Specific Heat of Materials:

found at : http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/

Gases - Specific Heats and Individual Gas Constants

The specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume processes, and the ratio of specific
heat and the individual gas constant - R - for some common used "ideal gases", can be found in
the table below (approximate values at 68oF (20oC) and 14.7 psia (1 atm)):

Gas or Vapor

Ratio of
Specific
Heats

cp
cv
cp
cv
o
o
(kJ/kg K) (kJ/kg K) (Btu/lbm F) (Btu/lbm F)

=
cp / cv

cp - cv
(kJ/kg K)

Formula

Acetone
Acetylene

Specific Heat

1.47
C2H2

Air

Individual Gas
constant
-Rcp - cv
(ft
o
lbf/lbm R)

1.32

0.35

0.32

1.11

0.15

1.69

1.37

0.35

0.27

1.232

0.319

59.34

1.01

0.718

0.24

0.17

1.40

0.287

53.34

Alcohol

C2H5OH

1.88

1.67

0.45

0.4

1.13

0.22

Alcohol

CH3OH

1.93

1.53

0.46

0.37

1.26

0.39

Ammonia

NH3

2.19

1.66

0.52

0.4

1.31

0.53

Argon

Ar

0.520

0.312

0.12

0.07

1.667

0.208

Benzene

C6H6

1.09

0.99

0.26

0.24

1.12

0.1

Blast furnace gas

1.03

0.73

0.25

0.17

1.41

0.3

Bromine

0.25

0.2

0.06

0.05

1.28

0.05

Butatiene

96.5

55.05

1.12

Butane

C4H10

1.67

1.53

0.395

0.356

1.094

0.143

26.5

Carbon dioxide

CO2

0.844

0.655

0.21

0.16

1.289

0.189

38.86

Carbon monoxide

CO

1.02

0.72

0.24

0.17

1.40

0.297

55.14

0.67

0.55

0.16

0.13

1.21

0.12

0.48

0.36

0.12

0.09

1.34

0.12

Chloroform

0.63

0.55

0.15

0.13

1.15

0.08

Coal gas

2.14

1.59

Combustion products

Carbon disulphide
Chlorine

Ethane

Cl2

C2H6

1.75

1.48

0.39

0.32

1.187

0.276

2.01

1.95

0.48

0.47

1.03

0.06

C2H4

1.53

1.23

0.4

0.33

1.240

0.296

55.08

He

5.19

3.12

1.25

0.75

1.667

2.08

386.3

Ether
Ethylene

0.24

Freon 22
Helium

51.5

1.18

Hexane

1.06

Hydrochlor acid

0.795

0.567

H2

14.32

10.16

3.42

2.43

1.405

4.12

765.9

Hydrogen Chloride

HCl

0.8

0.57

0.191

0.135

1.41

0.23

42.4

Hydrogen Sulfide

H2S

0.243

0.187

1.32

Hydroxyl

OH

Hydrogen

1.76

1.27

1.384

45.2
0.489

Gas or Vapor

Specific Heat

Ratio of
Specific
Heats

cp
cv
cp
cv
o
o
(kJ/kg K) (kJ/kg K) (Btu/lbm F) (Btu/lbm F)

=
cp / cv

cp - cv
(kJ/kg K)

cp - cv
(ft
o
lbf/lbm R)

0.518

96.4

Formula

Krypton
Methane

CH4

Methyl Chloride

CH3Cl

0.25

0.151

2.22

1.70

Natural Gas

2.34

1.85

Neon

1.03

0.618

0.59

0.45

1.304

0.240

0.200

1.20

0.56

0.44

Individual Gas
constant
-R-

30.6

1.27

0.5

1.667

0.412

Nitric Oxide

NO

0.995

0.718

0.23

0.17

1.386

0.277

Nitrogen

N2

1.04

0.743

0.25

0.18

1.400

0.297

4.69

4.6

1.12

1.1

1.02

0.09

Nitrogen tetroxide

79.1

54.99

Nitrous oxide

N2O

0.88

0.69

0.21

0.17

1.27

0.18

35.1

Oxygen

O2

0.919

0.659

0.22

0.16

1.395

0.260

48.24

Pentane

1.07

Propane

C3H8

1.67

1.48

0.39

0.34

1.127

0.189

35.0

Propene (propylene)

