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Electroencephalography: Electroencephalography (EEG) Is The Recording of

EEG measures electrical activity along the scalp through electrodes placed on the scalp. It is most often used to diagnose epilepsy and sleep disorders by analyzing spectral content and looking for abnormalities. Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG provides valuable millisecond-range temporal resolution and is used for research and diagnosis of conditions like tumors, stroke, and encephalopathies where this resolution is important.

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Pirate Mayur
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40 views

Electroencephalography: Electroencephalography (EEG) Is The Recording of

EEG measures electrical activity along the scalp through electrodes placed on the scalp. It is most often used to diagnose epilepsy and sleep disorders by analyzing spectral content and looking for abnormalities. Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG provides valuable millisecond-range temporal resolution and is used for research and diagnosis of conditions like tumors, stroke, and encephalopathies where this resolution is important.

Uploaded by

Pirate Mayur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 2040 minutes, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications generally focus on the spectral content of EEG, that is, the type of neural oscillations that can be observed in EEG signals. EEG is most often used to diagnose epilepsy, which causes obvious abnormalities in EEG readings. It is also used to diagnose sleep disorders, coma, encephalopathies, and brain death. EEG used to be a first-line method of diagnosis for tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of high-resolution anatomical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT. Despite limited spatial resolution, EEG continues to be a valuable tool for research and diagnosis, especially when millisecond-range temporal resolution (not possible with CT or MRI) is required. Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials (ERPs) refer to averaged EEG responses that are timelocked to more complex processing of stimuli; this technique is used in cognitive science, cognitive psychology, and psychophysiological research. The brain's electrical charge is maintained by billions of neurons. Neurons are electrically charged (or "polarized") by membrane transport proteins that pump ions across their membranes. Neurons are constantly exchanging ions with the extracellular milieu, for example to maintain resting potential and to propagate action potentials. Ions of similar charge repel each other, and when many ions are pushed out of many neurons at the same time, they can push their neighbors, who push their neighbors, and so on, in a wave. This process is known as volume conduction. When the wave of ions reaches the electrodes on the scalp, they can push or pull electrons on the metal on the electrodes. Since metal conducts the push and pull of electrons easily, the difference in push or pull voltages between any two electrodes can be measured by a voltmeter. Recording these voltages over time gives us the EEG.

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