The Spi ri t Gui de

to Di gi tal Mi xi ng
Cover.qxd 2/3/99 12:04 pm Page 1
SE01I0N 1:
1HE BASI0S 0F 0I0I1AL MIXIN0
\. \naleue & 0lltal - )
\hat`s the 0lllerence?
. lts ana :anple 8ates +
0. Jhe questlen el leels 5
0. Jhe luture 5
)!8 lecus: \uale quallt
SE01I0N 2: 1HE BENEFI1S
0F 0I0I1AL MIXIN0
\. Keep Muslc 0lltal 7
. Jake 0entrel 0l \eur Ml\ 7
)!8 lecus: 0lltal lnterlaces, lse lth l0l
0aras, :napshets \ersus 0nanlc \utenatlen,
L-:trlp, quer :sten, laaer las
SE01I0N 3: W0R00L00K
\. 0heesln a \eracleck Master J0
. \here 0ees Jlneceae llt ln? J0
SE01I0N 4:
FR0M 00N0EP1 10 00
\. 0ennectln te Multltrack 8eceraers JJ
. lsln the )!8 lth \naleue 8eceraers JJ
0. lsln Jape ana 0reup 0utputs J!
0. 8eceraln lnstrunents J!
L. Llectrlc 0ultars J!
l. 8eceraln \ecals J!
0. Ke|earas ana :teree 8eceraln J)
u. Ml\ln 0en J)
l. lsln Lllects J+
[. lsln 0nanlcs J+
K. lsln \utenatlen J+
l. :teree 0utputs J5
)!8 lecus: Ml\er Maps, llnkln 0enseles
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1HE SPIRI1 00I0E 10 0I0I1AL MIXIN0 - 00N1EN1S

SE01I0N 6: 328 FAq's
0lltal )!8 l\qs Jo
SE01I0N 6:
0I0I1AL 1R00BLESH001IN0
Jreu|lesheetln J8
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 2
nelecules a serles el pressure aes are createa.
\s len as the lreuenc el these l|ratlens ls lth-
ln the rane el hunan hearln (reuhl !0 te
!0,000 ccles per secena, aepenaln en eur ae),
e hear then as seuna aes, ana hen the
reach eur ear arun e hear the cn|al. ut ll e
ant te ae anthln nere lth thls seuna - recera
lt, ler e\anple - e neea te turn lt lnte senethln
that e can nanlpulate nere easll than pressure
aes ln alr.
ln analeue auale clrcults, seuna aes are rep-
resentea | centlnueus electrlcal slnals. \t ene
ena el a tplcal auale chaln, a nlcrephene uses
the l|ratlens el alr aalnst lts alaphran te ener-
ate a arln electrlcal current, ana at the ether a
speaker uses a arln electrlcal current te preauce
l|ratlens ln the alr ne\t te lts cene.
\naleue electrenlcs are alas prene te nelse -
at the er least |ecause the the ranaen thernal
netlen el electrens ln cenpenents lll preauce
sene nelse - theuh thls can |e nlnlnlsea
threuh eea clrcult aesln, the use el hlh uallt
cenpenents, ana eea censtructlen.
ln alltal eulpnent, the auale aelern ls rep-
resentea | a serles el nun|ers. \n analeue sl-
nal can |e turnea lnte alltal lern lth an ana-
leue-te-alltal cenerter, hlch neasures an ana-
leue lnput eltae at reular lnterals ana ener-
ates a sanple (a nun|er that represents the
lnstantaneeus strenth el the slnal) each tlne. \
cenerter that runs at a sanplln rate el ++.Jkui
sanples the slnal ++,J00 tlnes per secena, ana ln
a ell-aeslnea cenerter the slie el the sanples
sheula |e ln alrect prepertlen te the lnput eltae.
\ Jo-|lt cenerter can resele o5,5)o leels.
\ !0-|lt cenerter can resele J,0+8,57o leels.
\ !+-|lt cenerter can resele Jo,777,!Jo leels.
ecause nun|ers can |e aescrl|ea ana ceplea
lth a|selute preclslen, alltal auale slnals can |e
passea lren ene nachlne te anether, er lren ene
part el a alltal nl\er te anether, lth ne chane te
the seuna. \n analeue slnal, en the ether hana,
cannet |e passea threuh an cenpenent ltheut
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1HE BASI0S 0F
0I0I1AL MIXIN0
\elcene te the :plrlt 0lltal Ml\ln uana|eek -
the essentlal ulae te the erla el alltal nl\ln.
0er the ears lt has |ecene lncreaslnl eas ler
the sele nuslclan, preaucer er snall |ana te
assen|le a snall stuale, ana lth the aaent el
alleraa|le alltal technele, nan el us ne hae
access te eur en sephlstlcatea receraln lacllltles
capa|le el preaucln release-uallt naterlal. \s
the central, ana perhaps the nest cenple\, slnle
plece el eulpnent ln the stuale, the nl\er has
alas |een the nest lnpertant lten te et te
rlps lth. uence thls ulae, hlch helps eu
unaerstana the prlnclples ana practlce el alltal
nl\ln. Lnje!
A. Analogue & 0igital ~
What's 1he 0iIIerence?
Jhe nee lren analeue te alltal technele ln
the erla el auale ls a reelutlenar ene, net just
a snall step. Jhe technele ls lunaanentall all-
lerent, hence nan el the the aaantaes el alltal
eer analeue. \ltheuh nest practlcal aspects el
receraln ana nl\ln are unchanea, sene are
net, ana lt helps reatl te unaerstana sene el
the prlnclples el alltal auale.
\hereas analeue electrenlcs aeal lth centln-
ueusl arla|le uantltles (such as eltaes ana
currents), alltal electrenlcs aeal lth alscrete al-
ues - nun|ers that can take enl ene el a preae-
llnea set el pessl|llltles. 0lltal clrcults ae thls |
aealln lth Js ana 0s, representea | the alller-
ence |eteen a sltch |eln en er ell, er a eltae
|eln present er net.
Jhls alllerence neans that alltal ana analeue
sstens represent seuna ln er alllerent as.
\hat e percele as seuna ls ln lact a l|ratlen ln
the alr. ult a cn|al ana lt l|rates, transnlttln
the neenent te the alr areuna lt, ana as the
l|ratlens are passea en te nere ana nere alr
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 3
allectln lt sllhtl. \n anale nlht |e |ullaln a
neael eut el cla er eut el lee' |rlcks. \eu can
nake ceples el |eth, |ut een lth the |est cast-
ln netheas, eu en`t |e a|le te nake a perlect
cep el the cla neael. \e natter he nan
tlnes eu nake ceples, er ceples el ceples el the
lee ' neael, each can |e e\actl llke the erll-
nal.
0ne el the llrst areas el the auale te |enellt
lren the lntreauctlen el alltal technele as
receraln ana pla|ack eulpnent, ana alltal
receraers hae ne alnest entlrel replacea ana-
leue receraers ln eer appllcatlen. \part lren
the lact that a ell-aeslnea receraer lth eea
cenerters ellers er hlh auale uallt, the eller
te alstlnct aaantaes. llrstl, the uallt el all-
tal receralns renalns unchanea een alter
repeatea pla|ack. \naleue tape receralns, en
the ether hana, shes a preressle arep ln uall-
t alter repeatea passes. :ecenal, alltal receraers
can use ranaen-access rather than llnear recera-
ln neala, hlch alles then te pla |ack recera-
ea naterlal ln nan as ether than slnpl as
receraea.` \eu can repeat sectlens (ler cheruses,
ler e\anple), perlern cut-ana -paste ealtln
eperatlens, ana se en.
328 F000S: 00NVER1ERS
0enertln |eteen analeue ana alltal ls ene el
the nest crltlcal staes el an auale slnal path.
0nce a slnal ls ln alltal lern, lt`s lalrl re|ust,
|ut cenertln te ana lren analeue ellers a
chance ler auale uallt te aeraae slnlllcantl.
ln eraer te capture lnput slnals as lalthlull as
pessl|le, analeue-te-alltal cenerters sheula
eller hlh |lt reselutlen - Jo er J8-|lt cenerters
are leekln rather eutunnea ln these aas el !0
ana een !+-|lt cenerters. Jhe :plrlt 0lltal )!8
has !+-|lt J!8-eersanplln \-te-0 ana 0-te-\
cenerters, lth censlaera|l reater reselutlen
than esta|llshea neala such as 00 ana 0\J (Jo-
|lt), ana alleln use lth !+-|lt sstens such as
neer l0-|asea receraln platlerns.
