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Quantitative Ability Formula Sheet CAT and Management Entrance Tests

Arithmetic Fundamentals Table of Squares Number 1 2 3 4 Square 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 25

1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 121 144 169 196 225 256 400 625

Table of Cubes Number Cube 2 8 3 27 4 64 5 125 10` 1000 20 8000 100 1000000

Commonly used Decimal, Percent and Fractions(Less than 1) Percent Fractions Decimals 10% 20% 25% 30% 33% 40% 50% 60% 66% 75% 80% 90% 100% 1 10 0.1 2 10 0.2 1 4 0.25 3 10 0.3 1 3 0.33 2 5 0.4 1 2 0.5 3 5 0.6 2 3 3 4 4 5 0.8 9 10 0.9 1 1

0.66 0.75

Commonly used Decimal, Percent and Fractions (Greater than 1) Percent Fractions Decimals 100% 1 1 125% 5 4 1.25 133.33% 4 3 1.33 150% 3 2 1.5 200% 2 2.0

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Quantitative Ability Formula Sheet CAT and Management Entrance Tests

Divisibility Rule Number Rule 2 If last digit is 0,2,4,6, or 8 3 If sum of digits is divisible by 3 4 5 6 9 10 If number created by the last 2 digits is divisible by 4 If last digit is 0 or 5 If divisible by 2 & 3 If sum of digits is divisible by 9 If last digit is 0 Example 22, 30, 50, 68, 1024 123 is divisible by 3 since 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 (and 6 is divisible by 3) 864 is divisible by 4 since 64 is divisible by 4 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 2335 522 is divisible by 6 since it is divisible by 2 & 3 621 is divisible by 9 since 6 + 2 + 1 = 9 (and 9 is divisible by 9) 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 5550

Operations Involving Exponents Multiplication Division Power Roots

= (+) = () ( ) = =

Special Exponents Reciprocal

= = =

Power 0 Power 1

= ( )

Logarithms Definition: = = Example: = = Properties = = = = = = + =

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Quantitative Ability Formula Sheet CAT and Management Entrance Tests

Progressions Arithmetic Progression: term of an Arithmetic Progression = + Sum of n terms of an arithmetic expression = + + = Geometric Progression: term of a Geometric Progression = Sum of n terms of a geometric progression: = (+ )

The first term is 1 , the common difference is , and the number of terms is . Infinite Geometric Progression

The first term is 1 , the common ratio is , and the number of terms is .

Sum of all terms in an infinite geometric series =

()

< <

Roots of a Quadratic Equation A quadratic equation of type + + has two solutions, called roots. These two solutions may or may not be distinct. The roots are given by the quadratic formula: the sign indicates that both
b b 2 4ac 2a b b 2 4ac 2a

where

and

b+ b 2 4ac 2a

are solutions

Common Factoring Formulas 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. = + + + = ( + ) + = ( ) + + + = ( + ) + = ( )

Binomial Theorem The coefficient of ( ) in ( + ) is:

! ! ( )!

Applies for any real or complex numbers x and y, and any non-negative integer n.

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Quantitative Ability Formula Sheet CAT and Management Entrance Tests

Summary of counting methods Order matters With Replacement If objects are taken from a set of objects, in a specific order with replacement, how many different samples are possible? Permutation Rule: If objects are taken from a set of objects without replacement, in a specific order, how many different samples are possible?

Order doesnt matter N/A

Without Replacement

! ( )!

Combination Rule: If objects are taken from a set of objects without replacement and disregarding order, how many different samples are possible?

! !( )!

Probability The probability of an event A, is defined as =

Independent Events: If A and B are independent events, then the probability of A happening and the probability of B happening is: = () () Dependent Events: If A and B are dependent events, then the probability of A happening and the probability of B happening, given A, is: = () ( | ) Conditional Probability: The probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred e.g. what is the probability that B will occur after A = ( ) ()

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Quantitative Ability Formula Sheet CAT and Management Entrance Tests

Geometry Fundamentals The sum of angles around a point will always be 360 degrees. Vertical angles are equal to each other. In the adjacent figure = and =

In the adjacent figure + + + =

The sum of angles on a straight line is 180.

When a line intersects a pair of parallel lines, the corresponding angles are formed are equal to each other

In the adjacent figure sum of angles and b is 180 i.e. + =

In the figure above =

When a line intersects a pair of parallel lines, the alternate interior and exterior angles formed are equal to each other In the adjacent figure alternate interior angles a=b and alternate exterior angles c=d

Any point on the perpendicular bisector of a line is equidistant from both ends of the line.

