Definition of

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Instructor: Aaron Jan S. Palmares, RMT

Medical Technology

Under the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 Republic Act 5527

Medical Technology is defined as an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion and excretion of the human body by various electronic, chemical, microscopic and other medical laboratory techniques either manual or automated which will aid the physician in the diagnosis study and treatment of diseases and in the promotion of health in general.

Medical Technologist
is a healthcare professional who performs diagnostic analytic tests on body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid, as well as other specimens. Medical technologists work in clinical laboratories at hospitals, doctor's offices, reference labs, and within the biotechnology industry.

Pleural Fluid

Synovial Fluid

Peritoneal Fluid

Rectal Swab Gastric aspirate

A. Pre-analytical stage
Automated
3.

front end processors

Modular stand-alone system

OLA 2500 Lab Automation System

A. Pre-analytical stage
Automated
3.

front end processors

Modular stand-alone system

Roche Modular Pre-analytics

.

Early Beginning of

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Instructor: Aaron Jan S. Palmares, RMT

STONE AGE
Cave man noted

change in urine properties associated with diseases

Urinalysis is the oldest

laboratory test

ANCIENT TIMES

Egyptians and

Babylonians noted the color, odor, and taste of urine

Polyuria of diabetes

was also noted

1550 B.C. beginning of Medical Technology Ebers Papyrus discovered at Thebes First written records of parasitic infections such as Taenia, Ascaris and Hookworm.
Vivian Herrick traces the

460 370 B.C.

Formulated the famous Hippocratic Oath

460 370 B.C.

Father of Medicine

He described the four humors

Qualitatively measure a deficiency or

or body fluids in man

excess of bodily fluids (i.e., blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) with respect to the changing seasons.

BLOOD
Spring, Hot and Moist Too much Air: Sanguine

YELLOW BILE
Summer, Hot and Dry Too much Fire: Choleric

BLACK BILE
Autumn, Cold and Dry
Too much Earth: Melancholic

PHLEGM
Winter, Cold and Moist

Too much Water: Phlegmatic

MIDDLE AGES
Blood Letting" was a

means of curing most afflictions

A patient was bled with

leeches or by cutting a blood vessel

1098 1438 A.D. Medieval Period

Ruth Williams believed that

Medical Technology started during the Medieval Period Study of urine was a fad
Early Hindu doctors

believed that sweet urine attracted ants

14th Century

Anne Fagelson believed that M.T. started University of Bologna when Allesandra Gilliani, first "technologist" was employed at University of Bologna in Italy

th 17

Century (1625)
Development of the

microscope was first described

17th Century (1673)

microscope became available. Anton van Leeuwenhoek, invented compound microscope & described blood cells, saw protozoa, and classified bacteria
First functional

17th Century (1673)

Microscope Replica

Drawings of Bacteria

17th Century (1628 1694)

Malphigi - greatest of

the early microscopist. of Pathology due to his contributions in embryology and anatomy.

known as the Founder

Malphigi

18th Century
Laboratory Test were greatly

improved, moving from qualitative to quantitate.

19th Century
Bacteriology
Bacteria grown, stained,

and studied under microscope

19th Century
Bacteriology
Bacteria grown, stained,

and studied under microscope

19th century (1837)

A pioneering

course in Medical Microscopy was first taught in Paris

th 19

Century (1821-1902)
Pathology was

practiced during the time of Rudolf Virchow. (1821-1902)

Father of Modern Pathology Founded Cellular and Comparative Pathology

19th Century (1848)

Hermann von Fehling,

a German chemist, performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar

Fehlings Test Hydrated Copper

th 19

Century (1850s)
Analine dyes that were

used throughout the laboratory then and today were developed

 Rapid advancements in

Chemistry laid the ground work for the development of our modern Clinical Chemistry.

 Medical Technology became

known in Germany and spread in Greece, Japan, Turkey, England and United States.

HISTORY OF
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY UNITED STATES
IN THE

Late 19th century

Emergence of

Clinical Laboratories in the U.S. is due to advances in Medical Science

19th Century (1844)

Dr. Douglas opened first chemical University of Michigan laboratory and began laboratory instruction in the University of Michigan

1878
Dr. William H. Welsh -

Dr. Welsh

Father of American Pathology set up the first pathology laboratory in America at Bellevue Hospital.

 He gave the first

laboratory course in Pathology in an American Medical School

Dr. Welsh

1885
Dr. William Welsh

became the first professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University

John Hopkins University

1896
The first recognized

Clinical Laboratory in the States opened at the John Hopkins Hospital by Dr. William Osler.

1896
Another Clinical

Laboratory opened at the University of Pennsylvania (William Pepper Laboratory)

Late 1890s
Clinical Laboratories operated in

hospitals at Boston, New York and Philadelphia.

Boston

New York

Philadelphia

1900 A census indicated that 100 technicians were employed in the United States. All were men, but not all were medically technicians.

1908
James Todd published A

Manual of Clinical Diagnosis (now Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods)

1914 - 1918
World War

was an important factor in the growth of the clinical laboratory

Pathologists learned

a lot from treating the wounded

1915

Pennsylvania

the State of Pennsylvania passed a law that required all hospitals be equipped with adequate laboratories employing trained technicians

1920
The census

recorded 3,500 technicians, over half were now women

1921
The first formal laboratory course was established at Woman's Medical School and Woman's Hospital in Philadelphia is recorded in the files of the Registry of Medical Technologists.

1922
the American Society

of Clinical Pathologists, ASCP, was organized.

3035 U.S. hospitals indicated

they had established a department for the Clinical Laboratory.

1923
the University of

Minnesota offered the 1st degree program in Medical Technology

Courses in Medical Technology

for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians

1936

American Board of Pathology

was formed

1937
Blood Banking

became a practical procedure

1939
American Medical

Technologists was formed

WW II (Era of Sophistication)

Use of blood increased, Instrumentation became advanced, automated equipments appeared, QC programs begun.

World War

II

1957
Technicon

introduced the first Autoanalyzer

1970 1980s
Discrete sampling

instruments were developed

History of Medical Technology in the Philippines

9th day January in 1945

US ships of the 6th US Army Lingayen Gulf Manila was taken and Corrigidor was liberated

26th Medical laboratory of the 6th US Army (located at Quiricada, Sta. Cruz Manila)

June 1945

September 1945

Dr. Pio de Roda Mariano Icasiano (Manila City Health Officer) Manila Public Health Laboratory

1947

Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana and Dr. Pio de Roda trained high school graduates to work as medical technicians

1954

Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana prepared the syllabus for the training program Then, a six-month laboratory training with a certificate upon completion was given

1954 Philippine Union College Baesa, Caloocan, Rizal 1956 Dr.Jesse Umali 1st Graduate School Year 1957-1958 Dr. Antonio Gabriel Dr. Gustavo Reyes UST Faculty of Pharmacy

June 17,1957 Department of Education 1st 3rd year June 1960 Permit to Internship Program June 14 1961 4-year B.S. Medical Technology