\t the eutput stae, the )!8`s cenerslen ls alse
!+-|lt lth J!8-tlnes eersanplln.
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B. Bits and Sample Rates
Jhe te nest lnpertant lacters aeternlnln the
uallt el a alltal auale ssten are sanple rates
ana |lt reselutlen. \ preperl aeslnea alltal
receraln ssten can repreauce auale lreuen-
cles up te hall el lts sanplln rate. :e, ln eraer te
ceer the lull rane el hunan hearln, a sanple
rate el +0kui ls reulrea - hence the te nest
cennen sanple rates el ++.Jkui (the 00 stan-
aara) ana +8kui.
lt reselutlen, en the ether hana, aeternlnes
the slnal-te-nelse ratle el the ssten - that ls,
he nuch alllerence there ls |eteen lts uletest
ana leuaest eutput. \eu na hae heara that all-
tal sstens can achlee a perlernance el oa el
slnal-te-nelse per |lt, se a Jo-|lt ssten (00 er
0\J, ler e\anple) nanaes )oa. \ !0-|lt ssten
can ln theer nanae J!0a, theuh ln hlher
reselutlen sstens lt |ecenes haraer ana haraer
te achlee theeretlcal perlernance.
328 F000S: 0SIN0 0I1HER
\hen eu take a !+-|lt auale slnal aen te Jo-
|lt reselutlen, eu lnelta|l lese uallt. \hereas
the !+-|lt slnal ceula hae a slnal-te-nelse ratle
el J++a, the Jo-|lt erslen el lt has a slnal-te-
nelse ratle el )oa. Jhe :plrlt 0lltal )!8`s steree
alltal eutputs, |eth \L:/Ll ana :l0ll, use a
technlue callea altherln te presere as nuch
uallt as pessl|le hen eln aen te leer-res-
elutlen neala, such as 0\J, hlch hae peerer
slnal-te-nelse perlernance than the nl\er`s
lnternal slnal path. 0ltherln lneles aaaln a
snall aneunt el nelse te the !+-|lt slnal at just
a|eut the theeretlcal nelse lleer el a Jo-|lt slnal.
0aa theuh lt na seuna, thls trlck neans that
eu can hear le leel seunas (reer| talls, ler
e\anple) ell aen |ele the nelse lleer, ana the
Jo-|lt slnal actuall achlees a ananlc rane el
areuna JJ5a. Jhls lnpreenent ls aual|le ne
natter hat 0\J plaer the receraln ls plaea en
- lt aees net reulre an speclal aecealn.
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 4
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0. 1he question 0I Levels
ln the erla el alltal receraln, eu hae te treat
leels lth a llttle nere respect than ln analeue
sstens ln eraer te aela alstertlen. Jhls ls
|ecause el the er alllerent as ln hlch ana-
leue a|a alltal sstens erk.
\e kne alstertlen hen e hear lt, |ut he
aees lt arlse? lut slnpl, alstertlen ls an unant-
ea chane ln the auale aelern, usuall causea
| the cllppln el the auale aelern. \s eu
crank up lnput leels, eu reach a pelnt here the
ssten cannet recreate at the eutput the e\trene
peaks ana treuhs at the lnput - ana that`s alster-
tlen. ln analeue clrcults alstertlen tenas te cene
en raauall, lncreasln ln seerlt as lnput leels
are lncreasea. ecause lt can seuna eea te the
hunan ear, sene tpes el analeue alstertlen
hae len |een e\pleltea ln the stuale - te arn
up arun seunas | receraln het` te tape, |
usln tape saturatlen characterlstlcs. :e, altheuh
the pelnt at hlch alstertlen |elns can usuall |e
ulte ell laentlllea, eu can enerall push` thls
leel a llttle ltheut rulnln eur receraln.
0lltal electrenlcs, en the ether hana, aeal lth
a preclsel aellnea rane el leels. \s eu lncrease
the leel eln lnte an analeue-te-alltal cenert-
er, the nun|ers cenln eut et |ler ana |ler
- untll eu run eut el reselutlen at the cenert-
er`s na\lnun lnput leel, ana eu hae the sua-
aen enset el alstertlen. ler reasens hlch are tee
tealeus te e lnte, alltal alstertlen aeesn`t seuna
at all pleasant, ana lt`s therelere er lnpertant te
aela e\ceealn na\lnun leels.
Meterln alse erks alllerentl. ln analeue
nl\ers ana receraers, eulpnent ls aeslnea te
eperate at arleus eperatln leels, such as
++a\ (nest prelesslenal eulpnent) er -
J0al, ana the relatlenshlp |eteen 0a en
neters ana the pelnt at hlch alstertlen starts ls
net ll\ea. \lse, |ecause alstertlen cenes ln raau-
all, eu can alnest alas et aa lth pushln
eur neters sene a lnte the rea.
ln a alltal ssten, neterln ls relatle te
0al:, hlch ls the pelnt at hlch the ssten has
run eut el nun|ers ana eu cannet e an hlher
ltheut creatln alstertlen. Jhere ls ne lL0 en a
|arraph neter a|ee thls, |ecause there lsn`t
anhere else te e. ecause alstertlen eccurs as
seen as eu e\ceea these leels, heneer eu`re
settln leels |ear ln nlna that een peaks sheula
net llht the rea lL0s at the tep el the )!8`s
neters, theuh thls nlht leel rlht ll eu`re usea
te erkln lth analeue nl\ers.
0. 1he Future
ecause alltal auale technele rlaes |enellts
lren preress ln the er last neln area el
cenputer technele, thlns are alas neln
aheaa. lren Jo |lts ana ++.Jkui, e`e neea
en te a pelnt here !0 ana !+-|lt receraers are ln
use, sene lth )okui sanplln. Jhe neea te
nee reater aneunts el aata areuna neans that
ne lnterlace stanaaras lll appear. llrelre
(lLLLJ))+) ls alreaa esta|llshln ltsell as a use-
lul transler pretecel ln alltal laee, theuh lt na
seen alse |e usea ln auale. \nether trena that ls
ls llkel te centlnue ls the use el cheap, peerlul
censuner er |uslness cenputers te run lncreas-
lnl peerlul auale seltare, seltare that can
take eer nere lunctlens preleusl perlernea |
aealcatea haraare.
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FI0 1.1
\aelerns as representea ln analeue ana alltal
sstens
FI0 1.2
0lstertlen ln analeue ana alltal sstens.
328 F000S: A00I0 q0ALI1Y
:plrlt has earnea a reputatlen eer the ears ler
er hlh auale uallt at alleraa|le prlces, ana
the 0lltal )!8 carrles en that traaltlen. \s ell as
lts hlh-uallt cenerters - see lsln 0lther
en thls pae - the 0lltal )!8 alse ellers er hlh
reselutlen (5o |lts) ln lts lnternal precessln. Jhls
ls lnpertant |ecause eerthln that happens
lnslae a alltal nl\er - cen|lnln te slnals,
chanln a leel, aerlln a leea te an e\ternal \u\
er lnternal lx sena - lnele nakln calculatlens,
ana these calculatlens nust |e carrlea eut lth as
hlh a aeree el preclslen as pessl|le. Lach tlne a
calculatlen ls perlernea, eu neea a lener
eralenth te stere the result ltheut reunaln
ell ` the result, ana there| lesln preclslen that
carrles alua|le lnlernatlen a|eut the seuna. :e,
altheuh the 0lltal )!8 starts lth !+-|lt nun-
|ers at ene ena, ana enas up lth !+-|lt nun|ers
at the ether, usln 5o-|lt preclslen ler the pre-
cessln alen the a neans that repeatea pre-
cessln steps can |e appllea ltheut aaaln nelse
er alstertlen.
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 6
\ltheuh en the lnslae the a that a alltal nl\er
erks ls ulte alllerent te the a that an ana-
leue nl\er erks, the ae the sane je| - cen-
|lnln eur arleus auale seurces, nl\ln ana
centrellln then en thelr a te hateer eutputs
eu neea. ln sene appllcatlens, the aaantaes el
a alltal nl\er are alrectl cennectea lth the a
that lt erks lnslae, ln ether appllcatlens the
aaantaes are less e|leusl cennectea te lts all-
tal nature.