C3H6

1.5

1.31

0.36

0.31

1.15

0.18

36.8

Water Vapor
Steam 1 psia. 120
o
600 F

1.93

1.46

0.46

0.35

1.32

0.462

Steam 14.7 psia. 220

1.97

1.5

0.47

0.36

1.31

0.46

Steam 150 psia. 360

2.26

1.76

0.54

0.42

1.28

0.5

0.64

0.51

0.15

0.12

1.29

0.13

0.16

0.097

Sulfur dioxide (Sulphur

SO2

Xenon

24.1

Solids - Specific Heats

Product

(Btu/lbm F)
o
(kcal/kg C)

Agate

(kJ/kg K)
0.80

Aluminum bronze
o

0.436

Aluminum, 0 C

0.21

0.87

Antimony

0.05

0.21

Apatite

0.2

0.84

Product

Specific Heat
- cp o

(Btu/lbm F)
o
(kcal/kg C)

Arsenic

(kJ/kg K)
0.348

Artificial wool

1.357

Asbestos cement board

0.2

0.84

Asbestos mill board

0.2

0.84

Ashes

0.2

0.84

Asphalt

0.22

0.92

Augite

0.19

0.8

Bakelite. wood filler

0.33

1.38

Bakelite. asbestos filler

0.38

1.59

Barite

0.11

0.46

Barium

0.07

0.29

Basalt rock

0.2

0.84

Beeswax

0.82

3.4

Beryl

0.2

0.84

Beryllium
Bismuth

1.02
0.03

Boile scale

0.13
0.80

Bone

0.11

0.44

Borax

0.24

Boron

0.31

1.3

Brass

0.09

0.38

Brick, common

0.22

0.9
1

Brick, hard

0.24

Bronze, phosphor

0.09

Cadmium

0.06

0.25

Calcite 32 - 100F

0.19

0.8

Calcite 32 - 212F

0.2

0.84

Calcium

0.15

0.63

Calcium carbonate

0.18

Calcium sulfate

0.27

Carbon, Diamond

0.12

0.52

Carbon, Graphite

0.17

0.71

Carborundum

0.16

0.67

Cassiterite

0.09

0.38

Cement dry

0.37

1.55

Cement powder

0.2

0.84

Cellulose

0.37

Celluloid

0.36

Product

Specific Heat
- cp o

(Btu/lbm F)
o
(kcal/kg C)

(kJ/kg K)

Charcoal

0.24

Chalk

0.22

0.9

Chalcopyrite

0.13

0.54

Charcoal, wood

0.24

Chromium

0.12

0.5

Clay

0.22

0.92

Coal, anthracite

0.3

1.26

Coal, bituminous

0.33

1.38

Cobalt

0.11

0.46

Coke

0.2

0.85

Concrete, stone

0.18

0.75

Concrete, light

0.23

0.96

Constantan

0.41

Copper

0.09

0.39

Cork, Corkboard

0.45

1.9

Corundum

0.1

0.42

Cotton

0.32

Diamond

0.15

0.63

Dolomite rock

0.22

0.92

Duralium
Earth, dry

0.92
0.3

Electron

1.26
1.00

Emery

0.96

Fats

0.46

Fiberboard, light

0.6

2.5

Fiber hardboard

0.5

2.1

Fire brick

0.25

1.05

Fluorite

0.22

0.92

Fluorspar

0.21

0.88

Galena

0.05

0.21

Garnet

0.18

0.75

Glass

0.2

0.84

Glass, crystal

0.12

0.5

Glass, plate

0.12

0.5

Glass, Pyrex

0.18

0.75

Glass, window

0.2

0.84

Glass-wool

0.16

0.67

Gold

0.03

0.13

Product

Specific Heat
- cp o

(Btu/lbm F)
o
(kcal/kg C)

(kJ/kg K)

