaite detating ‘The term ‘Fete Detling ited o mean he mthodof dealing en brs separate tn] burs ofa element. Ths ethadenrures tha he soret tae ed by alied amount of telescoping the splice It as0 ‘ncoutages ie deraling of preformed cages. A ypc earl of his the dtl of iebotlm spc brs a the supports of cttiauovebeans which ap on oth,Reinforcement Sree are ‘Scag ars are easier to eu, supply fi than bars wit bend. They shoul be sed wherever posible, Bars 12m dan over shoal be chealed o's manu (of 12 meee ares han 1mm dla shel be sched oman of @ ees Prefered shapes Where ben tars are eqired the pterl shapes dfined in BS 66 shouldbe sed wherever pose Onis In genera his Manus does nt incude he dating ofp se support hairs snce ‘hiss ausumed tbe tmecontracor' repost. An ecepton ft concerns ‘multicolumn foundation andafs ee etion 212) Supply sh enforcement is suppliedinacordance wih BS 439.1978 Specification for hotrod seers for he enforenetaf conte mc uni) tne BS tet TS ‘Specification for cold worked tee bars jor the reforement of concrete fet pei Four main pes of bar ens: Bs 4449 BS 444s Bs 4461 SAG einforcemen fram other European coun cn be recog by she deifcton| marks on te bars—Barreterencing tm em “The standard mts of ba te 6, usally take longer to oa, Length ‘The length fare normaly spp rom stocks 1 neues for bars 2mm a. an over. Longer bars maybe specially ordered, However, hil generally nen ibe ‘elvery ume and Inrese the cos. Bares tha 12 im a re normaly supped from cle Dive The prefered abbreviations forthe quali of hese! provide ate as folloms: = Round ilé tee bars a led brs witha charac strensthof| BON nm and complying with BS 480, T= Type high ie ste bars complying with BS 440° BS 4461 witha characteristic sxength of 460 N/mm fr dames upto andncucng 6mm, and 28 N/m fordiameersexcesing 16mm X = Types ot covered by Rot Fane fll escriion mst be posit, gout exists on he exact definition ofeach ares, ros ceference shouldbe rmadevo the Speciation for he jo Example: 2073201200, Number of bts 2» ‘Type of wee r Dianise of bars 2 Marko 0 ch ofbars (where apical) 20 ‘other absevation that my be ade to tis sti inde Barn totiomof dab B.B cnewosay sabe Dotcom ayer of bottom sinforcenent Tborsintapof slab TE Untmoavayslabsytoplayer af top rsnfrcement NF. bats ta fac of wal oy soln FFF. barsin fa fase of wale ome AP, barstterarly places ALR bar ateratels reverend A'S. barateratly waggeed UB Uters r2..018.Bar Bending (1.72) “The spinon for bending siensoes and sebeding of brs given in BS 4466 9A Fhe layou ofthe Bending ened bet sows hal esl) a aa | a | “Te information sven a the tones matted son the topline scoped onto he bar tage and thorns il pee of formation othe ste Ber ops ‘These areted a ech bande of bars nl must con the following information: ‘Bar shapes "Prefered and ‘Other shapes re dfced in BS 44: 1981 Mech refered types sel abi are dein in BS 48) 1969 andar valle in sees ofthestangad sue a8 x 2.40 ‘Cin nd von rleroncs Wherean overall or aninttnal dimension ‘Sta bent aris specied he tclranceunksrovere ated, 3 en efolowin tbe 25mm _—__| Seaiahita_elengisineuding bars be bent ending dinensions in. ‘Tre cutng length the sum ofthe ening inensions an specified rounded tothe nearest 25 rm owances ‘Closed dering olerances Where a ote jem of detaing ha been used and he reinforcement i require oft between two conte faces & 5 Further deduction fr tclerance aed on bending igen Inthe living table ee CP 110, Cl. 3.11324 Distance between Tou i cone faceh ‘Type otbar edition 7 1 inks