A. Keep Music 0igital
ln a tplcal auale chaln, the seuna el an lnstru-
nent er elce na pass threuh a nl\er seeral
tlnes |elere lt nakes lt a te a palr el speakers
er heaaphenes - ence en lts a te a alltal
receraer, then |ack threuh the nl\er aaln aur-
ln nl\ln, eut ana |ack ln la an ellects leep,
ana se en. \e that se nuch el the eulpnent
areuna the nl\er ls alltal, ll the nl\er ellers enl
an analeue slnal path then the auale na e
threuh nan steps el cenerslen |eteen ana-
leue ana alltal, lesln a llttle uallt each tlne.
\lth a alltal nl\er, heeer, eu can transler
auale te ana lren eur alltal nultltrack, ana te
ana lren alltal ellects unlts, entlrel ln the all-
tal aenaln. Man snths ana sanplers ne eller
alltal eutputs, ana a alltal nl\er can alse aaa
ellects, ana perlern ananlc precessln, all lth-
ln eln |ack eut te analeue. cuttln eut
unnecesar cenerslen steps, eur receralns can
sta ln the alltal aenaln lren the nenent the
cene lnte the aesk te the nenent the cene eut
el a 00 plaer, ensurln the |est pessl|le uallt.
B. 1ake 0ontrol 0I Your Mix
0ne el the |aslc leatures el analeue nl\er cen-
structlen ls that all el the haraare centrels are
alse auale cenpenents. \hen eu nee a chan-
nel laaer, eu`re chanln the reslstance ln an
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auale cenpenent ln the slnal path. \hen eu
nee an Lq kne|, eu`re teakln a arla|le pet
that ls part el a channel strlp`s Lq clrcultr. \lth
a alltal nl\er thlns erk cenpletel alllerentl.
Jhe auale precessln takes place ln chlps that are
net alrectl llnkea te an centrels, hlch presents
a reat eppertunlt ler aeslners te create ne
lnterlaces ler thelr preaucts, lreea lren the sla-
er el ene-centrel-per-lunctlen. ecause the
auale hanalln ana centrel aspects el the aesks
are ne separate, each can |e naae te erk as
ell as pessl|le, rather than there |eln an cen-
prenlse. \na centrar te pepular |ellel, there`s
ne neea ler a alltal nl\er te |ehae llke a cen-
puter, relln en nenu-arlen lnterlaces rather
than lntultle centrels.
\ltheuh lt eula |e pessl|le te create a alltal
nl\er lth a centrel ler eer paraneter, such a
aesln eula |e nuch nere e\pensle than ene
ln hlch leer asslna|le centrels are usea. Jhe
:plrlt 0lltal )!8, ler e\anple, uses clearl lala-
eut asslna|le centrels, ana |ehaes llke a traal-
tlenal nl\er rather than a cenputer. \ll najer
aesk eperatlens can |e achleea lth a le slnple
ana lntultle centrel lnputs, ana eu haral eer
neea te reler te the l00 screen. \enetheless, eu
hae the lle\l|lllt that cenes lth centrels that
can chane at the teuch el a |utten - ene nlnute
eu`re aajustln leels, the ne\t eu're senaln
eut Ml0l centreller nessaes. \na ll eu ant te
e |eena the )!8`s en centrel surlace, eu can
use an najer seuencer preran runnln en
an cenputer platlern te nap the :plrlt )!8 cen-
trels te en-screen raphlc centrels.
ecause a laer el seltare slts |eteen the
phslcal centrels ana the auale precessln el a
alltal nl\er, lt ls relatlel eas te aaa aaancea
leatures such as autenatlen ana renete Ml0l
eperatlen, all el hlch les eu nere nl\ln
centrel. Jhe te tpes el autenatlen that eu llna
en alltal nl\ers are snapshets` - hlch stere all
the aesk`s auale settlns ana can |e recallea at
the teuch el a |utten er aalnst tlneceae - ana
ananlc autenatlen, ln hlch eu can recera
ana pla|ack an ana all el the laaer ana ether
centrel chanes that eu nake.
1HE BENEFI1S 0F
0I0I1AL MIXIN0
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 7
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328 F000S: 0I0I1AL IN1ERFA0ES
Jhe :plrlt 0lltal )!8 has |eth steree ana nultl-
channel alltal lnterlaces, ena|lln eu te cennect
a lae rane el alltal eulpnent te lts lnputs ana
eutputs. Jhere are te sets el 8-channel lns ana
euts, usln en-|eara \0\J eptlcal ana J0ll
(Jascan) lernat lnterlaces, ler reup/tape eut-
puts ana tape returns. eth \L:/Ll ana :l0ll
lnterlaces are alse suppertea, alleln lx senas
ana returns, the steree nl\ eutput, ana !-track
returns (ler 0\J nachlnes er ether steree nas-
terln neala) te |e carrlea | alltal as ell as
analeue cennectlens.
328 F000S: 0SE WI1H P0I 0AR0S
Mere ana nere stuales, especlall snall persenal
lacllltles, e\plelt the peer el l0l caras lnstallea
ln persenal cenputers te prelae cest-ellectle et
hlh uallt ana sephlstlcatea receraln ana pre-
auctlen. \ lalrl stanaara l0 er Mac, eulppea
lth a sulta|le x500 cara, ceula eller nultl-track
ranaen access alltal receraln ana pla|ack,
replacln a stuale nultltrack tape receraer. \lth
the rlht cara ana seltare, eu ceula aaa sanple
pla|ack ana sephlstlcatea ellects, puttln nan
el a stuale`s electrenlc lnstrunents lnslae the
cenputer. Jhls technele has |ecene er cheap
|ecause el the lallln prlce ana eas aalla|lllt el
chlps ana ether cenpenents. \lse, the aaeptlen el
nultl-channel alltal lnterlaces llke the \0\J eptl-
cal ssten neans that the a|lllt te hanale nultl-
ple channels el auale lnput ana eutput can |e
easll lncluaea en these caras, |ut a eea nl\er
lrent ena ls essentlal te e\plelt thls klna el tech-
nele te the lull. Jhe 0lltal )!8 lnterlaces easll
ana ellectlel lth these caras ana the sstens
that the are lntenaea te suppert. \ tplcal setup
nlht lnele a Mac er l0 lth a Ker J!J! cara,
runnln :teln|er`s 0u|ase \uale \:J seltare.
lsln the \0\J eptlcal cennectlens, the )!8`s
elht reup eutputs leea the Ker J!J!`s elht
\0\J lnputs, ana the tape` returns e lren cen-
puter te the )!8 alse la an \0\J eptlcal lnter-
lace. (ll the cenputer ls last eneuh te alle
nere than elht tracks el pla|ack, the lnternal
pre-nl\ln a|llltles el 0u|ase \uale can |e usea
te pre-nl\ seeral tracks te each el the elht aall-
a|le eutput |usses).
328 F000S - SNAPSH01S VERS0S
0YNAMI0 A010MA1I0N
0epenaln en the nature el a preject, elther the
)!8`s snapshet er ananlc autenatlen, er a nl\-
ture el |eth, na |e nest appreprlate. ler e\an-
ple, eu nlht use snapshets te stere |aslc nl\er
setups ler seeral alllerent sens that eu are
erkln ln, er ler sesslens ler alllerent artlsts,
ana then use ananlc autenatlen ler nl\aen. ll
eu`re erkln te plcture, snapshets can |e par-
tlcularl uselul. recallln snapshets aalnst
tlneceae, chanes ln the nl\ can |e easll naae
te happen ln preclse snc lth plcture ealts, ana ll
the plcture ls re-cut, eu slnpl neea te chane
the tlneceae alues ler the auale cues rather
than re|ulla a hele ananlc nl\.