In the figure, k is the perpendicular bisector of segment AB and c=d, e=f

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Triangle Properties 1. Sum of all internal angles of a triangle is 180 degrees i.e. + + = 2. Sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third i.e. + > or + > or + > 3. The largest interior angle is opposite the largest side; the smallest interior angle is opposite the smallest side i.e. if > > 4. The exterior angle is supplemental to the adjoining interior angle i.e. + = . Since + + = it follows that = + 5. The internal bisector of an angle bisects the opposite side in the ratio of the other two sides. In the adjoining figure DC = BC
BD AB

Pythagoras Theorem Commonly Used Pythagorean Triples Height, Base 3,4 or 4,3 6,8 or 8,6 = + 5, 12 or 12,5 7, 24 or 24,7 Hypotenuse 5 10 13 25

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Quantitative Ability Formula Sheet CAT and Management Entrance Tests

Special Right Triangles

The lengths of the sides of a 45 - 45 90 triangle are in the ratio of : :

The lengths of the sides of a 30 - 60 - 90 triangle are in the ratio of : :

Test of Acute and Obtuse Triangles If < + then it is an acute-angled triangle, i.e. the angle facing side c is an acute angle. If > + then it is an obtuse-angled triangle, i.e. the angle facing side c is an obtuse angle.

Polygons Sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360 + + + = 360

Sum of interior angles of a pentagon is 540 + + + + = 540

If n is the number of sides of the polygon then, sum of interior angles = (n - 2)180

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Quantitative Ability Formula Sheet CAT and Management Entrance Tests

Properties of a Circle The angle at the centre of a circle is twice any angle at the circumference subtended by the same arc. Every angle subtended at the circumference by the diameter of a circle is a right angle (90).

In the adjacent figure angle =

In a cyclic quadrilateral, the opposite angles are supplementary i.e. they add up to 180.

The angles at the circumference subtended by the same arc are equal.

In the figure above angle + = and + =

In the adjacent figure angle =

A chord is a straight line joining 2 points on the circumference of a circle.

A radius that is perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord into two equal parts and vice versa. In the adjacent figure PW=PZ

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Area and Perimeter of Common Geometrical Figures Rectangle Square Triangle

Area = Perimeter = ( + ) Circle

Area = Perimeter = Equilateral Triangle

Area = Trapezoid

Area = Perimeter =

Area = Perimeter = Altitude = Ring

Area = ( + ) Sector

Parallelogram

Area = Perimeter = ( + )

Area = ( )

in degrees Area =

Length of Arc = Perimeter = +

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Volume and Surface Area of 3 Dimensional Figures Cube Sphere Right Circular Cylinder

Volume = Surface Area = ( + + ) Pyramid

Volume =

Surface Area =

Volume = Surface Area =

Right Circular Cone

Frustum

Volume =

Surface Area = = + B is the area of the base is the slant height

Volume = Surface Area = ( + )

Volume = ( + + )

Coordinate Geometry Line: Equation of a line = + In the adjoining figure, c is the intercept of the line on Y-axis i.e. c=2, m is the slope

Slope of a line =

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The slopes of parallel lines are equal In the adjoining figure, the two lines are parallel to each other i.e. =

The slopes of perpendicular lines are opposite reciprocals of one another. In the adjoining the two lines are perpendicular to each other i.e. =

Midpoint between two points ( , ) and ( , ) in a x-y plane:

Distance between two points ( , ) and ( , ) in a x-y plane:

, =

( ) + ( )

Horizontal and Vertical line Equation of line parallel to x-axis (line p) with intercept on y-axis at (0, b) is = . Equation of line parallel to y-axis (line q) with intercept on x-axis at (a,0) is =

Equation of a circle with center (h,k) and radius r

( ) + ( ) =

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Trigonometry Basics Definition: Right Triangle definition for angle such that 0 < < 90 Pythagorean Relationships 2 + 2 = 1 2 + 1 = 2 + 1 = Half Angle Formulas = , = = , , 1 = = 1 1 1 2 = (1 cos 2 ) 2 1 2 = 1 + cos 2 2 2 = (1 cos 2 ) (1 + cos 2 )
2 2

Tan and Cot = = ,

Even/Odd sin = cos = tan =

sin 2 = 2, cos 2 = 2 2 0 Sin 0 1 0 30 1 2 3 2 1 3 45 1 2 1 2 1 60 3 2 1 2 3 90 1 0

Periodic Formula: Where n is an integer sin + 2 = sin sin + 180 = cos ( + 2) = cos cos ( + 180) = tan + = tan tan + 90 = tan Cos

Tan

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