and oter beat bars 0 eI Link andotber ben bar 1s ~ ovr? Links ander bea bas » ‘Anylenath Sab bars o fay bends (13.11.68) w ‘The standard adi of bend for bars i + @) 2x dameter of bar iter 3 x dimer of ba, ater aus or mit ee radius for high ysl sles upto and inetoing 2m (©) 4 x dameter of bar, internal radia or high ide ices 25mm and over . ‘he radi of bends requtd io be greater than the standard for some erumsanses wherethe fl stress in he bars being uted (CP 110, CL. 311.6.) Tables place a ihe do this seton pve ales ofthe ras of Ded for osretepadeof N/mm Tor . ise steel design sess. Examples of where Ear bend ay be suited a (@)_Endcolamn aed wall connitionso beam o slab (©) Caniever reining was (Comets (8) Bouom bar fr simple pile tp t tn circumstances whe rail compresive sess exist or whete a bit i pated inside nd perpendicular othe bend tips redsee ihe large rai of ben. Ayoiteabare (0.3.1.3. c “Thedefnion of bundled bars is 3104 bar grouped tose. ‘Wen barsareso grouped sey mays be etn yank, Bundi bars must have 4x indidal bar size waeeer incutiinen lu Cc“The following table shows the equivalent tarsi a Bsn soups. “Fauiatenitarsies | Bungie bare 2a ee ar aviv. [Tout | Equiv | Tow) | Eau Sie sie "| ara | ste | aren | ice 16 2 os |e 2 » B oo | 3s * | Fy | imo | 0 i 2 wo | as) ano | 3s | dam | | «| ao | 3 | om | @ | sao | fo 1 so [sem | on | sor | | tess | 100 | ‘Note: Equlvalent sae have ben rounded off to nesest whole number. \When using barsina group the ete printer based on the cmv perimeters oF ‘he iv bars how 3 Rebending of tars (1.7.2) ‘Where the contusion egies the ebendng of bars, pene these shoul Bea mildstee Rats en ut ofthe conerete soul ot exceed 2m Gace. Atypialetamsleof this osc for hal ning betwen maa ors,- Rebending of eer sizeof bas shoud be consdees ony when the materia hasbeen sccesuly subjected oa eben estas peed in BS or BS 4. Mechanical sping ‘Wheretherenfocement ina stton ix congested mecha splicing mey be wed to > ood eet There sre two eine types of mechani spi (2) Compression . (6) Tension Compression spee * ‘These are generally a simple ag which ensres that the wo end of barsare sonenti CCL “Ones splice wes Moreen ed CL End faces of bars must be prepsred in accordance with he specialist erature, Tension coupler ‘These are more completed fit han the compression colts and the couplers require io trast the flltnsion of thebar,Amumber of iferen yes eas on ‘he market and speci lteatre stout be consulted. CCL "Ale sept and - Serene tension spies. Neti of reinforcement (C1. 311.668087.5) 4 Weidng of reinforcement shoul be evoidd wherever pose I ecsary a ¢ strength welds mst be specified. Under no circumstances should ack welding on ste be permite . ‘Under 0 circumstance shoud the bending of bar the weld be permed. Tigmeseagmge sma onaee ‘This Manu is ppliablefr the uso ghee agerese suture concrete for Sls, sirats, walls and beam. However, se flowing adjustments to cover, anchorage esti and bearing seses Inside bencs should benotes. There adjustments ate conte ede of Shonen 3 Cove (1. 3.11.2,3:12210) ‘Sats and isicses, lovernaluse asmmorAnchorage lneth(C13.1.6,3.12.20) “Tension snchoragelenath: Mile ste igh yee 28, Type2) (460, T3pe2) ‘Compessionanchorane length Mia est High ita (28, Type: (460, T9982 14x diameter bar 40 x diameter of bat 14 diameter of bar 52 x dlameerof 128 « vals ingeeral able 1.25 vale in geveral table Dearing res ise Bends (C31 6.8304 3.12.12) “The bearing tess insies bend most aot aces half hat fr normal dense concrete