328 F000S: E-S1RIP
Jhe ke te the :plrlt 0lltal )!8`s user lnterlace ls
the L-strlp, a re el Jo retar enceaers a|ee the
Jo neterlsea channel laaers. lts prlnar lunctlen
ls te eperate e\actl llke a reular analeue nl\er
channel, enl retatea threuh )0 aerees, lth the
lanlllar )-|ana Lq centrels, leur au\ senas, te
ellects senas (te the te lnternal precessers), ana
pan centrel. \s ell as |eln lanlllar, lt`s eas te
use: just hlt the select |utten ler the channel eu
ant, ana the L-strlp`s centlnueus retar cen-
trellers put all the channel Lq, au\ ana pan laclll-
tles at eur llnertlps. \ rln el lL0s areuna each
centreller shes eu the current settln ler each
paraneter. 0hannel leatures that are usea less
elten, such as |us reutln ana phase reerse, are
centrellea la the naster sectlen, hlle the chan-
nel`s analeue centrels (J00ui hlh-pass lllter
ana channel lnput aln) are leuna at the tep el
the lrent panel. Jhe secena lunctlen el the L-strlp
ls te le slnultaneeus centrel el a set el Jo leel,
lan, er sena centrels ler lxJ er !, er \u\ J te +,
ler channels J-Jo er J7-)!.
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328 F000S: q0ERY SYS1EM
ecause the :plrlt 0lltal )!8 ls a er lle\l|le ana
lull-leaturea nl\er, lt`s slnpl net pessl|le te
she all aesk paraneters slnultaneeusl ln eraer
te let eu see he eerthln ls reutea er sltchea
- that eula preauce a er cenlusln lrent panel,
hereas the )!8 aesln appreach has |een te cre-
ate an unclutterea, eas-te-nalate lnterlace. 0n
an analeue aesk, eu can ulte easll check the
aesk state at a lance, |ecause there`s ene cen-
trel per lunctlen - the traae-ell ls that eu can ena
up lth a hue nun|er el centrels en a lrent
panel. Jhe laea |ehlna the uer ssten en the
:plrlt 0lltal )!8 ls that lt alles the user te ask a
slnple uestlen ana et a slnple anser. Jhe ke ls
that lt uses the sane lntultle neans te check reut-
ln as te nake the reutln asslnnents. Je reute
channels ) ana + te the steree nl\ |us, ler e\an-
ple, eu ae the lelleln: lress the :elect |utten
ler channel ), ana see ll the 8eute Je Ml\ |utten ls
llt. ll net, then press the 8eute Je Ml\ |utten te
assln the channel te the nl\ |us, the |utten llhts
up reen te lnalcate that thls has |een aene. \e
press the select |utten ler 0hannel +, ana repeat
the preceaure. ll eu ne ant te check hlch
channels are reutea te the Ml\ |us, press ana hela
the 8eute Je Ml\ |utten, all channels hlch are
reutea te the nl\ lll |e shen | thelr lllunlln-
taea :elect |uttens, hlle all channels that are net
lll renaln alnnea. \lth thls ene |utten push,
eu can check all )! nene channels ana tape
returns, |eth steree lnputs, elht reups ana |eth
lx returns - ana te nake reutln asslnnents eas-
ler stlll, eu can aaa nere channels te these reutea
te the nl\ | hlttln thelr alnnea :elect |uttens
hlle eu keep the 8eute Je Ml\ |utten hela aen.
328 F000S: FA0ER LAWS
\nether aspect el a alltal nl\er`s user lnterlace
that can |e nere easll nealllea er centrellea than
en an analeue censele ls the laaer las - that ls,
e\actl he eur centrel lnputs translate lnte an
aual|le ellect ln the slnal. ler e\anple, en the
channel, naster ana reup laaers el nest nl\ers
- lnclualn the )!8 - neenents ln the tep hall
el the laaer preauce less aual|le chane ln leel
than the sane neenent leer aen, hlch
neans that ln the cruclal area areuna 0a aln,
here eu ellectlel ae nest el eur nl\ln, eu
hae nest centrel.
0n the )!8, the respense el all centrels ls care-
lull tallerea te sult the paraneter eu are chan-
ln. \hen eu aajust the lnternal lx senas, ler
e\anple, eu llna that the llrst J80 el trael el
the retar enceaers takes eu lren -Ba te -J8a,
hlch ls ulte a junp, hereas the last J80 les
eu a nuch nere sensltle centrel eer the tran-
sltlen lren here te 0a - appreprlate te an ellect
sena, here eu alnest lnarla|l ant te na\-
lnlse the leel eln te the ellect, te le the |est
pessl|le slnal-te-nelse ratle at the ether ena.
\ltheuh retar enceaers, as usea en the )!8 ana
nan ether alltal nl\ers, are essentlall llnear
aelces - part el thelr alue as centrellers ls that
the hae ne centre pesltlen - part el the secret te
eea aesln ln a alltal nl\er`s user lnterlace ls
nakn the centrellers leel rlht.
\nether respect ln hlch the leel` el the cen-
trels has |een carelull leekea at ls the le ana
hlh Lq |anas |ehae hen eu turn the :hape
kne| te take the Lq lren paranetrlc te shelln
neae. \hen eu ae thls, eu`ll llna that the
seuna chanes sneethl, ana the centre/cutell
lreuenc as alsplaea en the nl\er`s l00, aees
net chane - thls |enas the rules en he the cut-
ell lreuenc el a shelln lllter ls aellnea, |ut lt
leels rlht. \na slnce eu sheula nl\ lth eur
ears, net | leekln at a alspla, e thlnk the
erla el auale lll lerle us.
FI0 2.1
L-:trlp
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 9
\eracleck ls the lue at the heart el alltal ss-
tens, ana unaerstanaln a llttle a|eut lt lll aela
the lrustratlen el net |eln a|le te sele sene
|aslc ana slnple pre|lens. :nptens el era-
cleck-relatea pre|lens lncluae unantea peps er
cllcks, ana a netalllc eae er ether alstertlen en
alltal seurces.
ln an sltuatlen here seeral alltal auale
aelces are cennectea la thelr alltal rather than
thelr analeue auale cennectlens, all the aelces
nust |e eracleck snchrenlsea te aela aata
transler pre|lens. Jhls neans net enl that the
alllerent aelces sena ana recele thelr aata at the
sane sanple rate - +8kui, ler e\anple - |ut
that thelr lnternal clecks run preclsel ln snc.
Jhls ensures that all unlts sena, recele ana
precess thelr aata streans ln a preclsel slnulta-
neeus nanner, aelaln a najer seurce el alster-
tlen ana peer auale uallt. Je unaerstana he
thls alstertlen arlses, censlaer a slnple sltuatlen
ln hlch a 0\J receraer`s alltal eutput leeas a
nl\er's alltal lnput. Jhe are |eth usln a
++.Jkui sanplln rate, |ut thelr clecks are net
snchrenlsea. Jhe nl\er`s lnput sheula hae
++,J00 slets` eer secena that hae te |e llllea
| sanples, ana the 0\J receraer sheula |e sena-
ln lt ++,J00 sanples eer secena. ut ll there ls
enl a sllht arllt ln ene el the clecks, sene el
these sanples lll |e nlssea er lll junp` a
place, ana that neans alstertlen.
:e, ln an ssten that senas alltal auale
|eteen seeral alllerent aelces, ene unlt sheula
|e the eracleck naster`, ana the ethers sheula
|e slaes`. :ettln thls up ls usuall er eas, as
the slaes can enerall aerle thelr eracleck
tlnln lren thelr alltal auale lnputs - :l0ll,
\L:/Ll, \0\J er hateer. \eracleck can alse
|e carrlea la a separate cennectlen. ln elther
case, the eracleck slnal ls present hether
auale ls sent er net.
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A. 0hoosing a Wordclock Master
ll eu are usln seeral alltal cennectlens at
ence, eu na net |e lelt lth nuch chelce as te
hlch aelce sheula |e eur eracleck naster. ll,
ler e\anple, eu are usln a sanpler lth a all-
tal eutput, eu na llna that lt aees net hae an
laclllt te slae te an e\ternal eracleck lnput,
ana nust therelere |e the eracleck naster. 0n
the ether hana, an alltal receraer ln the ssten
sheula |e the naster, theuh sene receraers are
ulte happ te slae te e\ternal eracleck. \s a
rule, l0l caras lnstallea ln cenputers |ehae |est
hen the are eracleck nasters rather than
slae. Jrlal ana errer lll tell eu hlch
naster/slae cen|lnatlens erks |est.