Granite

0.19

0.79

Graphite

0.17

0.71

Gypsum

0.26

1.09

Hairfelt

0.5

2.1

Hermatite

0.16

0.67

Hornblende

0.2

0.84

Hypersthene

0.19

0.8

0.35

1.47

Ice -112 F
o

Ice -40 F

0.43

1.8

0.47

1.97

Ice 32 F (0 C)

0.49

2.09

India rubber min

0.27

1.13

India rubber max

0.98

4.1

Ice -4 F
o

Ingot iron

0.49

Iodine

0.218

Iridium

0.03

0.13

Iron, 20 C

0.11

0.46

Labradorite

0.19

0.8

Lava

0.2

0.84

Limestone

0.217

0.908

Litharge

0.21

Lead

0.03

0.13

Leather, dry

0.36

1.5

Lithium

0.86

3.58

Magnetite

0.16

0.67

Malachite

0.18

0.75

Manganese

0.11

0.46

Magnesia (85%)

0.2

0.84

Magnesium

1.05

Marble, mica

0.21

0.88

Mercury

0.03

0.14

Mica

0.12

0.5

Mineral wool blanket

0.2

0.84

Molybdenum

0.272

Nickel

0.461

Oliglocose

0.21

0.88

Orthoclose

0.19

0.8

Osmium

0.130

Specific Heat
- cp -

Product

(Btu/lbm F)
o
(kcal/kg C)

Oxide of chrome

(kJ/kg K)
0.75

Paper

0.33

1.336

Paraffin wax

0.7

2.9

Peat

0.45

1.88

Phosphorbronze

0.36

Phosphorus

0.80

Pig iron, white

0.54

Pinchbeck

0.38

Pit coal

1.02

Plaster, light

0.24

Plaster, sand

0.22

0.9

Plastics, foam

0.3

1.3

Plastics, solid

0.4

1.67

Platinum, 0 C

0.032

0.13

Porcelain

0.26

1.07

Potassium

0.13

0.54

Pyrex glass

0.2

0.84

Pyrolusite

0.16

0.67

Pyroxylin plastics

0.36

1.51

0.19

0.8

0.17

0.71

Quartz mineral 55 - 212 F

Quartz mineral 32 F (0 C)
Red lead

0.092

Red metal

0.381

Rhenium

0.14

Rhodium

0.24

Rock salt

0.22

Rosin
Rubber

0.92
1.30

0.48

Rubidium

2.01
0.33

Salt

0.21

0.88

Sand, dry

0.19

0.80

Sandstone

0.22

0.92

Sawdust

0.21

0.9

Selenium

0.33

Serpentine

0.26

1.09

Silica aerogel

0.2

0.84

Silicon

0.75

Silicon, carbide

0.67

Product

Silk
o

Silver, 20 C

Specific Heat
- cp o

(Btu/lbm F)
o
(kcal/kg C)

(kJ/kg K)

0.33

1.38

0.056

0.23

Slate

0.76

Sodium

0.3

1.26

Soil, dry

0.19

0.80

Soil, wet

0.35

1.48

Steatite

0.83

Steel

0.49

Stone

0.2

0.84

Stoneware

0.19

0.8

Sulphur, sulfur

0.17

0.71

Tantalium

0.138

Tar

0.35

1.47

Tellurium

0.05

0.21

Thorium
Tile hollow

0.14
0.15

0.63

Timber, see wood

0.24

Titanium

0.47

Topaz

0.21

0.88

Tungsten

0.04

0.17

Uranium

0.117

Vanadium

0.12

0.5

Vermiculite

0.2

0.84

Vulcanite

0.33

1.38

Wax

3.43

Welding iron

0.515

White metal

0.147

Wood, balsa

0.7

2.9

Wood, oak

0.48

Wood, white pine

0.6

2.5

Wool, loose

0.3

1.26

Wool, felt

0.33

1.38

Zinc
1 Btu/lbmoF = 4186.8 J/kg K = 1 kcal/kg oC
T(oC) = (5/9) [T(oF) - 32]
T(oF) = (9/5) [T(oC)] + 32

0.38