B. Where 0oes 1imecode Fit In?
Jlneceae snchrenlsatlen ls alllerent te era-
cleck snchrenlsatlen, |ut euall lnpertant ln
anether a. \hlle eracleck ena|les alltal
auale te |e translerrea ltheut pre|lens, |
keepln the arleus auale lnputs ana eutputs run-
nln at the sane lreuenc, tlneceae ena|les
receraln ana pla|ack aelces te run ln snc
lth ene anether, ana lth seuencers ana aesk
autenatlen. Jlneceae ls a slnal that carrles a
reular serles el a|selute tlne alues
(hrs:nlns:secs:lranes). Jhere are alllerent lrane
rates (hlntln at tlneceae`s erllns ln the neea ler
a neans te snchrenlse llln eulpnent), el !+,
!5, )0 (arep ana nen-arep) lranes per secena.
\s ln eracleck, ene aelce ls aellnea as the nas-
ter, ana lts tlneceae keeps eer ether receraer
runnln alen ln snchrenlsatlen. Jhe te tlnln
sstens are ulte lnaepenaent, ana a receraer
that ls the eracleck naster ln a ssten ceula |e
the tlneceae slae el anether aelce (the )!8, ler
e\anple, hlch can enerate all tlneceae lrane
rates).
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FR0M 00N0EP1 10 00
nectlens are naae, hlt the Menu |utten, screll
aen te Jape Machlne :etup, ana select Jascan
0\88/)8`. \eu lll ne |e askea te cheese a tlne-
ceae seurce. 0heese lJ0, unless there`s sene
reasen h eu neea te use Ml0l tlneceae. \e
e the 0leck :eurce :elect nenu, ana cheese
lntenal +8kui`. \e eu`re reaa te rell.
ln anether setup, |asea areuna a cenputer
rather than tape nachlnes, eu nlht use a
0llaesln lreJeels ssten lth lts \0\J rlae
l/0, nakln a Jo-channel cennectlen usln te
sets el \0\J eptlcal cennectlens. \lth a ssten
llke lreJeels, the )!8`s peerlul nl\ln lrent ena
ls a perlect cenplenent te aaancea ana er
hlh-uallt alltal receraln ana ealtln lacllltles.
B. 0sing 1he 328 With Analogue
Recorders
\eu can cennect an analeue nultltrack receraer
te the )!8 lth eptlenal |reakeut |e\es cennect-
ea te the J0ll perts. Lach |reakeut |e\ les eu
8 analeue lnputs ana eutputs, se lth te |reak-
eut |e\es eu can cennect a Jo-track analeue
receraer, such as a leste\ 0Jo, te the )!8. ln thls
case, eu ceula renete centrel the receraer lren
the )!8, ana use snapshet autenatlen slae te
tlneceae lren the receraer.
Jhe snall stuale pre|a|l |enellts nere than an
ether area lren the aaent el alltal nl\ln. Jhls
sectlen takes a leek at tplcal snall stuale setups,
ana he te set a|eut receraln a tplcal track en
eur )!8-|asea stuale.
A. 0onnecting to Multitrack
Recorders
elere eu can recera anthln, eu neea te et
cennectea te eur nultltrack receraer. :tralht
eut el the |e\, the :plrlt 0lltal )!8 ls reaa te
cennect alrectl te a lae rane el alltal
receraers - Jo channels el nultltrack eutputs
ana returns are aalla|le, ln te 8-channel |lecks
cerrespenaln te channels J7-!+ ana !5-)!. Lach
|leck has |eth J0ll ana \0\J eptlcal lnterlaces.
:ee |ele ler a tplcal setup, ln hlch te Jascan
0\88 receraers prelae Jo channels el recera ana
pla|ack. \uale cennectlens are naae la J0ll,
ana the receraers are slaea te the aesk`s era-
cleck. Jhe tape transperts are renete centrellea
lren the )!8 la Ml0l - ence the phslcal cen-
FI0 4.1
0ennectlen 0laran
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sanples lnte eur sanpler, er selectln the rlht

ke|eara seunas.
E. Electric 0uitars
\eu sheula`nt plu electrlc ultars er |ass ultars
stralht lnte a nl\er. ll eu ant te recera a clean
ultar seuna, then use a 0l |e\ te et a eea leel
lnte the aesk. :ene 0l |e\es reulre phanten
peer, ana sheula |e cennectea te the channel`s
xl8 lnputs (nake sure the )!8`s ++8\ phanten
peer ls sltchea en). ll lt`s a alstertea ultar
seuna eu`re alter, eu can elther nlc up the ul-
tar ca|lnet, pelntln a nlc rlht at the speaker
cene, er use a nultl-ellects precesser. ll eu hae
eneuh tracks te take aaantae el lt, eu can
recera the nultl-ellects ln steree - the precessers
alnest lnarla|l hae steree eutputs, ana llan-
ln, cherus ana aela elects seuna |etter ln
steree. :ee |ele ler tlps en usln steree chan-
nels.
Jr applln cenpresslen hlle receraln ul-
tar tracks te keep leels unaer centrel. lsln the
cenpresser/ate alerlthn en the )!8 lll alle
eu te ate eut the unantea |uii ana hun that
tenas te cene lth alstertea ultar settlns, ana
hlch eu`ll enl hae te renee |elere nl\ln
ana.
F. Recording Vocals
Jhe :plrlt 0lltal )!8 has hlh-uallt nlc pre-
anps en channels J-Jo, hlch are ltal te recera-
ln eea ecals. \ eea cenaenser nlc lll ener-
all le the |est results, as the are nere sensl-
tle ana reealln than ananlc nlcs. 0enaensers
reulre ++8\ phanten peer, hlch the )!8 can
prelae la the xl8 channel lnput seckets. ll eu
hae the lu\ur el a chelce el nlcs, |e epen
nlnaea a|eut hat te use - tr then all |elere
aeclaln hat te use.
:et eur nlc up areuna ) lnches lren eur
slner, lth a pep shlela (nethln reall erks
|etter than the ela steckln-ana-ceathaner trlck)
|eteen slner ana nlc te aela pre|lens lth
0. 0sing 1ape & 0roup 0utputs
Jhere are te appreaches te usln eutputs te
tape. Jhe llrst ls te use eur nl\er`s reup laclll-
tles te cen|lne seeral channels teether ler
receraln - the eutputs ler the elht reups
appear at the 8 J8K \ eutputs en J0ll ana \0\J
eptlcal eutputs. Jhe secena ls te reute channels
alrectl te tape. (ln an analeue nl\er, thls has
the aaantae el a cleaner slnal path, theuh ln a
alltal nl\er llke the )!8, eu can reute threuh
reups ltheut aaaln an nelse er alstertlen.)
Jhe llrst appreach ls sulta|le ler receraln se-
eral lnstrunents teether ente ene er te tracks
- a nultl-nlkea arun klt, ler e\anple. Jhls
nakes sense hen eu aen`t hae eneuh tracks
te recera eer lnstrunent te lts en track. Jhe
secena appreach ls sulta|le here eu neea te
recera nere than elht tracks at ence, perhaps ln
a lle sltuatlen, ana ls slnpler. 0hannel J alas
leeas track J, channel ! leeas track !, ana se en
up te Jo.
\hen eu pla |ack eur receraea tracks, the
cene ln en channels J7-)!. \ltheuh the`re
callea Jape 8eturn channels, the hae e\actl the
sane lacllltles as channels J-Jo.
0. Recording Instruments
let`s assune that eu ant te put teether a track
that uses lle ecals ana ultar lth prerannea
ke|earas ana aruns. \eu`e prerannea the
|aslc sen structure en eur seuencer, ana
eu`re usln te 0\88s as a|ee ler eur recera-
ln nealun.
Jhe llrst thln eu`ll neea ls a ulae ler eer-
ene te pla alen te. \s eu alreaa hae aruns
ana ke|earas prerannea, eu ceula run eur
seuencer ln snc lth the tape transperts as eu
recera ecals, ultar ana percusslen. \lternatlel,
eu ceula recera a reuh steree nl\ el ke|earas
ana aruns te te tape tracks, hlch neans that
ln luture sesslens eu can et eur ulae tracks
up ltheut haln te err a|eut leaaln the rlht
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 12
plesle` seunas. 8enen|er that nakln eur
slner as cenlerta|le as pessl|le lll help te et a
|etter ecal perlernance, se |e sensltle te thelr
neeas. \eu na llna that the J00ui hlh-pass lll-
ter ls uselul te cut eut run|le, theuh thls ls en-
erall nere el a pre|len lle than ln the stuale.
\ela Lq`ln ecals hen receraln, as lt lll tena
te nake then seuna artlllclal, ana eu`ll reret lt
later.
:et up a ecal nenlter nl\ en heaaphenes
usln ene el the \u\ senas - a ulck a te ae
thls ler, sa, \u\ J, ls te hlt the \u\ J |utten a|ee
the L-strlp, se that the Jo retar centrels let eu
set \u\ J sena leels ler channels J-Jo, then hlt
\u\ J aaln te set the sena leels ler channels J7-
)!.
ecause ecal leels tena te ar lael, lt`s
aalsa|le te use cenpresslen te leel thlns eut.
Jr usln ene el the lnternal ananlcs precessers,
usln the cenpresser alerlthn (lth a J0ns
attack, areuna hall a secena release, ana ratle el
+:J ana 8:J). \lternatlel eu ceula use a
laeurlte eut|eara cenpresser, pluea lnte the
channel lnsert pelnt.
0. Keyboards and Stereo
Recording
\ltheuh ene el the aaantaes el usln Ml0l ls
that eu can recera ke|earas ana sanplers en a
seuencer, ana pla then as lle` lnte the nl\
ltheut eer eln aen te tape er alsk, eu na
lnsteaa ant te recera ke|eara parts te nultl-
track. 0ne reasen ls that lt lerces eu te cennlt
te a certaln seuna er erslen, rather than leae
eerthln ln a hall-llnlshea state. \lse, lt neans
that ll eu plan te take eur preject lren eur stu-
ale lnte a larer reen ler llnal nl\ln, eu can
take \0\J er 0\88 tapes, er a cenputer lth all
eur tracks receraea en u0, rather than a rack el
ke|earas.
ut hether eu ae thls, er leae the electrenlc
lnstrunents te |e plaea la Ml0l at nl\aen,
eu`ll ant te use steree lnputs en the 0lltal )!8
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te et the |enellt el all these steree sanples ana
steree eutputs. Jhere are te steree lnput chan-
nels en the )!8, lth all the the Lq, \u\ ana lx
lacllltles el the nene channels. \eu can e alrect-
l lnte these la steree alltal lnterlaces - elther
:l0ll er \L:/Ll - er use analeue lnputs as en
the nene channels. 8enen|er that ll eu use the
alltal lnputs eu sheula take care lth era-
cleck, as an unsncea auale seurce lll she als-
tertlen el sene klna, hlch lll neate the |ene-
llts el usln the alltal lnputs. ll eu hae nere
than te steree seurces, eu can llnk aajacent
nene channels te |ehae as anether steree chan-
nel, lth all Lq ana \u\ settlns sharea |eteen
channels.
H. Mixing 0own
\hen eu`e receraea eerthln eu neea ler
eur track, lt`s tlne te nl\ eerthln aen te a
steree naster receraln prler te 00 nasterln, er
pla|ack en an ether steree nealun. \hether
eu`re usln a seuencer er net, the )!8`s
autenatlen leatures nake thls nuch easler than
lth a nen-autenatea aesk.
Jhe llrst step hen preparln eur nl\ ls te set
the aesk ln a neutral state. ler all tape returns,
check that Lq ls ell, ana all senas are set te 0. ll
eu are erkln ln a Ml0l-|asea stuale, eu na
hae usea Lq ana ellects ulte heall en sene el
the snths ana sanplers, ana ne ls the tlne te
rethlnk hat ls essentlal te the seuna, ana hat ls
clutterln up the nl\ ana sheula |e reneea
|elere preceealn. Mute all lnputs that aren`t
|eln usea, ana ler an analeue lnputs, set the
aln as hlh as pessl|le ltheut cllppln - use the
channel neterln te check thls. \eu can ne start
erkln up a nl\.
eln lth the |aslcs el the track - pre|a|l
|ass ana aruns. :et thelr relatle leels se that
nelther aenlnates the ether, ana keep then ln
the centre el the steree lnae. lse the elht lnter-
nal reups te reup teether lnstrunents that eu
lll ant te laae up ana aen teether, such as
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|ackln ecal parts, arun ana percusslen parts,
strln arranenents ana se en.
Jr usln Lq te |eest each lnstrunent ln a
sllhtl alllerent |ana, prelera|l the lreuenc
rane that carrles nest el the character el that
lnstrunent. Jhls lll help te alstlnulsh then
lren ene anether, ana nake then slt apart ln the
nl\. lsln a llttle reer| en each channel tenas te
|rln eerthln |ack teether, creatln the
lnpresslen that the arleus seunas are all plaln
ln the sane aceustlc space.
I. 0sing EIIects
\lth te le\lcen ellects precessers lnslae the
)!8, lt`s eas te aaa a lae rane el hlh uallt
stuale ellects. \s ell as a lull selectlen el classlc
stuale reer| ana aela-|asea alerlthns, each
precesser has nere alstlnctle ell-the-all ellects
such as 8esenant that are erth trln eut. \hen
settln up eur ellects nl\, renen|er that eu`ll
et the |est slnal-te-nelse ratle, ana therelere the
nest prelesslenal seunaln nl\, | keepln the
sena leels hlh ana the return leels le.
\eu can alse use e\ternal precessers, usln ene
el the \u\ senas te take a slnal te the precesser,
ana |rln the ellect |ack en steree lnputs er
llnkea steree channels. ll eur precesser has all-
tal lnputs ana eutputs, | asslnln an \u\ sena
ana steree return te the )!8`s steree alltal lnputs
ana eutputs, eu can keep the hele ellect
sena/return leep ln the alltal aenaln.
I. 0sing 0ynamics
\s ell as the te lnternal le\lcens, the )!8 alse
has te lnternal alltal ananlcs precessers.
Jhese let eu appl cenpresslen ana llnltln
hlle track-laln, te aela cllppln ana alsterten
ana et a eea leel aen te eur receraln neal-
un. 0atln an nlc`a seurces lll keep unantea
|ackreuna nelse eut el eur nl\. ecause eu
can select the seurce ler each ananlcs precesser
(the seurce that aeternlnes aln chane) lnae-
penaentl el the aestlnatlen (the channel er chan-
nels hese leels are chanea), eu can et cre-
atle lth the ananlcs sectlen. Jr usln a ate,
keea lren a rhthnlc seuna such as a hl-hat, te
neaulate the elune el a centlnueus seuna such
as a ke|eara paa.
K. 0sing Automation
0nce eu hae set up a |aslc nl\ - lnstrunents
slttln ln the rlht place ln the nl\, the rlht
ellects |alance - thlnk a|eut here eu ant te
chane thls threuh the nl\. usln snapshet
autenatlen, runnln aalnst tlneceae, eu can
chane laaer leels, ellects ana au\ senas, Lq ana
|us reutln, hereer eu neea. :tere the arla-
tlens en the |aslc nl\ ln alllerent snapshet leca-
tlens, ana le then nanes ll eu llke. \e le
the snapshets tlneceae lecatlens that cerrespena
te the pelnt ln the sen here eu ant the
chane te happen. (:tep the sen at hateer
pelnt the chane neeas te happen, such as hen
a sele starts, er an lnstrunent areps eut ana eu
ant te nute lts track, ana le the snapshet thls
tlneceae alue.) ll eu`re antlclpatln a sele, set
the snapshet te chane just a llttle aheaa el the
llrst nete that lt lll allect, ln eraer that eu aen`t
cut ell the start el anthln - ana ll eu`re nutln
alter an lnstrunent has llnlshea plaln, |e care-
lul net te nute |elere the last nete has alea aa
cenpletel.
ll eu`re usln a Ml0l seuencer, then eu can
use ananlc autenatlen ana neln laaers te
nl\ ln a alllerent a. ll eu are usln Ml0l te
pla lnstrunents as ell, ana eu hae a nultl-
pert Ml0l lntelace, lt`s eea practlce te aealcate
ene Ml0l pert te the autenatlen aata rather than
nl\ nete ana autenatlen aata. receraln pre-
ressle laaer ana ether chanes, eu can set up
perlect laaes at the ena el eur sen, er te take
lnstrunent parts up ana aen. 8enen|er that
eu can alse autenate Lq ana ether chanes - ln
lact, alnest eer paraneter en the aesk, apart
lren the analeue centrels, such as centrel reen
leels, can |e autenatea ana therelere usea te
creatle ellect ln a nl\.
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lse autenatlen te le eur track the ananlcs
that lt neeas. Jr haln sene lnstrunents that slt
|ack ln the nl\ ler nuch el the tlne, then slt up
- hlher elune, less ellect - at ke nenents.
ut renen|er a|ee all that lt`s eur track, ana
eu`re the |est juae el he lt sheula seuna. \
alltal nl\er such as the )!8 les eu an anai-
ln aeree el preauctlen peer, ana lt`s up te eu
te aeclae he te use lt.
L. Stereo 0utputs
\hen eu naster eur receraln, eu can recera
te |eth alltal ana analeue neala - |alancea
analeue eutputs are aalla|le alenslae un|al-
ancea phenes. ll eu`re usln the alltal eutputs
te 0\J, M0 er an M0 receraer, use the hlhest
reselutlen aalal|le te eu. ll eur neala alles lt,
nake eur receraln at !0 er !+ |lts rather than
Jo - |eth the :l0ll ana \L:/Ll eutputs can |e
set te run at an el these eralenths.
328 F000S: MIXER MAPS
ln a stuale |asea areuna a cenputer ana l0l
cara, eu can e\tena the lnteratlen |eteen
seuencer ana the )!8 |eena auale. 0u|ase
\uale \:J, Lnalc lelc, ana 0akealk all alle
custen nl\er naps (en-screen Ml0l laaers) te
centrel ana |e centrellea | the )!8`s ananlc
autenatlen. lnteratln seuencln ana nl\ln
te thls aeree, eu hae stlll nere lle\l|lllt ln
eur rltln ana nl\ln technlues. Ml\er naps
can |e aenleaaea lree el chare lren the :plrlt
e| slte.
328 F000S: LINKIN0 00NS0LES
ll eu`re erkln en a preject that res ana
res, eu can cascaae te )!8s la a speclal all-
tal llnk, te create hat ls ln ellect a slnle aute-
natea alltal nl\er lth )! neln laaers ana 8+
lnputs en nl\aen.
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 15
ue aees the rella|lllt el the 0lltal )!8 cen-
pare te an analeue censele? Jraaltlenall, ana-
leue censeles hae |een censtructea usln a sln-
le prlntea clrcult |eara ler each channel, plus
ene |eara ler each lunctlen ln the naster sectlen.
Lach clrcult |eara uses cenentlenal electrenlc
cenpenents, ana the |earas are llnkea teether
| rl||en ca|les. Jhe :plrlt 0lltal )!8, en the
ether hana, uses 'surlace neunt' technele ana
hlh aenslt prlntea clrcult |earas. :urlace-
neunt technele has |een lael usea ln the
cenputer lnaustr, lnpreln rella|lllt ana
speea.
IS 1HE 0PERA1IN0 SYS1EM
0P0RA0EABLE?
\es: neer erslens el the )!8 0peratln :sten
lll |e naae aalla|le threuh the 0lltal )!8 e|
slte (.alltal)!8.cen), er as an upraae klt
lren :plrlt alstrl|uters. Jhese upaates lll |e
accessl|le as seen as ne erslens are releasea,
ana (lnternet upaates enl) aalla|le at an tlne
el the aa. \ll seltare upraaes are prelaea lree
el chare | :plrlt.
WHA1 0I0I1AL INP01S AN0 001P01S
ARE FI11E0 AS S1AN0AR0?
* !\8 track lnputs \lesls \0\J eptlcal lernat
* !\8 track eutputs \lesls \0\J eptlcal lernat
* !\8 track lnputs J0ll lernat
* !\8 track eutputs J0ll lernat
* J\8 track arla|le eutputs \lesls \0\J eptlcal
lernat
* J \L: lnput en xl8
* J \L: eutput en xl8
* J :/l0ll lnput en 80\
* J :/l0ll eutput en 80\
* J Ml0l ln J Ml0l 0ut J Ml0l Jhru
* \eracleck lnput en \0
* \eracleck eutput en \0 (JJl leel)
* J :MlJL lnput en uarter-lnch jack
* :en ) pln ler Machlne 0entrel ( 8:-+!! )
* 0ascaae lert en !o a u0 0-tpe cennecter
H0W MANY EX1ERNAL 0I0I1AL
RE00R0ERS 0AN BE 0SE0 A1 0N0E?
Je. Jhe :plrlt 0lltal )!8 has te \lesls 0ptlcal
ana te Jascan J0ll lnterlaces lecatea en the
|ack panel, ene el each ler each set el elht tape
lnputs (J7-!+, !5-)!). Jhe lrent panel lncluaes
transpert centrels, lth lecater pelnts, ana the
a|lllt te arn (ana lnalcate arnln) an el the Jo
tracks ler receraln. ll te )!8s are llnkea la
the cascaae laclllt, up te leur receraers (lth )!
tape channels) can |e usea.
ARE 1HERE ANY 0I0I1AL A0X SEN0S?
\es. \ thlra \lesls \0\J lernat 0ptlcal eutput
(la|ellea \u\) ls lecatea en the |ack panel. Jhe
seurce ler the elht channels el thls \u\ 0ptlcal
0utput can |e set te cene lren the \lx |us, lx
|us, Mlx eutput er 0reup |uses. 0enpanles such
as \lesls ana J0 Llectrenlcs are alreaa aeslnln
ellects unlts lth 0ptlcal ln/0ut, as ell as stan-
aara uarter-lnch jacks.
0AN A 00 0R 0A1 MA0HINE BE 00N-
NE01E0 0I0I1ALLY?
\es. Mest prelesslenal, ana sene censuner, auale
0\J ana 00-8 nachlnes lncluae steree alltal
lnput perts. :lnpl assln the Mlx 0utputs te the
alltal \L:/Ll er :l0ll eutputs, ana sena that
slnal ln the alltal aenaln te the lnput el the
0\J er 00-8 receraer.
WHA1 1YPE 0F MI0 PREAMPS 00ES
1HE 0I0I1AL 328 HAVE?
Jhe 0lltal )!8 lncerperates :plrlt's en lK-
aeslnea-ana-|ullt lltraMlc llus
+
nlc preanps
en channels J-Jo. Jhls acclalnea preanp aesln
has the a|lllt te hanale a lae rane el slnals,
lth a nassle ooa el aln rane ana +!8au
na\lnun lnput leel. Jhls caters ler lrtuall all
hlh leel eutputs that are llkel te |e passea
threuh the preanp.
H0W 00 0R00P ASSI0NMEN1S
W0RK?
:lnpl select the channel eu lsh te assln, then
cheese the reup(s) te hlch eu lsh te assln
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0I0I1AL 328 FAqS
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then | pressln the |utten cerrespenaln te
that reup ln the :elect panel en the rlht slae el
the censele. \lternatlel, eu can press ana hela
an ene el the 0reup assln |uttens ana select
the channel(s) eu lsh te assln te that 0reup
0ut. \eu can alse uer hlch channels are
asslnea te speclllc 0reup 0uts. :lnpl press ana
hela ene el the 0reup assln |uttens te see
lnstantl hlch channel(s) are asslnea te a spe-
clllc 0reup at an tlne.
WHERE 00 1HE 0R00P 001P01S
R001E 10?
\eu can assln the 0reup 0utputs the \0\J eptl-
cal eutputs er the J0ll cennecters, er te the aaal-
tlenal eptlcal eutput (thls ls the he the 0reups
are reutea en peer-up). Jhe reups can alse |e
reutea te the Ml\ | helaln aen the 8eute te
Ml\ |utten ana selectln the 0reup :elect |uttens
ARE R001IN0 AN0 B0S ASSI0NMEN1S
S10RE0 IN SNAPSH01S?
\es, eer alltal lunctlen lthln a channel, such
as Lq, lan ana 0reup 0utput asslnnents can |e
sterea lnternall usln the :napshet lunctlen.
WHA1 ARE 1HE Eq FREq0EN0Y
RAN0ES?
+0ui te 800ui ler the le lreuenc |ana, !00ui
te 8kui ler the nla |ana, ana Jkui te !0kui ler
the hlh lreuenc |ana.
H0W 00ES 1HE S0L0/PFL SYS1EM
W0RK?
Lach channel has lts en :ele |utten - press ence
te sele the channel, ana aaln te clear lt. ln the
:ele 0entrel panel eu can sltch le|all
|eteen lll (lre laae llsten) ana \ll (\lter
laae llsten), ana select :ll (:ele-ln-llace). Jhere
ls a 0lear :ele lunctlen hlch lll clear the sele
lren all Jo channels. Jhere ls alse alse a trln
aajust ler the :ele ssten, hlch ls the llnal laaer
en the nasters |ank.
H0W 00 I SE1 1HE A0XES 10 BE PRE-
/P0S1- FA0ER?
uela aen the \u\/lx lre sltch lecatea en the
rlht hana slae el the censele, ana select hlch el
the \u\ ana lx senas eu ant te |e le|all
lre/lest laaer | usln the \u\ :elect sltches
lecatea ln the 8etar 0entrels sectlen.
WHI0H PARAME1ERS 0AN BE A010-
MA1E0?
:napshet \utenatlen alles eer lunctlen ana
paraneter en the aesk te |e lnstantl recallea,
e\cept these asseclatea lth analeue centrels e.
J8lM, ul lllters, 0/8n + phenes eutput leel
centrels. 0nanlc \utenatlen alles ler lnalla-
ual centrel el each lunctlen ana paraneter
threuh Ml0l. \ll nen-analeue lunctlens el the
censele - lnclualn leel, pan, Lq, ana ananlcs,
au\ leel, ana ellects
paraneters - hae |een asslnea Ml0l nessaes
hlch alle seltare centrel threuh alnest an
Ml0l seuencln packae.
H0W 00 1HE 0N00 AN0 RE00 F0N0-
1I0NS W0RK?
:plrlt 0lltal )!8 ellers nen-aestructle ealtln |
usln the lnae/8eae lunctlen. Jhls ls uselul ler
cenparln ne Lq settlns er lx settlns.
\heneer lunctlens hae |een upaatea, eu can
press the lnae |utten te return te the erllnal
settlns. Je return te the ne settlns, press 8eae.
Jhere ls enl ene leel el lnae/8eae te aela cen-
luslen. :napshets can |e usea ll nultlple leels el
cenparlsens are reulrea.
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 17
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I 0AN'1 HEAR 0NE 0R M0RE INP01
0HANNELS A1 1HE MIX 001P01, EVEN
1H000H 1HE FA0ER IS 0P AN0 1HE
0HANNEL IS N01 M01E0...
0heck that the channel ls reutea te the nl\ |us,
elther alrectl er la the reups. ult the select |ut-
ten(s) ler the channel ln uestlen, ana see
hether the 8eute Je Ml\ |utten er an el the
8eute Je 0reup |uttens are llt. ll lt's reutea te a
reup |ut eu stlll can't hear lt, check the
reup's leel, ana that lt lsn't nutea. Je ae thls,
select the Master laaer |ank, ana check laaer
pesltlens ana nute |uttens ler the elht laaers en
the lar lelt.
0NE 0R M0RE 0HANNELS S00N0
VERY 000 - I KN0W 1HE INS1R0MEN1
SH00L0N'1 S00N0 LIKE 1HA1.
llrst check hether eu'e appllea raalcal Lq te
the channel - press ana hela the Lq ln |utten ln
the :elect panel, ana see hether the select |ut-
tens en the channels ln uestlen are llt. ll eu're
usln te nene channels te recera a steree
lnstrunent, check that |eth channels are ln
phase, ana that the channels are pannea lelt ana
rlht. (ll eu hae ceplea settlns lren ene chan-
nel te the ether, te le then the sane Lq ana
lx/\u\ settlns, then eu na hae ceplea the
pan settlns as ell. ln the 0han 0ep :etup
nenu eu can alsa|le the cepln el pan settlns
|eteen channels.)
I'M HEARIN0 0NEXPE01E0 P0PS AN0
0LI0KS, 0R 0IS10R1I0N, 0N 0I0I1AL
INP01S.
Jhls ls alnest certalnl a eracleck pre|len. ll
eu are usln an \0\J lth
eur )!8, ana usln the eptlcal lnterlace, check
that the \0\J ls set te recele eracleck. Lnsure
that eracleck ls |eln preperl alstrl|utea, ana
here appreprlate that all aelces are set te slae
te tlneceae lren the appreprlate lnputs. Jr
nakln a alllerent aelce the naster - sene 0\J
receraers, ler e\anple, nust |e the eracleck
naster hen er chanln the cleck lreuenc el
the eracleck naster. Jr turnln eerthln ell,
ana turnln then en aaln ln the eraer the are
cennectea ln the eracleck chaln, startln lth
the naster.
I 0AN'1 W0RK 001 H0W 10 R001E
0HANNELS IN S1ERE0 1HR000H
0R00PS 10 1HE MIX.
ln eraer te use reups ln steree, eu nust llrst
llnk aajacent palrs - J&!, )&+, 5&o, er 7&8. ll
reups are net llnkea ln thls a, the are aute-
natlcall reutea ln nene te the Ml\. (\ete that
thls applles te )!8 seltare \J.J ana later). Je
llnk te reups, press ana hela the 0reup llnk
|utten ln the |etten rlht hana cerner el the
lrent panel, ana press the select |utten ler the
eaa-nun|erea 0reup. \ll channel pan settlns
are ne preserea hen eu reute channels
threuh llnkea reups te the Ml\. Je reute the
reups te the Ml\, press ana hela the 8eute Je
Ml\ |utten, ana press elther el the select |uttens
ler the palrea 0reups.
MY SEq0EN0ER ISN'1 RE00R0IN0 MY
FA0ER M0VES AN0 01HER 00N1R0L
M0VES.
0heck he the seuencer ls set up - lt ls pre|a|l
net receraln Ml0l centreller aata, hlch ls usea
ler the )!8's ananlc autenatlen. 0hane eur
receraln prelerences te alle thls te |e receraea.
Make sure Ml0l \utenatlen ls sltchea en ln the
)!8 \utenatlen :etup nenu.
WHEN I 0SE 0YNAMI0 A010MA1I0N,
1HE FA0ERS ARE I0MPIN0 AR00N0
INS1EA0 0F M0VIN0 SM001HLY.
Jhls ls causea | a Ml0l leep la eur seuencer.
Jurn ell Ml0l Jhru se that aata lren the )!8 ls
net re-sent te lts Ml0l lnput.
1R00BLESH001IN0
Guide.qxd 02/03/1999 11:25 Rage 18
ler lurther lnlernatlen please centact us at the
aetalls eerleal, er alternatlel lslt eur e|slte:
www.digital328.com
\eu lll llna lnlernatlen en the |rechure, user ulae,
lnterlace eptlens, nl\er naps, latest seltare ana
nuch nere.
\ll centents J))) :plrlt | :eunacralt. \e part el
thls pu|llcatlen na |e ceplea, transnlttea er sterea
electrenlcall er etherlse ler cennerclal aln,
altheuh the ceprlht helaer lll alle cepln ana
alstrl|utlen ler persenal er nen-prellt use.
Jhls ulae has |een rltten ana cenpllea | laul
lresen, :heet Jhat 0anel lnc., e\-ealter :euna en
:euna naailne.
F0R1HER INF0RMA1I0N
Spirit by Soundcraft
TM
,
Harman International
Industries Ltd.,
Cranborne House,
Cranborne Industrial Estate,
Cranborne Road, Potters Bar,
Herts EN6 3JN, England.
Tel: +44 (0)1707 665000
Fax: +44 (0)1707 665461
USA Distributors:
Spirit by Soundcraft
TM
Inc.,
4130 Citrus Avenue #9,
Rocklin, California 95677,
USA.
Tel: (916) 630 3960
Fax: (916) 630 3950
Part # ZL0502
E&OE.Spirit by Soundcraft reserves the right to alter specifications without prior notice.
www.spirit-by-soundcraft.co.uk
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